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CLONING
Subject: Information Technology
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Vikas Sir Jayanti Tyagi
Roll No.- 38
Class- 9th C

Index
? Definition
? Types of cloning
? Human Cloning
? Animal Cloning
? Advantage of cloning
? Disadvantage of cloning
? Applications

Definition
? It is the process of making a clone, a genetically identical copy of an organism
by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body
cell from the organism.

Types of cloning
? 1 DNA cloning/ Gene cloning
? 2 Reproductive cloning
? 3 Therapeutic cloning

DNA/ Gene Cloning
? Prcticed since 1970
? A term used to described a collection of DNA fragments derived from the
genome of an organism and cloned randomly into suitable cloning vectors.
? The term genomic DNA clone or chromosomal DNA clone than refer to an
individual cell carrying a cloning vector with one of the cellular DNA
fragment or to a phage isolate with a specific DNA inserts.

Reproductive cloning
? Reproductive clonimng is a prpduction of a genetic duplicate of an exixting
organism. A human clone would be a genetic copy of an exisiting person.
? Some oppose reproductive cloning because of safety consideration . Animal
cloning is seldom successful ,and many scientists belive that reproductive
cloning can never be made safe .Human reproductive cloning would also
threaten the psychologies well-being of cloned children ,open the door to
more powerful genetic manipulation technologies ,and raise other social and
ethical concerns

Risk & Benefits
Benefit
? Maintain good Dna in animal reproduction.
? Cloning genetically modified animals: Xenetransplantation [avoid tissue
rejection] – insulin producers
Risk
? Highly inefficient: Die mysterious- high costs
? Morally wrong to experiments with animals.
? Could lead to the cloning of humans.

Therapeutic cloning
? Which creates embryonic stem cells. Researchers hope to use these cells to
grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body.

Benefits & Risk
Benefits
? Produce whole organs from cloned stem cells.
? Produce healthy cells for transplantation.
? Reduce need for organ donors.
? Test drugs, understand diseases.
Risk
? Killing embryos in the process.

Human Cloning
? The concept of human cloning welcomes the prospect of making this world a
place where the disorders of a human like the diseases or the genetic
disorders diseases can be removed.

Animal Cloning
? The pet cloning started in 1997 when a billionaries from Arizona wanted to
clone his dog. He paid millions to a company called Genetics saving and clone
in order to clone his dog.
? The first cloned cat was born in 2021.
? The scientist performs a biopsy to a on live or vary recently decreased animal
to collect.
? Next, the tissues re grown and the cell are preserved until the next phase of
the cloning process.
? To produce a clone embryo, the cell are treated to prevent them from being
assigned to a particular function.[hair, skin etc.]

? The genetic material is removed from egg obtained from randoms cats.
? The egg and cell are fused together by electricity, resulting in clone embryos.
? Multiple clone embroys are implanted into female cats during and artificially
induced reproductive cycle. The ctas may or may not developed pregnancies
and are mentioned by ultrasound.

Advantages & Disadvantages of cloning
Advantages
? There will be an endless supply of animal to clone and we will never run out
of food from animal, because we have been able to clone based on previous
efforts, the most famous of these was the first ever cloning of ana animal,
dolly the lamb which was a successful cloning where dolly was a healthy
lamb.
Disadvantages
? Many belives cloning id quite inhumane, especially that of regilion and some
governmental parties which do not want to move forward with this research.

Applications
Biomedical research
? Animal as drug producer
? Animal models
? Breeding androgenic body tissue
Livestock breeding and agriculture
? Transgenic clones
? Changes to agriculture structures

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