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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
CH働NG 2
KEO T畛 T畉O BNG
TRONG X畛 L N働畛C
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
KEO T畛 TRONG X畛 L N働畛C C畉P
 Trong n動畛c t畛n t畉i nhi畛u ch畉t l董 l畛ng kh叩c nhau. C叩c
ch畉t ny c坦 th畛 d湛ng ph動董ng ph叩p x畛 l箪 kh叩c nhau
t湛y vo k鱈ch th動畛c c畛a ch炭ng:
 d > 10-4 mm : d湛ng ph動董ng ph叩p l畉ng l畛c.
 d < 10-4 mm : ph畉i k畉t h畛p ph動董ng ph叩p c董 h畛c c湛ng
ph動董ng ph叩p ho叩 h畛c. T畛c l cho vo c叩c ch畉t t畉o kh畉 nng
d鱈nh k畉t k辿o c叩c h畉t l董 l畛ng l畉ng theo => g畛i l ph動董ng
ph叩p keo t畛 trong x畛 l箪 n動畛c. 畛 th畛c hi畛n qu叩 tr狸nh ny
ng動畛i ta cho vo n動畛c c叩c ch畉t ph畉n 畛ng th鱈ch h畛p :
Al2(SO4)3; FeSO4; ho畉c FeCl3.
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
T畉p h畛p c叩c c畉n nh畛 thnh c畉n l畛n
d畛 t叩ch
M畛c 鱈ch cu畛i c湛ng l lo畉i b畛 c畉n
G畛m 2 qu叩 tr狸nh:
* Keo t畛 ph叩 v畛 tr畉ng th叩i b畛n c畛a
h畉t keo
* T畉o b担ng k畉t d鱈nh c叩c h畉t keo b畛
ph叩 b畛n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
C叩c i畛n t鱈ch ny ngn c畉n kh担ng cho ch炭ng va
ch畉m v ti畉p x炭c v畛i nhau lm cho dung d畛ch gi畛
動畛c tr畉ng th叩i 畛n 畛nh
L動畛ng Polymer(ph竪n) cho vo ph畉i v畛a 畛
kh担ng thi畉u c滴ng kh担ng th畛a
N畉u d動 th狸 l動畛ng Polymer tr棚n s畉 cu畛n l畉i t畉o
hi畛n t動董ng t叩i b畛n h畉t keo,lm cho n動畛c v畉n
畛c,kh担ng(k辿m) t畉o b担ng ho畉c t畉o ra s畉n ph畉m
ph畛 kh担ng mong mu畛n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
C叩c i畛n t鱈ch ny ngn c畉n kh担ng cho ch炭ng
va ch畉m v ti畉p x炭c v畛i nhau lm cho dung
d畛ch gi畛 動畛c tr畉ng th叩i 畛n 畛nh
L動畛ng Polymer(ph竪n) cho vo ph畉i v畛a 畛
kh担ng thi畉u c滴ng kh担ng th畛a
N畉u d動 th狸 l動畛ng Polymer tr棚n s畉 cu畛n l畉i t畉o
hi畛n t動董ng t叩i b畛n h畉t keo,lm cho n動畛c v畉n
畛c,kh担ng(k辿m) t畉o b担ng ho畉c t畉o ra s畉n
ph畉m ph畛 kh担ng mong mu畛n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
L動畛ng keo t畛 cho vo ph畉i v畛a 畛 t湛y
d畛a vo thi畉t b畛 畛nh l動畛ng ph竪n
Thi畉t b畛 ny s畉 t畛 畛ng i畛u ch畛nh
l動畛ng ph竪n cho vo t湛y theo n畛ng 畛
n動畛c c畉n x畛 l箪
畛i v畛i ch畉t keo t畛 l ph竪n c畉n 畉p
nh畛 tr動畛c khi 動a vo thi畉t b畛 畛nh l動畛ng
畛 動畛c h嘆a tan h嘆an ton
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
 Ph竪n nh担m: cho vo n動畛c ch炭ng ph但n ly thnh Al 3+
-------> Al(OH)3
Al 3+ + 3H2O == Al(OH)3 + 3H+
 畛 pH c畛a n動畛c 畉nh h動畛ng tr畛c ti畉p 畉n qu叩 tr狸nh thu畛
ph但n:
 pH < 4.5 : kh担ng x畉y ra qu叩 tr狸nh thu畛 ph但n.
 pH = 5.5  7.5 : 畉t t畛t nh畉t.
 pH > 7.5 : hi畛u qu畉 keo t畛 kh担ng t畛t.
 Nhi畛t 畛 c畛a n動畛c th鱈ch h畛p vo kho畉ng 20-40oC, t畛t nh畉t
35-40oC.
 Ngoi ra c叩c y畉u t畛 畉nh h動畛ng kh叩c nh動 : thnh ph畉n
Ion, ch畉t h畛u c董, li畛u l動畛ng
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
 Ph竪n s畉t : g畛m s畉t (II) v s畉t (III):
a. Ph竪n Fe (II) : khi cho ph竪n s畉t (II) vo n動畛c th狸
Fe(II) s畉 b畛 thu畛 ph但n thnh Fe(OH)2.
Fe2+ + 2H2O == Fe(OH)2 + 2H+
 Trong n動畛c c坦 O2 t畉o thnh Fe(OH)3
 pH th鱈ch h畛p l 8  9 => c坦 k畉t h畛p v畛i v担i th狸
keo t畛 t畛t h董n.
 Ph竪n FeSO4 k畛 thu畉t ch畛a 47-53% FeSO4.
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
b. Ph竪n Fe (III):
 Fe3+ + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3H+
 Ph畉n 畛ng x畉y ra khi pH > 3.5
 H狸nh thnh l畉ng nhanh khi pH =5.5 - 6.5
c. So s叩nh ph竪n s畉t v ph竪n nh担m:
 畛 ho tan Fe(OH)3 < Al(OH)3
 T畛 tr畛ng Fe(OH)3 = 1.5 Al(OH)3
 Tr畛ng l動畛ng 畛i v畛i Fe(OH)3 = 2.4; Al(OH)3 =3.6
 Keo s畉t v畉n l畉ng khi n動畛c c坦 鱈t huy畛n ph湛.
 L動畛ng ph竪n FeCl3 d湛ng = 1/3 1/2 ph竪n nh担m
 Ph竪n s畉t n m嘆n 動畛ng 畛ng.
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
Tuy nhi棚n vi畛c 畛ng d畛ng c畛 th畛 ph畉i x叩c 畛nh li畛u
l動畛ng v lo畉i ph竪n th鱈ch h畛p.
M畉c d湛 v畉y ch炭ng ta c坦 th畛 x叩c 畛nh theo ti棚u
chu畉n TCXD 33 1985 nh動 sau:
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
X畛 l箪 n動畛c 畛c
80 1302201 2500
80 1251801 2200
75 1151401 1800
65 1051001 1400
60 90801 1000
55 80601 800
45 70401 600
40 60201 400
30 45101 200
25 35< 100
Al2(SO4)3 khan (mg/l)Ha淡m l旦担誰ng ca谷n (mg/l)
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
X畛 l箪 n動畛c mu
L動畛ng ph竪n nh担m :
+ M: 畛 mu c畛a n動畛c
ngu畛n (Co pt)
MPAl 4=
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
X畛 l箪 n動畛c v畛a 畛c v畛a mu:
- Ta l畉y gi叩 tr畛 max { (1) v (2)}
- N畉u ta d湛ng ph竪n s畉t th狸 l畉y b畉ng 1/3 1/2 畛ng v畛i
nh担m.
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
CC Y畉U T畛 畉NH H働畛NG
pH: Ph畉i c坦 n畛ng 畛 pH th鱈ch h畛p 畛i v畛i t畛ng
ch畉t keo t畛 nh畉t 畛nh.C坦 畉nh h動畛ng r畉t l畛n 畉n
kh畉 nng t畉o b担ng
N畛ng 畛 ch畉t keo t畛 v畛a ph畉i kh担ng nhi畛u
c滴ng kh担ng 鱈t. Qu叩 鱈t hi畛u qu畉 t畉o b担ng kh担ng
t畛t. Qu叩 nhi畛u th狸 c叩c h畉t b担ng tr畛 v畛 tr畉ng th叩i
ban 畉u(c叩c h畉t keo l董 l畛ng)
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
CNG TRNH V NHI畛M V畛 C畛A N
Thi畉t b畛 畛nh l動畛ng ph竪n: T畛 i畛u ch畛nh th鱈ch
h畛p v畛i n畛ng 畛 t畛ng lo畉i n動畛c th畉i
Th湛ng h嘆a tr畛n(b畛 h嘆a tr畛n ph竪n): Tr畛n ph竪n
v畛i n動畛c
th湛ng ti棚u th畛: Pha lo達ng theo n畛ng 畛 th鱈ch
h畛p
Th湛ng ph畉n 畛ng(b畛 ph畉n 畛ng):T畉o ra S畛 ti畉p
x炭c gi畛a ion(+),ion(-)trong n動畛c th畉i v ph竪n
畛 t畉o b担ng
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
THI畉T B畛 TR畛N
Tr畛n th畛y l畛c:Nh畛 thay 畛i h動畛ng chuy畛n
畛ng v v畉n t畛c d嘆ng n動畛c
Tr畛n c董 kh鱈:Nh畛 c叩nh khu畉y tr畛n(th動畛ng hay
動畛c s畛 d畛ng)
Tr畛n kh鱈 n辿n: 動a vo 畛ng khu畉ch t叩n v n畛i
tr棚n m畉t n動畛c t畉o n棚n s畛 x叩o tr畛n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
THI畉T B畛 PH畉N 畛NG (b畛 ph畉n 畛ng)
 L n董i t畉o t畛a b担ng. 坦
l n董i c叩c ion tr叩i d畉u
ti畉p x炭c ph畉n 畛ng v畛i
nhau h狸nh thnh c叩c h畉t
b担ng c坦 k鱈ch th動畛c l畛n
d畛 l畉ng h董n nh畛 ch畉t
keo t畛 v tr畛 keo t畛
 B畛 ph畉n 畛ng xo叩y h狸nh
c担n(h狸nh ph畛u)
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
CH畉T TR畛 KEO T畛
Tng c動畛ng hi畛u qu畉 keo t畛
H畉 th畉p li畛u l動畛ng ch畉t keo t畛
Gi畉m th畛i gian 担ng t畛
N但ng cao t畛c 畛 l畉ng c畛a b担ng keo
L lo畉i Polymer t畛ng h畛p,ph但n nh叩nh KLPT
l畛n
Ch畛c nng l c畉u n畛i c叩c h畉t
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n
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  • 1. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n CH働NG 2 KEO T畛 T畉O BNG TRONG X畛 L N働畛C PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 2. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n KEO T畛 TRONG X畛 L N働畛C C畉P Trong n動畛c t畛n t畉i nhi畛u ch畉t l董 l畛ng kh叩c nhau. C叩c ch畉t ny c坦 th畛 d湛ng ph動董ng ph叩p x畛 l箪 kh叩c nhau t湛y vo k鱈ch th動畛c c畛a ch炭ng: d > 10-4 mm : d湛ng ph動董ng ph叩p l畉ng l畛c. d < 10-4 mm : ph畉i k畉t h畛p ph動董ng ph叩p c董 h畛c c湛ng ph動董ng ph叩p ho叩 h畛c. T畛c l cho vo c叩c ch畉t t畉o kh畉 nng d鱈nh k畉t k辿o c叩c h畉t l董 l畛ng l畉ng theo => g畛i l ph動董ng ph叩p keo t畛 trong x畛 l箪 n動畛c. 畛 th畛c hi畛n qu叩 tr狸nh ny ng動畛i ta cho vo n動畛c c叩c ch畉t ph畉n 畛ng th鱈ch h畛p : Al2(SO4)3; FeSO4; ho畉c FeCl3. PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 3. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n T畉p h畛p c叩c c畉n nh畛 thnh c畉n l畛n d畛 t叩ch M畛c 鱈ch cu畛i c湛ng l lo畉i b畛 c畉n G畛m 2 qu叩 tr狸nh: * Keo t畛 ph叩 v畛 tr畉ng th叩i b畛n c畛a h畉t keo * T畉o b担ng k畉t d鱈nh c叩c h畉t keo b畛 ph叩 b畛n PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
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  • 8. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n C叩c i畛n t鱈ch ny ngn c畉n kh担ng cho ch炭ng va ch畉m v ti畉p x炭c v畛i nhau lm cho dung d畛ch gi畛 動畛c tr畉ng th叩i 畛n 畛nh L動畛ng Polymer(ph竪n) cho vo ph畉i v畛a 畛 kh担ng thi畉u c滴ng kh担ng th畛a N畉u d動 th狸 l動畛ng Polymer tr棚n s畉 cu畛n l畉i t畉o hi畛n t動董ng t叩i b畛n h畉t keo,lm cho n動畛c v畉n 畛c,kh担ng(k辿m) t畉o b担ng ho畉c t畉o ra s畉n ph畉m ph畛 kh担ng mong mu畛n PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
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  • 10. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n L動畛ng keo t畛 cho vo ph畉i v畛a 畛 t湛y d畛a vo thi畉t b畛 畛nh l動畛ng ph竪n Thi畉t b畛 ny s畉 t畛 畛ng i畛u ch畛nh l動畛ng ph竪n cho vo t湛y theo n畛ng 畛 n動畛c c畉n x畛 l箪 畛i v畛i ch畉t keo t畛 l ph竪n c畉n 畉p nh畛 tr動畛c khi 動a vo thi畉t b畛 畛nh l動畛ng 畛 動畛c h嘆a tan h嘆an ton PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 11. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n Ph竪n nh担m: cho vo n動畛c ch炭ng ph但n ly thnh Al 3+ -------> Al(OH)3 Al 3+ + 3H2O == Al(OH)3 + 3H+ 畛 pH c畛a n動畛c 畉nh h動畛ng tr畛c ti畉p 畉n qu叩 tr狸nh thu畛 ph但n: pH < 4.5 : kh担ng x畉y ra qu叩 tr狸nh thu畛 ph但n. pH = 5.5 7.5 : 畉t t畛t nh畉t. pH > 7.5 : hi畛u qu畉 keo t畛 kh担ng t畛t. Nhi畛t 畛 c畛a n動畛c th鱈ch h畛p vo kho畉ng 20-40oC, t畛t nh畉t 35-40oC. Ngoi ra c叩c y畉u t畛 畉nh h動畛ng kh叩c nh動 : thnh ph畉n Ion, ch畉t h畛u c董, li畛u l動畛ng PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 12. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n Ph竪n s畉t : g畛m s畉t (II) v s畉t (III): a. Ph竪n Fe (II) : khi cho ph竪n s畉t (II) vo n動畛c th狸 Fe(II) s畉 b畛 thu畛 ph但n thnh Fe(OH)2. Fe2+ + 2H2O == Fe(OH)2 + 2H+ Trong n動畛c c坦 O2 t畉o thnh Fe(OH)3 pH th鱈ch h畛p l 8 9 => c坦 k畉t h畛p v畛i v担i th狸 keo t畛 t畛t h董n. Ph竪n FeSO4 k畛 thu畉t ch畛a 47-53% FeSO4. PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 13. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n b. Ph竪n Fe (III): Fe3+ + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ Ph畉n 畛ng x畉y ra khi pH > 3.5 H狸nh thnh l畉ng nhanh khi pH =5.5 - 6.5 c. So s叩nh ph竪n s畉t v ph竪n nh担m: 畛 ho tan Fe(OH)3 < Al(OH)3 T畛 tr畛ng Fe(OH)3 = 1.5 Al(OH)3 Tr畛ng l動畛ng 畛i v畛i Fe(OH)3 = 2.4; Al(OH)3 =3.6 Keo s畉t v畉n l畉ng khi n動畛c c坦 鱈t huy畛n ph湛. L動畛ng ph竪n FeCl3 d湛ng = 1/3 1/2 ph竪n nh担m Ph竪n s畉t n m嘆n 動畛ng 畛ng. PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 14. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n Tuy nhi棚n vi畛c 畛ng d畛ng c畛 th畛 ph畉i x叩c 畛nh li畛u l動畛ng v lo畉i ph竪n th鱈ch h畛p. M畉c d湛 v畉y ch炭ng ta c坦 th畛 x叩c 畛nh theo ti棚u chu畉n TCXD 33 1985 nh動 sau: PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 15. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n X畛 l箪 n動畛c 畛c 80 1302201 2500 80 1251801 2200 75 1151401 1800 65 1051001 1400 60 90801 1000 55 80601 800 45 70401 600 40 60201 400 30 45101 200 25 35< 100 Al2(SO4)3 khan (mg/l)Ha淡m l旦担誰ng ca谷n (mg/l) PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 16. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n X畛 l箪 n動畛c mu L動畛ng ph竪n nh担m : + M: 畛 mu c畛a n動畛c ngu畛n (Co pt) MPAl 4= PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 17. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n X畛 l箪 n動畛c v畛a 畛c v畛a mu: - Ta l畉y gi叩 tr畛 max { (1) v (2)} - N畉u ta d湛ng ph竪n s畉t th狸 l畉y b畉ng 1/3 1/2 畛ng v畛i nh担m. PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 18. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n CC Y畉U T畛 畉NH H働畛NG pH: Ph畉i c坦 n畛ng 畛 pH th鱈ch h畛p 畛i v畛i t畛ng ch畉t keo t畛 nh畉t 畛nh.C坦 畉nh h動畛ng r畉t l畛n 畉n kh畉 nng t畉o b担ng N畛ng 畛 ch畉t keo t畛 v畛a ph畉i kh担ng nhi畛u c滴ng kh担ng 鱈t. Qu叩 鱈t hi畛u qu畉 t畉o b担ng kh担ng t畛t. Qu叩 nhi畛u th狸 c叩c h畉t b担ng tr畛 v畛 tr畉ng th叩i ban 畉u(c叩c h畉t keo l董 l畛ng) PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
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  • 20. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n CNG TRNH V NHI畛M V畛 C畛A N Thi畉t b畛 畛nh l動畛ng ph竪n: T畛 i畛u ch畛nh th鱈ch h畛p v畛i n畛ng 畛 t畛ng lo畉i n動畛c th畉i Th湛ng h嘆a tr畛n(b畛 h嘆a tr畛n ph竪n): Tr畛n ph竪n v畛i n動畛c th湛ng ti棚u th畛: Pha lo達ng theo n畛ng 畛 th鱈ch h畛p Th湛ng ph畉n 畛ng(b畛 ph畉n 畛ng):T畉o ra S畛 ti畉p x炭c gi畛a ion(+),ion(-)trong n動畛c th畉i v ph竪n 畛 t畉o b担ng PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
  • 21. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n THI畉T B畛 TR畛N Tr畛n th畛y l畛c:Nh畛 thay 畛i h動畛ng chuy畛n 畛ng v v畉n t畛c d嘆ng n動畛c Tr畛n c董 kh鱈:Nh畛 c叩nh khu畉y tr畛n(th動畛ng hay 動畛c s畛 d畛ng) Tr畛n kh鱈 n辿n: 動a vo 畛ng khu畉ch t叩n v n畛i tr棚n m畉t n動畛c t畉o n棚n s畛 x叩o tr畛n PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
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  • 29. Th畉c s畛 L但m V畛nh S董n THI畉T B畛 PH畉N 畛NG (b畛 ph畉n 畛ng) L n董i t畉o t畛a b担ng. 坦 l n董i c叩c ion tr叩i d畉u ti畉p x炭c ph畉n 畛ng v畛i nhau h狸nh thnh c叩c h畉t b担ng c坦 k鱈ch th動畛c l畛n d畛 l畉ng h董n nh畛 ch畉t keo t畛 v tr畛 keo t畛 B畛 ph畉n 畛ng xo叩y h狸nh c担n(h狸nh ph畛u) PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
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