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Clinical laboratory test

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vijay chauhan

THIS POWER POINT PRESENTATION IS EFFECTIVE IN SLIDE SHOW. THIS WILL INEFFECTIVE WITHOUT SLIDE SHOW. THIS POWER POINT PRESENTATION CONTAINS DETAIL, MECHANISM BEHIND THE CLINICAL LABORATORY TEST. IN THIS PRESENTATION MECHANISM OF LABORATORY TEST ARE DESCRIBE IN ANIMATED MANNER THAT OTHER EASILY UNDERSTOOD. THIS PRESENTATION CONTAINS VARIOUS TEST LIKE HEMATOLOGY TEST, LIVER FUNCTION TEST, KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST. TEST LIKE, BLEEDING TIME, CLOTTING TIME, PROTHROMBINE TIME, ESR, BUN, TRANSFERINE, FERITINE, AST, ALT, SGPT, SGOT, LIPID, GFR, INULINE TESTS ARE DESCRIBE IN ANIMATED MANNER.

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Clinical laboratory test
Clinical laboratory test
Clinical laboratory test
Clinical laboratory test
HAEMATOLOGY TESTS LIVER FUNCTION TESTS KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS CARDIAC MARKERS GTU QUESTIONS REFERENCES FLOW OF PRSENTATION
Clinical laboratory test
Clinical laboratory test
BLOOD TESTS Bleeding time : <8 minutes Cloting time : 1-3 minutes Prothrombine time: 8.5-10.5 seconds CAPILLARY PLATELETS THROMBOCYTOPENIA PLATELET DYSFUNCTION BLEEDING TIME INCREASE OTHER CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BLEEDING TIME NSAIDS ANTI-COAGULANTS CAPILLARY INJURY TISSUE FACTORE ACTIVATED X Ca+2 PROTHROMBINASE FACTORE V Ca+2 THROMBIN PROTHROMBIN FIBRINOGEN FIBRIN PROTHROMBINE TIME INCREASES WARFARIN DIMINISHES CLOTTING FACTORS DUE TO LIVER DISEASE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY CLOTTING TIME UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN THERAPY FACTOR DEFICIENCY
Clinical laboratory test
BLOOD TESTS MCV : 80-101 fl MCHC : 31.5-34.5 mg/dl MCV : MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME NORMOCYTES MACROCYTES MICROCYTES MCHC : MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT NORMOCHROMIC MACROCHROMIC MICROCHROMICMCV NORMOCHROMIC MACROCHROMIC MICROCHROMIC NORMOCYTES MACROCYTESMICROCYTES MCHC
Clinical laboratory test
ESR: ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE AFFECT BY: IMMUNOGLOBULINS FIBRINOGEN INDICATION OF INFLAMMATION APPLICATION: UNEXPECTED FEVER ARTHRITIS MUSCLE SYMPTOMS ESR : 0.10 mm/hr BUN: 7-21 mg/dL TRANSFERRIN : 1.7/3.4 gm/L FERITIN : 30-400 ng/ml BLOOD TESTS
CHOLESTEROL : 160-200 mg/dL TRIGLYCERIDES : 50-150 mg/dL GLYCOSYLATED Hb : 5-6.5 % FASTING BLOOD SUGAR : 3.3-6 mmol/L PO2 : 8-10 mmHg PCO2 : 35-45 mmHg OTHER BLOOD TESTS
Clinical laboratory test
URINE ANALYSIS Colour Odour Volume Specific gravity
BLOOD EXAMINATION BUN : 7-21 mg/dl URIC ACID : 3.7-7 mg/dl Serum Creatinine : 0.8-1.3 mg/dl (men), 0.6-1 mg/dl (women) URIC ACID PURINES LIVER AND INTESTINE URIC ACID 65 % KIDNEY EXCRETION INTESTINEINDICATION: RENAL FAILURE RENAL DISEASES GOUT CREATININE KIDNEY ARGININE GLYCINE GUANIDINO ACETATE CREATININE LIVER MUSCLE PHOSPHOCREATININE CREATININE MUSCLE LOW SERUM CREATININE: LOW MUSCLE MASS HIGH SERUM CREATININE: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE KIDNEY
Creatinine clearance = (140-age)*weight in kg/ s.creatinine*72 GFR MEASUREMENT CREATININE KIDNEY FILTERED BY CAPSULE NOT ABSORB OR NOT SECRETED BY ANY OTHER PART OF NEPHRONE
GFR MEASUREMENT INULINE: C = -------- U*V P C = clearance. U = urinary concentration V = plasma concentration P = urine volume KIDNEY FILTERED BY CAPSULE NOT ABSORB OR NOT SECRETED BY ANY OTHER PART OF NEPHRONE KNOWN CONC. OF INULINE IS GIVEN IV ROUTE
Clinical laboratory test
SPLEEN SPLEEN SPLEEN SPLEEN SPLEEN SPLEEN BILIVERDIN BILIRUBIN BLOOD VESSELS A A A AA A LIVER BLOOD SINUSOIDAL MEMBRANE HEPATOCYTES AA A SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM U U INTESTINE STOOL PIGMENT RBC BILIRUBIN
LIPIDS LIVER INJURY PGA index Prothrombine time 粒- glutamyl transferase Apo1-A protein ALCOHOL Cholesterol Acyltransferase Lipoprotein lipases CHOLESTIC Lipoprotein X
BLOOD SINUSOIDAL MEMBRANE HEPATOCYTES SOIDAL MEMBRANE ATOCYTES AST ALT ALT AST HEPATOCELLULAR INJURY ALCOHOLIC INDUCED INJURY HEPATITIS AST/ALT
AST/ALT AMINO ACIDS GLUTAMATE KETOACIDS VIT. B6 ALCOHOL
ALBUMIN SYNTHESIZED IN THE LIVER MOST ABUNDANT PROTEIN WATER SOLUBLE DECREASED PRODUCTION (MAL NUTRITION, LOW PROTEIN DIET) CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER EXCESS EXCRETION BY KIDNEY PROLONGE DIARHHOEA
CARDIAC MARKER TROPONIN COMPLEX OF THREE PROTEINS TROPOMYOSIN SUBUNIT+ INHIBITORY SUBUNIT+ CALCIUM BINDING SUBUNIT CA+2 ACTIN + MYOSININ CARDIAC MYOCYTES THIS PROTEIN BOUND TO MUSCLE FIBRES SO, MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION ITS RELEASED WITHIN 24 HOURS
REFERENCES Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan Derrickson. Principle of anatomy and physiology. 12TH Edition. Roger walker. clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 5TH Edition. Emedicine.Medscape.com
GTU QUESTIONS DISCRIBE LIVER FUNCTION TESTS. CLASSIFY ANEMIA. DISCRIBE VARIOUS HAEMATOLOGICAL TESTS
Clinical laboratory test

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Clinical laboratory test

  • 5. HAEMATOLOGY TESTS LIVER FUNCTION TESTS KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS CARDIAC MARKERS GTU QUESTIONS REFERENCES FLOW OF PRSENTATION
  • 8. BLOOD TESTS Bleeding time : <8 minutes Cloting time : 1-3 minutes Prothrombine time: 8.5-10.5 seconds CAPILLARY PLATELETS THROMBOCYTOPENIA PLATELET DYSFUNCTION BLEEDING TIME INCREASE OTHER CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BLEEDING TIME NSAIDS ANTI-COAGULANTS CAPILLARY INJURY TISSUE FACTORE ACTIVATED X Ca+2 PROTHROMBINASE FACTORE V Ca+2 THROMBIN PROTHROMBIN FIBRINOGEN FIBRIN PROTHROMBINE TIME INCREASES WARFARIN DIMINISHES CLOTTING FACTORS DUE TO LIVER DISEASE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY CLOTTING TIME UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN THERAPY FACTOR DEFICIENCY
  • 10. BLOOD TESTS MCV : 80-101 fl MCHC : 31.5-34.5 mg/dl MCV : MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME NORMOCYTES MACROCYTES MICROCYTES MCHC : MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT NORMOCHROMIC MACROCHROMIC MICROCHROMICMCV NORMOCHROMIC MACROCHROMIC MICROCHROMIC NORMOCYTES MACROCYTESMICROCYTES MCHC
  • 12. ESR: ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE AFFECT BY: IMMUNOGLOBULINS FIBRINOGEN INDICATION OF INFLAMMATION APPLICATION: UNEXPECTED FEVER ARTHRITIS MUSCLE SYMPTOMS ESR : 0.10 mm/hr BUN: 7-21 mg/dL TRANSFERRIN : 1.7/3.4 gm/L FERITIN : 30-400 ng/ml BLOOD TESTS
  • 13. CHOLESTEROL : 160-200 mg/dL TRIGLYCERIDES : 50-150 mg/dL GLYCOSYLATED Hb : 5-6.5 % FASTING BLOOD SUGAR : 3.3-6 mmol/L PO2 : 8-10 mmHg PCO2 : 35-45 mmHg OTHER BLOOD TESTS
  • 16. BLOOD EXAMINATION BUN : 7-21 mg/dl URIC ACID : 3.7-7 mg/dl Serum Creatinine : 0.8-1.3 mg/dl (men), 0.6-1 mg/dl (women) URIC ACID PURINES LIVER AND INTESTINE URIC ACID 65 % KIDNEY EXCRETION INTESTINEINDICATION: RENAL FAILURE RENAL DISEASES GOUT CREATININE KIDNEY ARGININE GLYCINE GUANIDINO ACETATE CREATININE LIVER MUSCLE PHOSPHOCREATININE CREATININE MUSCLE LOW SERUM CREATININE: LOW MUSCLE MASS HIGH SERUM CREATININE: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE KIDNEY
  • 17. Creatinine clearance = (140-age)*weight in kg/ s.creatinine*72 GFR MEASUREMENT CREATININE KIDNEY FILTERED BY CAPSULE NOT ABSORB OR NOT SECRETED BY ANY OTHER PART OF NEPHRONE
  • 18. GFR MEASUREMENT INULINE: C = -------- U*V P C = clearance. U = urinary concentration V = plasma concentration P = urine volume KIDNEY FILTERED BY CAPSULE NOT ABSORB OR NOT SECRETED BY ANY OTHER PART OF NEPHRONE KNOWN CONC. OF INULINE IS GIVEN IV ROUTE
  • 21. LIPIDS LIVER INJURY PGA index Prothrombine time 粒- glutamyl transferase Apo1-A protein ALCOHOL Cholesterol Acyltransferase Lipoprotein lipases CHOLESTIC Lipoprotein X
  • 22. BLOOD SINUSOIDAL MEMBRANE HEPATOCYTES SOIDAL MEMBRANE ATOCYTES AST ALT ALT AST HEPATOCELLULAR INJURY ALCOHOLIC INDUCED INJURY HEPATITIS AST/ALT
  • 24. ALBUMIN SYNTHESIZED IN THE LIVER MOST ABUNDANT PROTEIN WATER SOLUBLE DECREASED PRODUCTION (MAL NUTRITION, LOW PROTEIN DIET) CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER EXCESS EXCRETION BY KIDNEY PROLONGE DIARHHOEA
  • 25. CARDIAC MARKER TROPONIN COMPLEX OF THREE PROTEINS TROPOMYOSIN SUBUNIT+ INHIBITORY SUBUNIT+ CALCIUM BINDING SUBUNIT CA+2 ACTIN + MYOSININ CARDIAC MYOCYTES THIS PROTEIN BOUND TO MUSCLE FIBRES SO, MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION ITS RELEASED WITHIN 24 HOURS
  • 26. REFERENCES Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan Derrickson. Principle of anatomy and physiology. 12TH Edition. Roger walker. clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 5TH Edition. Emedicine.Medscape.com
  • 27. GTU QUESTIONS DISCRIBE LIVER FUNCTION TESTS. CLASSIFY ANEMIA. DISCRIBE VARIOUS HAEMATOLOGICAL TESTS