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-Ajit Kumar,
Documentation Officer,
Institute of Applied Manpower Research,
Planning Commission, Delhi
e-mail: akdoiamr@gmail.com, do.iamr@nic.in

“Just like water from the tap in your kitchen,
cloud computing services can be turned on or
off quickly as needed. Like at the water
company, there is a team of dedicated
professionals making sure the service provided
is safe, secure and available on a 24/7 basis.
When the tap isn’t on, not only are you saving
water, but you aren’t paying for resources you
don’t currently need.”
- Vivek Kundra, CIO in Obama administration.

Cloud computing broadly describes off-
premise, on-demand computing where
the end-user is provided
applications, computing resources, and
services (including operating systems &
infrastructure) by clouds services
provider via the Internet.

The hosting industry came out of the
need for software and computing
services that were managed
internally, but were made more
economical and accessible through the
economies of scale of a hosted
implementation.

Cloud computing is the use of
computing resources (hardware and
software) that are delivered as a service
over a network (typically the internet).
The Cloud Computing possesses the
five essential characteristics as under,
which is listed by the National Institute
of Standard and Technology (NIST) as
a characteristics of cloud computing

Characteristics of cloud computing
•On-demand self-service
•Broad network access
•Resource pooling
•Rapid elasticity
•Measured service

Some of the other key characteristics of
Cloud Computing as below:
•Agility
•Application Programming Interface
(API)
•Cost
•Device and location Independence
•Virtualization
•Multitenancy
•Reliability

•Scalability and Elasticity
•Performance
•Security
•Maintenance

Models of Cloud Computing: The
Cloud Computing consists of three
fundamental Service Models and four
deployment models.
1. Service Models
2. Deployment Models

Service
Model
Infrastructure as
a Service (Iaas)
Eg. Amazon
Cloud
Foundation,
Google
Computer
Engine
Software as a
Service (Saas)
Eg. Google
Application, M
icrosoft Office
365
Plate form as
Service (Paas)
Eg.
Amazon, Google
Application

Deployment
Models
Private Cloud
Eg. Business
Unit
Hybrid Cloud
Community
Cloud
Eg. Mission,
Security
requirement
Public Cloud
Eg. Google,
Microsoft

Architecture of
Cloud
Computing

Architectural Implications:
For all of cloud computing potential advantages, it
also possesses several potential disadvantages.
Whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages
depend largely on the configuration of the access and
core networking functions on which cloud computing
depends. The underlying architecture can be
disaggregated into two separate components:
The first is with respect to the access network through
which end users connect to data centers.
The second is with respect to the links that connect
data centers to one another.

Access Networking: As an initial matter, cloud
computing will place considerably more onerous
demands on the access networks through which end
users will gain access to the cloud. The access
networks’ ability to meet these demands will go a
long way in determining cloud computing
attractiveness as an option.
•Bandwidth
•Reliability
•Quality of Service/ Network Management
•Ubiquity
•Privacy and Security

Data Center Interconnectivity: The advent of cloud
computing will change the nature of demand that is
placed on data centers. In addition to heightening data
centers’ seemingly unquenchable thirst for electric
power, cloud computing is placing ever increasing
demands on the ways that data centers are configured
and on the links that connect data centers to one
another.
•High Band width Networking
•Reliability
•Security and Privacy
•Control over Routing Policies
•Standardization
•Metering & Payment

Importance of the Cloud Computing for India:
As one of the faster growing economies in the world,
India seems to be at the forefront of most technological
development and cloud computing is no exception.
Indian Enterprises have been faced with ebbs and
flows in workflow for the past few years and this trend
is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. For
this reason, cloud computing has a particular
advantage for a growing economy like India.

Importance of the Cloud Computing for India:
First, it balances the ebbs and flows in the workflow
without significant impacts to the company’s bottom
line. Second, the cloud allows an enterprise to focus on
its core competencies by allowing the cloud provider to
deal with all of the hassles involved with the
development, maintenance, storage, and upgrades of
business applications. For these reasons, experts
predict that the cloud computing market in India will
grow at a compound annual growth rate of 40 percent
by 2014

Top 10 Cloud computing service providers
companies in India:
1. Infosys Technologies
2. Reliance Data Center
3. Synage
4. Netmagic Solution
5. Wipro Technologies
6. Synapse India
7. TCS
8. Orange Scape
9. Wolf Frameworks
10. Zenith InfoTech

Adoption of Cloud by the India: One of the striking
features about cloud computing is that it presents
benefits to every aspect of India’s economy including
but not limited to SMEs, the education system and the
Government of India. E.g.
SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) play a very
important role in developing the overall industrial
economy of a country. The Fourth Census of the SME
sector indicates that this sector employs 59.7 million
person over 26.1 million enterprises. SMEs contribute
towards 45 percent of the manufacturing output and 40
percent of the total export of the country. SMEs in
India are now using online portal such as eBay and
Amazon to sell their products domestically and
abroad.

Legal and Regulatory Issues of Cloud Computing In
India:
Use of cloud computing in India is still not very liberal.
There are many policy and law related issues that are
responsible for slow growth and adoption of cloud
computing in India. Absence of an effective cloud
computing policy of India is responsible for limited
utilisation of cloud computing in India. However, legal
issues of cloud computing in India are the main reason
for cautious adoption of cloud computing in India.

Legal and Regulatory Issues of Cloud Computing In
India:
Hon’ble Minister Shri Kapil Sibal, said during the
launch of the National Cloud Computing Initiative on
14th August 2012, A cloud computing services user gets
to use original software without having to buy it. The
user gets it on basis of some free either on monthly or
annual basis from cloud service provider. In some case,
service provider also provide hardware services like
storage facility also on rental basis or, as per agreement
with the user. He said it is the economic model of the
cloud computing that can bring down cost of
computing and result in fast delivery of e-governance
services to citizens.

Conclusion:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to
a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released
with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction. In Indian perspective, the different
department of the state
government, SMEs, Schools, AICTE and other sectors
has already adopted the Cloud Computing in their
working spheres.

The Hon’ble Minister Shri Kapil Sibal, Ministry of
Communication and Information & Technology said
new regulations are needed to address data safety
concerns, especially case where server that host
personal information are located in foreign lands. The
statement given by the hon’ble minister Shri Kapil
Sibal indicates that our Indian government also keen
interested to develop the Cloud computing in India in
protective manner.
Thanks and Regards
Ajit Kumar

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Cloud computing in indian perspective

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