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CITATIONS
Definition:
A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain
material in your work came from another source. It also
gives your readers the information necessary to find
that source again, including: information about the
author. the title of the work.
Why It Matters:
Citation is important because it shows that you obtained
information or ideas from another source, such as a textbook,
website, or research article. By failing to cite, you are falsely
portraying someone else's ideas as your own; this is considered
plagiarism, which is a form of cheating.
Citation Core Elements
The core elements of any citation are listed
below. Please visit the pages dedicated to
each element to learn more.
Author
Title of source
Title of container
Other contributors
Version
Number
Publisher
Publication date
Location
How to list authors
One author
Last name, first name.
Example: Angelou, Maya.
Two authors
Last name, first name, and First name Last name. (Order as listed on the source.)
Example: Kilmeade, Brian, and Don Yaeger.
Three or more authors
Last name, first name, et al. (Include the name of the first author listed. Et al means
"and others.")
Gouveia, Sidney, et al.
No author/creator listed
Skip this part of the citation and start with the
title of the source. Do not list the author as
"Anonymous."
Whether a title is in quotes or italics depends on whether the title
is part of a larger work.
A source that is contained within a larger work, such as an article
from a magazine, appears in quotes and is followed by a period.
"Containers," that is self-contained sources, such as a printed
book, will be listed in italics and followed by a comma.
Newspaper/Magazine-Container
(Italics) followed by Comma
Article/Poem (within quotes
followed by period)
Quotes or Italics?
Title in "Quotes" Title in Italics
Article Magazine
Chapter of a book Book
Poem Book of poetry
Video Website
Song Album
Image of a work of art Art museum website
PDF of an online document Website
Regardless of the format of the source (e. g. book, article, online video) you will
determine these elements and put them together according to the MLA
citation template.
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Citations For Resources Education Definitions for IB Schools

  • 2. Definition: A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including: information about the author. the title of the work.
  • 3. Why It Matters: Citation is important because it shows that you obtained information or ideas from another source, such as a textbook, website, or research article. By failing to cite, you are falsely portraying someone else's ideas as your own; this is considered plagiarism, which is a form of cheating.
  • 4. Citation Core Elements The core elements of any citation are listed below. Please visit the pages dedicated to each element to learn more. Author Title of source Title of container Other contributors Version Number Publisher Publication date Location
  • 5. How to list authors One author Last name, first name. Example: Angelou, Maya. Two authors Last name, first name, and First name Last name. (Order as listed on the source.) Example: Kilmeade, Brian, and Don Yaeger. Three or more authors Last name, first name, et al. (Include the name of the first author listed. Et al means "and others.") Gouveia, Sidney, et al. No author/creator listed Skip this part of the citation and start with the title of the source. Do not list the author as "Anonymous."
  • 6. Whether a title is in quotes or italics depends on whether the title is part of a larger work. A source that is contained within a larger work, such as an article from a magazine, appears in quotes and is followed by a period. "Containers," that is self-contained sources, such as a printed book, will be listed in italics and followed by a comma. Newspaper/Magazine-Container (Italics) followed by Comma Article/Poem (within quotes followed by period) Quotes or Italics?
  • 7. Title in "Quotes" Title in Italics Article Magazine Chapter of a book Book Poem Book of poetry Video Website Song Album Image of a work of art Art museum website PDF of an online document Website
  • 8. Regardless of the format of the source (e. g. book, article, online video) you will determine these elements and put them together according to the MLA citation template.