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Class narrative tenses
PRESENT PERFECT
When we talk about something that
happened in the past, but we don't
specify precisely when it
happened
EXAMPLES
 I have complained about the traffic before.
 I've washed my hands so that I can help you
with the cooking.
 A French yachtsman has broken the record
for sailing round the world.
STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
 They have just arrived.
 They've already arrived.
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
 I haven't told him yet.
QUESTION
 Has Linda started her new job yet?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We use the present perfect continuous to talk
about a situation or activity that started in the
past and has been in progress for a period until
now or it may just have stopped.
EXAMPLES
 The competition has been running every
year since 1980.
 She's been living in New Zealand for over
a year now.
 he's been working in Germany.
STRUCTURE
Positivo
Sujeto+ have/has + been + VP terminado en "ing". You have been
working.
Negativo
Sujeto + have/has +not+ been+ VP terminado en"ing".You have not
(haven't) been working.
Pregunta
Have/has+ Sujeto+ been+ VP terminado en "ing"+? Have you been
working?
AFFIRMATIVE
 The guests have been arriving since about 6
o'clock.
 She's been driving for 3 years now.
NEGATIVE
 George hasn卒t been felling very well lately.
QUESTION
 have you been crying?
PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect to talk about a past
situation or activity that took place before
another past situation or activity, or before a
particular time in the past.
EXAMPLES
 I had gone to bed when the phone rang.
 When he stopped laughing, everyone had
left.
 I had wanted to visit the gallery before I
left Florence.
STRUCTURE
Positivo Sujeto + had + Participio. You had read.
Negativo Sujeto + had +not + Participio. You had not (hadn't) read.
Pregunta Had+ Sujeto+ Participio+? Had you read?
AFFIRMATIVE
 When I arrived at the party, Tom had gone
home.
NEGATIVE
 The house was dirty. We hadn卒t cleaned it for
weeks.
QUESTION
 Had they drunk all night?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We use the past perfect continuous when we
talk about a situation or activity that happened
over a period up to a particular past time, or
until shortly before it.
STRUCTURE
Positivo Sujeto+ had + been + VP terminado en "ing". You had been working.
Negativo
Sujeto + had +not+ been+ VP terminado en"ing".You had not (hadn't)
been working.
Pregunta Had+ Sujeto+ been+ VP terminado en "ing"+? Had you been working?
AFFIRMATIVE
 Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally
gave it up.
 I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been
working hard all day.
NEGATIVE
 Mason was arrested, even though he hadn't been
doing anything illegal.
QUESTION
 How long had you been waiting when the bus
finally came?
NARRATIVES AND STORIES
The Purpose is to entertain, motivate or teach
and they are full of imagination and fantasy.
Often use past tenses to narrate them.
PARTS OF A STORY
 CHARACTER: A person, animal or imaginary
creature in your story.
 SETTING: This is where and when your
story takes place.
PLOT
 The Beginning
 Introduction of the Problem or Conflict
 Climax: The High Point
 Resolution: The End
Marsha and Felix
Marsha and Felix got married
one Saturday in June. They
had met only one week
earlier at a party and had
fallen passionately in love.
Marsha rang and told her
parents her news after the
wedding, when Felix had
moved into her flat.
They were surprised and
angry. Unfortunately, after a
few months, their marriage
started to go wrong. Felix had
met another woman.
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Class narrative tenses

  • 2. PRESENT PERFECT When we talk about something that happened in the past, but we don't specify precisely when it happened
  • 3. EXAMPLES I have complained about the traffic before. I've washed my hands so that I can help you with the cooking. A French yachtsman has broken the record for sailing round the world.
  • 5. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE They have just arrived. They've already arrived. NEGATIVE SENTENCE I haven't told him yet. QUESTION Has Linda started her new job yet?
  • 6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS We use the present perfect continuous to talk about a situation or activity that started in the past and has been in progress for a period until now or it may just have stopped.
  • 7. EXAMPLES The competition has been running every year since 1980. She's been living in New Zealand for over a year now. he's been working in Germany.
  • 8. STRUCTURE Positivo Sujeto+ have/has + been + VP terminado en "ing". You have been working. Negativo Sujeto + have/has +not+ been+ VP terminado en"ing".You have not (haven't) been working. Pregunta Have/has+ Sujeto+ been+ VP terminado en "ing"+? Have you been working?
  • 9. AFFIRMATIVE The guests have been arriving since about 6 o'clock. She's been driving for 3 years now. NEGATIVE George hasn卒t been felling very well lately. QUESTION have you been crying?
  • 10. PAST PERFECT We use the past perfect to talk about a past situation or activity that took place before another past situation or activity, or before a particular time in the past.
  • 11. EXAMPLES I had gone to bed when the phone rang. When he stopped laughing, everyone had left. I had wanted to visit the gallery before I left Florence.
  • 12. STRUCTURE Positivo Sujeto + had + Participio. You had read. Negativo Sujeto + had +not + Participio. You had not (hadn't) read. Pregunta Had+ Sujeto+ Participio+? Had you read?
  • 13. AFFIRMATIVE When I arrived at the party, Tom had gone home. NEGATIVE The house was dirty. We hadn卒t cleaned it for weeks. QUESTION Had they drunk all night?
  • 14. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS We use the past perfect continuous when we talk about a situation or activity that happened over a period up to a particular past time, or until shortly before it.
  • 15. STRUCTURE Positivo Sujeto+ had + been + VP terminado en "ing". You had been working. Negativo Sujeto + had +not+ been+ VP terminado en"ing".You had not (hadn't) been working. Pregunta Had+ Sujeto+ been+ VP terminado en "ing"+? Had you been working?
  • 16. AFFIRMATIVE Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up. I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day. NEGATIVE Mason was arrested, even though he hadn't been doing anything illegal. QUESTION How long had you been waiting when the bus finally came?
  • 17. NARRATIVES AND STORIES The Purpose is to entertain, motivate or teach and they are full of imagination and fantasy. Often use past tenses to narrate them.
  • 18. PARTS OF A STORY CHARACTER: A person, animal or imaginary creature in your story.
  • 19. SETTING: This is where and when your story takes place.
  • 20. PLOT The Beginning Introduction of the Problem or Conflict Climax: The High Point Resolution: The End
  • 22. Marsha and Felix got married one Saturday in June. They had met only one week earlier at a party and had fallen passionately in love. Marsha rang and told her parents her news after the wedding, when Felix had moved into her flat. They were surprised and angry. Unfortunately, after a few months, their marriage started to go wrong. Felix had met another woman.