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The document describes classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (NS) like a bell is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) like food, which elicits an unconditioned response (UR) like salivating. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus begins to elicit the unconditioned response on its own and becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that causes a conditioned response (CR) like salivation when heard alone. Classical conditioning is demonstrated through an experiment where a bell was paired with food to produce hunger in response to the bell over numerous trials.Read less