The document discusses how culture influences consumer behavior, defining culture as the sum of learned beliefs, values, and customs that regulate behavior in a society. It examines how culture is learned through enculturation and acculturation, and shared through language, symbols, rituals, and various social institutions. The document also explores how marketers can understand and appeal to cultural influences by analyzing content, observing consumer behaviors, and measuring cultural values.
2. For Penneys heralded boss, the shine
is off of the Apple-WSJ
Summarize Article
JC Pennys current consumer position? Future
position? Actions taken to change position.
How were decisions made?
Cultural Issues? Changes?
Results?
2
4. Culture
The sum total of learned
beliefs, values, and
customs that serve to
regulate the consumer
behavior of members of
a particular society.
4Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
5. A Theoretical Model of Cultures Influence
on Behavior - Figure 11.2
5Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
6. The Invisible Hand of Culture
Each individual perceives the
world through his own
cultural lens
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7. Culture Satisfies Needs
Order, Direction and
Guidance
Food and Clothing
Needs vs. Luxury
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8. Culture Is Learned
Enculturation and
acculturation
Language and
symbols
Ritual
Sharing of culture
Enculturation
The learning of ones
own culture
Acculturation
The learning of a new or
foreign culture
Issues
8Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
9. Culture Is Learned
Enculturation and
acculturation
Language and
symbols
Ritual
Sharing of culture
Issues Without a common
language ,shared meaning
could not exist
Marketers must choose
appropriate symbols in
advertising
Marketers can use
known symbols for
associations
9Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
10. Culture Is Learned
Enculturation and
acculturation
Language and
symbols
Ritual
Sharing of culture
Issues
A ritual is a type of
symbolic activity consisting
of a series of steps
Rituals extend over the
human life cycle
Marketers realize that
rituals often involve
products (artifacts)
10Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
11. Selected Rituals and Associated Artifacts -
Table 11.2
SELECTED RITUALS TYPICAL ARTIFACTS
Wedding White gown (something old, something
new, something borrowed, something
blue)
Birth of child U.S. Savings Bond, silver baby spoon
Birthday Card, present, cake with candles
50th Wedding anniversary Catered party, card and gift, display of
photos of the couples life together
Graduation Pen, U.S. Savings Bond, card, wristwatch
Valentines Day Candy, card, flowers
New Years Eve Champagne, party, fancy dress
11Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
12. Culture Is Learned
Enculturation and
acculturation
Language and
symbols
Ritual
Sharing of Culture
Issues
To be a cultural
characteristic, a belief,
value, or practice must be
shared by a significant
portion of the society
Culture is transferred
through family, schools,
houses of worship, and
media 12Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
13. Culture is Dynamic
Evolves because it fills needs
Certain factors change culture
Technology
Population shifts
Resource shortages
Wars
Changing values
Customs from other countries
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14. The Measurement of Culture
Content Analysis
Consumer Fieldwork
Value Measurement
Instruments
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15. ContentContent
AnalysisAnalysis
A method for
systematically analyzing
the content of verbal
and/or pictorial
communication. The
method is frequently
used to determine
prevailing social values
of a society.
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16. Consumer Fieldwork
Field Observation
Natural setting
Subject unaware
Focus on observation of behavior
Participant Observation
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17. Value Measurement Survey Instruments
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18. American Core Values
Criteria for Value Selection
The value must be pervasive.
The value must be enduring.
The value must be consumer-related.
18Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Eleven 際際滷
21. Case 11-1: My Taco has How Many
Calories?
How does providing calories information
on menus relate to the core American
Values presented in Chapter 11?
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