際際滷

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CHNG 6
THNG MAI QUOC TE
I. C S CUA NGOAI THNG
1) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 tuye辰t 単o叩i
Mo但 h狸nh the叩 gi担湛i:
(i) The叩 gi担湛i gom 2 quo叩c gia: A va淡
B.
(ii) The叩 gi担湛i sa短n xua叩t 2 ma谷t ha淡ng
(th鱈 du誰 ga誰o va淡 va短i)
(iii) Ye叩u to叩 sa短n xua叩t duy nha叩t la淡
lao 単o辰ng.
1) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 tuye辰t 単o叩i
(tt)
So叩 lie辰u ve na棚ng sua叩t lao 単o辰ng cu短a
mo達i quo叩c gia nh旦 sau (NSL = so叩 sa短n
pha奪m/nga淡y co但ng):
Ga誰o (kg)
Va短i (m)
A

12

hoa谷
c

6

B

4

hoa谷
c

10
I. C S CUA NGOAI THNG
2) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 so sa湛nh
Mo但 h狸nh the叩 gi担湛i:
(i) The叩 gi担湛i gom 2 quo叩c gia: A va淡
B
(ii) The叩 gi担湛i sa短n xua叩t 2 ma谷t ha淡ng
(th鱈 du誰 ga誰o va淡 s旦探a)
(iii) Ye叩u to叩 sa短n xua叩t duy nha叩t la淡
lao 単o辰ng.
2) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 so sa湛nh (tt)
So叩 lie辰u ve na棚ng sua叩t lao 単o辰ng cu短a
mo達i quo叩c gia nh旦 sau (NSL = so叩 sa短n
pha奪m/1 nga淡y co但ng):
Ga誰o (kg)

S旦探a (l鱈t)

A

18

hoa谷
c

3

B

2

hoa谷
c

1
 V畛 m畉t th畛 ch畉: 畛ng h畛 t畛 do giao th動董ng
gi畛a c叩c qu畛c gia
 V畛 m畉t l箪 thuy畉t: Ch旦湛ng minh l担誰i 鱈ch
cu短a vie辰c t畛 do giao th動董ng gi畛a c叩c
qu畛c gia
 Tr棚n th畛c t畉: kh担ng c坦 qu畛c gia no 畛
hng ho叩 c叩c n動畛c kh叩c t畛 do nh畉p kh畉u
vo qu畛c gia m狸nh  ro c畉n trong ngo畉i
th動董ng.
 T畉i sao?
II. RAO
THNG

CAN

TRONG

NGOAI

1. Mu誰c 単鱈ch: ra淡o ca短n th旦担ng ma誰i
nh畉m gia短m b担湛t kho叩i l旦担誰ng ha淡ng
nha辰p kha奪u va淡o mo辰t n旦担湛c va淡
ba短o ve辰 nen sa短n xua叩t trong
n旦担湛c. Co淡n co湛 the奪 la淡 nguon thu
cho nga但n sa湛ch nha淡 n旦担湛c.
2. Ra淡o ca短n chu短 ye叩u: thue叩 quan
va淡 ha誰n nga誰ch (quota).
II. RAO
THNG

CAN

TRONG

NGOAI

3. Thu畉 quan
a) 嘆nh ngh坦a: Thue叩 単a湛nh va淡o mo辰t loa誰i
ha淡ng ho湛a khi no湛 v旦担誰t qua bie但n gi担湛i
quo叩c gia;
Thu畉 xu畉t kh畉u: thu畉 単a湛nh va淡o ha淡ng ho湛a
xua叩t.
Thue叩 nha辰p kha奪u: thue叩 単a湛nh va淡o ha淡ng
ho湛a nha辰p.
b) Mu誰c 単鱈ch cu短a thue叩 nha辰p kha奪u
 Ba短o ve辰 nen sa短n xua叩t no辰i 単嘆a;
 Ta誰o nguon thu cho nga但n sa湛ch.
II. RAO
THNG

CAN

TRONG

NGOAI

4. Ha誰n nga誰ch nha辰p kha奪u
a) 嘆nh ngh坦a: Qui 単嘆nh l旦担誰ng ha淡ng
to叩i 単a co湛 the奪 単旦担誰c nha辰p va淡o
trong n旦担湛c;
b) Mu誰c 単鱈ch: ba短o ve辰 nen sa短n xua叩t
no辰i 単嘆a;
(kho但ng ta誰o nguon thu cho nga但n
sa湛ch).
II. RAO
THNG

CAN

TRONG

NGOAI

5. Ta湛c 単o辰ng cu短a ra淡o ca短n ngoa誰i
th旦担ng 単e叩n nen kinh te叩
So sa湛nh gi旦探a hai 単ieu kie辰n: (1) co湛
s旦誰 hie辰n die辰n cu短a t旦誰 do ngoa誰i
th旦担ng; va淡 (2) co湛 can thie辰p cu短a
nha淡 n旦担湛c ba竪ng ca湛c ra淡o ca短n
kha湛c nhau
H狸nh. Ta湛c 単o辰ng cu短a thue叩 nha辰p kha奪u 単e叩n nen kinh
te叩
P
S
D

p0
Pw + t
Pw

0

a

c

b

d

Q
q1

q3

q0

q4

q2
H狸nh. Ta湛c 単o辰ng cu短a quota nha辰p kha奪u 単e叩n nen kinh
te叩
P
S
D

p0
P1
Pw

0

a

c

b

d

Q
q1

q3

q0

q4

q2
III. CNG C畛 PHN TCH CHNH SCH
1) H畛 s畛 b畉o h畛 danh ngh挑a (NPC)
NPC = Pid/Pib
Trong 単o湛: Pid = gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a cu短a ha淡ng
ho湛a; Pib = gia湛 quo叩c te叩 cu短a ha淡ng
ho湛a; i = ma谷t ha淡ng i.
NPC > 1, ch鱈nh sa湛ch gia湛 ca短 cu短a nha淡
n旦担湛c ba短o ve辰 ng旦担淡i sa短n xua叩t trong
n旦担湛c.
NPC < 1, ch鱈nh sa湛ch gia湛 ca短 cu短a nha淡
n旦担湛c ba短o ve辰 ng旦担淡i tie但u du淡ng.
So叩 lie辰u ve NPC cu短a ga誰o ta誰i Vie辰t Nam,
1992.
Khoa短n mu誰c
Ga誰o 5%
Gia湛 FOB, tha淡nh pho叩 Ho
油
Ch鱈 Minh
T鱈nh ba竪ng USD
T鱈nh ba竪ng nga淡n 単ong/ta叩n1
Chi ph鱈 xua叩t kha奪u (単ong/kg)2
Gia湛 xua叩t kha奪u t旦担ng 単旦担ng
(単ong/kg)3
Gia湛 ga誰o (ba湛n buo但n) (単ong/kg)
1

250
2800
172
2628
1981

T脱 gia湛 ho叩i 単oa湛i: USD 1 = VND 11,200.

Chi ph鱈 xua叩t kha奪u = chi ph鱈 co湛 lie但n quan 単e叩n vie辰c xua叩t kha奪u ga誰o t旦淡
th嘆 tr旦担淡ng ba湛n buo但n 単e叩n ca短ng xua叩t.
2

3

Gia湛 xua叩t kha奪u t旦担ng 単旦担ng = gia湛 FOB  chi ph鱈 xua叩t kha奪u.
2) H畛 s畛 b畉o h畛 th畛c t畉 (EPC)
 EPC = Vad/Vab
 Vad = gia湛 tr嘆 gia ta棚ng cu短a sa短n pha奪m t鱈nh
theo gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a (= gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a cu短a
sa短n pha奪m  gia湛 tr嘆 cu短a 単au va淡o mua
ngoa淡i t鱈nh theo gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a)
 Vab = gia湛 tr嘆 gia ta棚ng cu短a sa短n pha奪m t鱈nh
theo gia湛 th畉 gi畛i (= gia湛 th畉 gi畛i cu短a sa短n
pha奪m  gia湛 tr嘆 cu短a 単au va淡o mua
ngoa淡i t鱈nh theo gia湛 th畉 gi畛i.
EPC > 1: ng旦担淡i sa短n xua叩t 単旦担誰c h旦担短ng
l担誰i t旦淡 ch鱈nh sa湛ch ba短o ho辰 cu短a nha淡
n旦担湛c.
 EPC < 1: ng旦担淡i sa短n xua叩t b嘆 thie辰t ha誰i do
So叩 lie辰u ve EPC 単o叩i v担湛i ga誰o 5% cu短a Vie辰t Nam,
1992.

Khoa短n
mu誰c

Gia湛 no辰i
単嘆a
(単ong/kg)

Gia湛 th畉 gi畛 i
(単ong/kg)

Gia湛 tr嘆 sa短n
1981
2628
pha奪m
Gia湛 tr嘆 単au
416
422
va淡o
mua
ngoa淡i
Gia湛 tr嘆 gia
1565
2186
ta棚ng
cu短a
EPC = 1565 / 2186 = 0.716 < 1
sa短n pha奪m

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Chuong 6 print

  • 1. CHNG 6 THNG MAI QUOC TE
  • 2. I. C S CUA NGOAI THNG 1) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 tuye辰t 単o叩i Mo但 h狸nh the叩 gi担湛i: (i) The叩 gi担湛i gom 2 quo叩c gia: A va淡 B. (ii) The叩 gi担湛i sa短n xua叩t 2 ma谷t ha淡ng (th鱈 du誰 ga誰o va淡 va短i) (iii) Ye叩u to叩 sa短n xua叩t duy nha叩t la淡 lao 単o辰ng.
  • 3. 1) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 tuye辰t 単o叩i (tt) So叩 lie辰u ve na棚ng sua叩t lao 単o辰ng cu短a mo達i quo叩c gia nh旦 sau (NSL = so叩 sa短n pha奪m/nga淡y co但ng): Ga誰o (kg) Va短i (m) A 12 hoa谷 c 6 B 4 hoa谷 c 10
  • 4. I. C S CUA NGOAI THNG 2) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 so sa湛nh Mo但 h狸nh the叩 gi担湛i: (i) The叩 gi担湛i gom 2 quo叩c gia: A va淡 B (ii) The叩 gi担湛i sa短n xua叩t 2 ma谷t ha淡ng (th鱈 du誰 ga誰o va淡 s旦探a) (iii) Ye叩u to叩 sa短n xua叩t duy nha叩t la淡 lao 単o辰ng.
  • 5. 2) Ly湛 thuye叩t ve l担誰i the叩 so sa湛nh (tt) So叩 lie辰u ve na棚ng sua叩t lao 単o辰ng cu短a mo達i quo叩c gia nh旦 sau (NSL = so叩 sa短n pha奪m/1 nga淡y co但ng): Ga誰o (kg) S旦探a (l鱈t) A 18 hoa谷 c 3 B 2 hoa谷 c 1
  • 6. V畛 m畉t th畛 ch畉: 畛ng h畛 t畛 do giao th動董ng gi畛a c叩c qu畛c gia V畛 m畉t l箪 thuy畉t: Ch旦湛ng minh l担誰i 鱈ch cu短a vie辰c t畛 do giao th動董ng gi畛a c叩c qu畛c gia Tr棚n th畛c t畉: kh担ng c坦 qu畛c gia no 畛 hng ho叩 c叩c n動畛c kh叩c t畛 do nh畉p kh畉u vo qu畛c gia m狸nh ro c畉n trong ngo畉i th動董ng. T畉i sao?
  • 7. II. RAO THNG CAN TRONG NGOAI 1. Mu誰c 単鱈ch: ra淡o ca短n th旦担ng ma誰i nh畉m gia短m b担湛t kho叩i l旦担誰ng ha淡ng nha辰p kha奪u va淡o mo辰t n旦担湛c va淡 ba短o ve辰 nen sa短n xua叩t trong n旦担湛c. Co淡n co湛 the奪 la淡 nguon thu cho nga但n sa湛ch nha淡 n旦担湛c. 2. Ra淡o ca短n chu短 ye叩u: thue叩 quan va淡 ha誰n nga誰ch (quota).
  • 8. II. RAO THNG CAN TRONG NGOAI 3. Thu畉 quan a) 嘆nh ngh坦a: Thue叩 単a湛nh va淡o mo辰t loa誰i ha淡ng ho湛a khi no湛 v旦担誰t qua bie但n gi担湛i quo叩c gia; Thu畉 xu畉t kh畉u: thu畉 単a湛nh va淡o ha淡ng ho湛a xua叩t. Thue叩 nha辰p kha奪u: thue叩 単a湛nh va淡o ha淡ng ho湛a nha辰p. b) Mu誰c 単鱈ch cu短a thue叩 nha辰p kha奪u Ba短o ve辰 nen sa短n xua叩t no辰i 単嘆a; Ta誰o nguon thu cho nga但n sa湛ch.
  • 9. II. RAO THNG CAN TRONG NGOAI 4. Ha誰n nga誰ch nha辰p kha奪u a) 嘆nh ngh坦a: Qui 単嘆nh l旦担誰ng ha淡ng to叩i 単a co湛 the奪 単旦担誰c nha辰p va淡o trong n旦担湛c; b) Mu誰c 単鱈ch: ba短o ve辰 nen sa短n xua叩t no辰i 単嘆a; (kho但ng ta誰o nguon thu cho nga但n sa湛ch).
  • 10. II. RAO THNG CAN TRONG NGOAI 5. Ta湛c 単o辰ng cu短a ra淡o ca短n ngoa誰i th旦担ng 単e叩n nen kinh te叩 So sa湛nh gi旦探a hai 単ieu kie辰n: (1) co湛 s旦誰 hie辰n die辰n cu短a t旦誰 do ngoa誰i th旦担ng; va淡 (2) co湛 can thie辰p cu短a nha淡 n旦担湛c ba竪ng ca湛c ra淡o ca短n kha湛c nhau
  • 11. H狸nh. Ta湛c 単o辰ng cu短a thue叩 nha辰p kha奪u 単e叩n nen kinh te叩 P S D p0 Pw + t Pw 0 a c b d Q q1 q3 q0 q4 q2
  • 12. H狸nh. Ta湛c 単o辰ng cu短a quota nha辰p kha奪u 単e叩n nen kinh te叩 P S D p0 P1 Pw 0 a c b d Q q1 q3 q0 q4 q2
  • 13. III. CNG C畛 PHN TCH CHNH SCH 1) H畛 s畛 b畉o h畛 danh ngh挑a (NPC) NPC = Pid/Pib Trong 単o湛: Pid = gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a cu短a ha淡ng ho湛a; Pib = gia湛 quo叩c te叩 cu短a ha淡ng ho湛a; i = ma谷t ha淡ng i. NPC > 1, ch鱈nh sa湛ch gia湛 ca短 cu短a nha淡 n旦担湛c ba短o ve辰 ng旦担淡i sa短n xua叩t trong n旦担湛c. NPC < 1, ch鱈nh sa湛ch gia湛 ca短 cu短a nha淡 n旦担湛c ba短o ve辰 ng旦担淡i tie但u du淡ng.
  • 14. So叩 lie辰u ve NPC cu短a ga誰o ta誰i Vie辰t Nam, 1992. Khoa短n mu誰c Ga誰o 5% Gia湛 FOB, tha淡nh pho叩 Ho 油 Ch鱈 Minh T鱈nh ba竪ng USD T鱈nh ba竪ng nga淡n 単ong/ta叩n1 Chi ph鱈 xua叩t kha奪u (単ong/kg)2 Gia湛 xua叩t kha奪u t旦担ng 単旦担ng (単ong/kg)3 Gia湛 ga誰o (ba湛n buo但n) (単ong/kg) 1 250 2800 172 2628 1981 T脱 gia湛 ho叩i 単oa湛i: USD 1 = VND 11,200. Chi ph鱈 xua叩t kha奪u = chi ph鱈 co湛 lie但n quan 単e叩n vie辰c xua叩t kha奪u ga誰o t旦淡 th嘆 tr旦担淡ng ba湛n buo但n 単e叩n ca短ng xua叩t. 2 3 Gia湛 xua叩t kha奪u t旦担ng 単旦担ng = gia湛 FOB chi ph鱈 xua叩t kha奪u.
  • 15. 2) H畛 s畛 b畉o h畛 th畛c t畉 (EPC) EPC = Vad/Vab Vad = gia湛 tr嘆 gia ta棚ng cu短a sa短n pha奪m t鱈nh theo gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a (= gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a cu短a sa短n pha奪m gia湛 tr嘆 cu短a 単au va淡o mua ngoa淡i t鱈nh theo gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a) Vab = gia湛 tr嘆 gia ta棚ng cu短a sa短n pha奪m t鱈nh theo gia湛 th畉 gi畛i (= gia湛 th畉 gi畛i cu短a sa短n pha奪m gia湛 tr嘆 cu短a 単au va淡o mua ngoa淡i t鱈nh theo gia湛 th畉 gi畛i. EPC > 1: ng旦担淡i sa短n xua叩t 単旦担誰c h旦担短ng l担誰i t旦淡 ch鱈nh sa湛ch ba短o ho辰 cu短a nha淡 n旦担湛c. EPC < 1: ng旦担淡i sa短n xua叩t b嘆 thie辰t ha誰i do
  • 16. So叩 lie辰u ve EPC 単o叩i v担湛i ga誰o 5% cu短a Vie辰t Nam, 1992. Khoa短n mu誰c Gia湛 no辰i 単嘆a (単ong/kg) Gia湛 th畉 gi畛 i (単ong/kg) Gia湛 tr嘆 sa短n 1981 2628 pha奪m Gia湛 tr嘆 単au 416 422 va淡o mua ngoa淡i Gia湛 tr嘆 gia 1565 2186 ta棚ng cu短a EPC = 1565 / 2186 = 0.716 < 1 sa短n pha奪m