classification of Internal combustion engines
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This document discusses internal combustion engines. It describes the two main types as four-stroke and two-stroke engines, with two-stroke completing a cycle in one crankshaft revolution and four-stroke in two revolutions. The two types of internal combustion engines are also identified as petrol/gasoline engines which use a carburetor to mix fuel and air before ignition by a spark plug, and diesel engines which compress only air and inject fuel to ignite via compression heat. Key features of diesel engines are discussed as being eco-friendly with less carbon monoxide, more efficient fuel burning, durable requiring less maintenance, and compact with less noise. The basic working components and cycles of two-stroke engines are outlined.
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Before knowing about how the Petrol Engine works, let's first understand what an engine is. This is common for both petrol and diesel engines alike. An engine is a power generating machine which converts potential energy of the fuel into heat energy and then into motion. It produces power and also runs on its own power.
The engine generates its power by burning the fuel in a self-regulated and controlled Combustion process. The combustion process involves many sub-processes which burn the fuel efficiently and results in the smooth running of the engine.
These processes include:
The suction of air (also known as breathing or aspiration).
Mixing of the fuel with air after breaking the liquid fuel into highly atomized / mist form.
Igniting the air-fuel mixture with a spark (petrol engine).
Burning of highly atomized fuel particles which results in releasing / ejection of heat energy.
How does an Engine work?
The engine converts Heat Energy into Kinetic Energy in the form of Reciprocating Motion. The expansion of heated gases and their forces act on the engine pistons. The gases push the pistons downwards which results in reciprocating motion of pistons.
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A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
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- 1. AENG 251- Farm Power and Machinery Er. N. Hari Assistant professor Department of Agricultural Engineering Agricultural College, Aswaraopet PROF. JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030
- 2. classified in two types They are four stroke and two stroke engines. 1. When the cycle is completed in two revolutions of the crankshaft, it is called four stroke cycle engines. 2. When the cycle is completed in one revolution of the crankshaft, it is called two stroke cycle engines. classification of Internal combustion engines
- 3. I.C. engines are of two types: (i) Petrol engine (carburetor type, spark ignition engine), and (ii) diesel engine (compression ignition engine). Petrol engine: It is the engine, in which liquid fuel is atomized, vaporized and mixed with air in correct proportion before entering onto the engine cylinder during suction stroke. The fuel is ignited in the cylinder by an electric spark. Diesel engine: In this engine, during suction stroke, only air is entered into the cylinder and compressed. The fuel is injected through fuel injectors and ignited by heat of compression.
- 4. Eco-friendly: It is also known to be eco-friendly as it helps to shorten the amount of carbon monoxide released into the air. Efficient Properties: compared to other types of fuels diesel engine has a better burning properties. Durable: this engine requires less maintenance so it tends to last for a long period of time and this are also considerably durable compared to its counterparts. Less Noisy and Compact: This is another advantage of these engines because it is less noisy and compact in size. Features of Diesel Engine
- 5. Working components of I.C.Engine
- 6. Working of two stroke cycle engine
- 8. Scavenging: The process of removal of burnt or exhaust gases from the engine cylinder is known as scavenging. Entire burnt gases do not go out in normal stroke, hence some type of blower or compressor is used to remove the exhaust gases in two stroke cycle engine. When the piston is at the top of its stroke, it is said to be at the top dead centre (TDC). When the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, it is said to be at its bottom dead centre (BDC). In two stroke cycle engine.
- 14. Key points The pressure in the engine cylinder is less than atmospheric pressure during this stroke in Suction stroke Both valves are closed during this stroke in Compression stroke there is only one power stroke and three idle strokes. Scavenging: The process of removal of burnt or exhaust gases from the engine cylinder is known as scavenging. Thermal efficiency varies between 32 and 38% in Diesel engine Thermal efficiency varies between 25 and 32% in Petrol engine