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 By the end of this topic, student should be able to:
 Describe identification of chicken pox
 Name the infectious agent of chicken pox
 Identify the occurrence/incident of chicken pox
 Name of reservoir of chicken pox
 Explain the mode transmission of chicken pox
 Identify the susceptibility person to chicken pox
 State the incubation period of chicken pox
 State the period communicability of chicken pox
 Explain method of control of chicken pox
 Prevention measures
 Control of patient, contact and immediate environment
 Explain epidemiological measures of chicken pox
 Describe disaster management measure of chicken pox
 Describe international intervention of chicken pox

 Chickenpox is a viral infection in which a
person develops extremely itchy blisters all
over the body.
 It used to be one of the classic childhood
diseases.

 Chickenpox usually starts with one spot, but
more spots quickly appear, with:
-fever
-headache
-runny nose
-a cough, and
-feeling very tired
 The rash starts on the chest and back, and
spreads to the face, scalp, arms and legs. The
rash can develop all over the body, inside the
ears, on the eyelids, inside the nose and within
the vagina, everywhere.

The pesky pustules fill with
fluid then scab over.

 History and physical examination usually aid
the diagnosis of Chicken Pox.
 The characteristic skin rash with itching and
low grade fever help to make the diagnosis.
 Confirmation of the diagnosis is possible by
examining the direct scraping of the skin
lesion under a microscope, viral cultures or a
rising antibody level in convalescing blood
samples.

 Human (alpha) herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster
virus, VZV)
 A member of the Herpesvirus group

 Worldwide
 Chickenpox infection was a common
occurrence, and almost everyone had been
infected by the time he or she reached
adulthood.

 Chicken pox is very contagious.
 It spreads from person to person by sneezing,
coughing, contaminated clothing and direct
contact with open blisters.

The airborne varicella virus enters the body, then
infects the non-immune person.

 2 to 3 weeks
 It takes between 10 and 21 days after
contact with an infected person.
 Commonly 14-16 days

The stages of chicken pox, from virus to dormancy

Herpes zoster (shingles) on the back

 It is usually communicable for one to two
days (up to five days) before the onset of the
rash, continuing until all the lesions are
crusted.
 Communicability may be prolonged in
patients with altered immunity.

 Usually children who have not had the
chicken pox vaccine.
 Adults
 People who have autoimmune disorders

 the varicella vaccine is recommended for
non-immune, healthy individuals aged 12
months or older.
 Non-immune individuals who should be
specifically targeted for vaccination include:
-household contacts of immunosuppressed
people
-health care workers
-those working with young children
-women contemplating pregnancy
-parents of young children.

 Report to local health authority
 Isolation: Exclude children from school,
medical officers, emergency rooms or public
places until vesicles become dry
 Concurrent disinfection: articles soiled by
discharges from the nose and throat
 Quarantine: usually none
 Proctection of contact: Varicella vaccine is
effective in preventing illness

 Outbreaks of varicella are common in school
and other institutional settings

 Outbreaks of chickenpox may occur among
children crowded together in emergency
housing situations.

 David L. Heymann, MD, 2004, Control of
Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition,
APHA, WHO.

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Chicken pox

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