1. All operatione ere perfotmed hlenually :
Man Conttolled
All Operations are performed
automaticelly: Computer Couttolled
Production Time Very High: Dne tri lot
of time wnstagen during opecuti
Productiou Time qiiite low: dne to
removal of inefiicieot time eucii ss:
repeated meastiremen Chip removal,
Tool change over etc.
Acciimcy Depends on Human Accuzacy doesn't depcads oa Humaa
skill and hence unskilled person can aleo
operete the machine once machine
setting is over.
Consistency in the quality of products
cannot be achieved.
Yields consisteni quality products.
Complicated prof4e mahining vezy
difEcelt to mqchine at even sometimcs
impossible ta mutdzc.
Can easily be machined because the
movements of the machine is conttulled
by o program.
Introduction
Difference Between Conventional & CNC M/cing
2. Very low flexibility or adaptability of new
compouen*sormod5cmMne
High flexibility for new components or
modifications.
Workpieee clamping and tool mounting
methods quite slow in operation.
Mochanicsd eyeteme are commonly used.
Quiek aeting wotkpiece elamping and
tool mounting methods adopted auch
aa hydrsutic end pne tmatie ayatema.
Not paasible. Consiatency in the cyle time of pzaduct
Manufactuzing eost quite 転zigh. As q whole maaufacture of preducts at 束
reduced cost is possible.
Low initial investments High initial inveetments
One person can operate only one
Machine ut a time
One person can operate more than one
euch machines ai a iime
3. DiCerence Between I>ithe & Stilling
Lathe
Two axis Machine extendable to $-
Generally
genemted.
Principal Motions:
Lon +u&nM (A) W Tmnsveme
mve!oSToo!
Rotational Motion of Workpiece about
Z-axis
Single Point Cursing tools are used.
Consist of a turtet to accommodate
number of tools. Upon indexing the
turret the roofs are paeitioned to work
the w/p the
spindle.
Three Axis Machine extendable to 6-
axts.
贈lenerally flat or contoured surfaces are
generated.
Longitudinal (X), Transverse (Y) and
Vertical (Z) trnvel of Workpiece
RotRtiooal h4otion of Tool generally
Z-axis
Multiple point cutting tools are used.
Consists of a ATC to accommodate
number of tools. The tools are changed
really usin a different
mechanisms.
4. Lathe Milling
W/p ie clamped either on a chuck or
by a collect system.
W/p is clamped on the machine bed in
vise or ptoper fixturing arrangements.
May have more than one spindle for May have more than one pallets for
7. Ways of Machining
Conventional or Traditional
Numerical Control (NC)
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
8. Difficulties with Conventional System
Complex shapes are difficult to machine
Depends on the human skill
Frequent & repeated measurements are required
Difficult to achieve consistency in product quality
High Changeover Time
Less productive hours
More scrap is generated
9. Current arket Deman
High quality products
0 at 0 Lowest cost
0 in 0 Minimum time
0 with 0 wide range of variety
10. Parts of C/CNC Machine
_ _
I
ProgrammingUnit
I
I
.
I
I
I
Cjy
i
i
) Machi
ne Control Uni
t
.y
I
i
.
Machi
.
ne Tool Uni.
t
12. achine Control nit
Tape Reader
Data Buffer
Signal Output Channels to Machine Tool
Feedback channels from the Machine Tool
13. Machine Tool
Actuation System
Stepper motor/servomotor
Ball Screw & nut with support bearing
Feed back devices on closed loop system
Linear Bearing
Tool & Work handling Devices
Automatic Tool Changers (ATCs)
Turret Head
Automatic Pallet Changers
Hydraulic/Pneumatic Tool/Work Clamping System
14. Machine Tool
Actuation System
Stepper motor/servomotor
Ball Screw & nut with support bearing
Feed back devices on closed loop system
Linear Bearing
Tool & Work handling Devices
Automatic Tool Changers (ATCs)
Turret Head
Automatic Pallet Changers
Hydraulic/Pneumatic Tool/Work Clamping System
15. 2. Fundamental Principles
Coordinate System
Longitudinal Motion
Transverse Motion
DimensioningSystem
Absolute
Incremental
Mixed
Reference System
Machine Reference
Work Reference
16. Instruction or program
Introduction
N 10 G 00 X 50.0 Z 25.0 ;
Block No.
G 00
Address
Words End of Block
Data
Block
17. Fanuc Heidenhein
Program Logic & Structure for the both the eyeiome are aame only the writing format ia
Both uses G & M Codes for writing the pnogtems.
Standard alot milling, pocket
cycles not available.
milling Ttiene
cycles.
available 束e rim atandeid G-Code
Siondard functions for mirroring,
Corner wounding, corner chamfeziog etc
Standard
a able.
functions for mirroring etc are
Program number starts with the tetter Doesn't.
Requires block termination or end of
btock ' ; *
Doesn't
Requires '.' in the numerical
such as 20.1$ or 28.0
values doesn't
Compare & Contrast Fanuc & Heidenhain
18. Basic Program Structure
Working unit
Mm: G71
Inch: G70
Working Plane
XY: G17
ZX: G18
YZ: G19
Dimensioning method
Absolute: G90
Incremental: G91
34. &rifing Format
G達8 X
V'here, X is the name Gif 脱x狸s 狸n which mirroring wil狸 take place
%1010 G71
N05 G17 G90
N10 G17 G30 X-50 Y-50 Z-10
N20 G31 X+50 Y+50 Z+0
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+3
N40 T1 M06
N40 G40 G90
N50 S1500 M03
N60 G90 X+0 Y+0 Z+5
N70 G98 L150
N80 G00 X+10 Y+10
N82 G01 Z+5 F500
N85 G01 ZO F100
N90 G01 Z-1 F50
35. N100 G01 X+20 Y+10 F100
N110 G01 X+20 Y+15
N112 X15 Y15
N114 Y25
N116 X30
N118 Y30
N120 X10
N122 Y10
N124 G
O
OZ+5
N140 G98 LO
N150 G28 X L150
N160 G28 X Y L150
N170 G28 Y L150
N18O G
O
OZ+5
N200 M05 G
O
O220
N100 M30