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Collaborative 1 group 16 UNAD Translation

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Julian Parra
Julian Parra

This slides show the collaborative work one of the course "Translation techniques" of the University UNAD. 2017. Presented by the group number 16.

1 of 19
Tutor: Camilo Arturo Cendales Group 16: Natasha Praise Salva Olga Lucia Cediel Julian Andr辿s Parra Ivan Alejandro Murcia Laura Alejandra Brand Translation Techniques Course University Open And Distance Unad Colombia 2017
Collaborative 1 group 16 UNAD Translation
Pueblo Amish de Am辿rica; 多Una sociedad modelo? America's Amish communities live a lifestyle that has changed little since the 18th century; but in other respects, they are showing other Americans the way forward into the twenty- first.... Las comunidades Amish (secta religiosa menonita) de Am辿rica viven un estilo de vida que ha cambiado poco desde el siglo XVIII; Pero en otros aspectos, est叩n mostrando a otros estadounidenses el camino hacia adelante en este siglo XXI... Paragraph 1 Translated by Julian Parra The roadsign is, to say the least, unexpected; driving through a prosperous rural part of North America, the last thing you expect to see beside the highway is a yellow diamond roadsign with a horse and buggy in the middle! Watch out for horses and buggies on the road? What is this? Do they exercise racehorses here, or what? La se単al vial aqu鱈 es, por decir lo menos, inesperado; Conduciendo a trav辿s de una pr坦spera parte rural de Am辿rica del Norte, lo 炭ltimo que se espera ver al lado de la carretera es 臓una se単al vial amarillo diamante con un caballo y un cochecillo en el medio! 多Cuidado con los caballos y cochecillos en la carretera? 多Qu辿 es esto? 多Corren caballos de carreras aqu鱈, o qu辿?
You keep an eye open for horses; for two miles you see nothing, then all of a sudden, look! Coming towards you on the other side of the road, two black horse-drawn buggies! As they go by, your surprise turns to disbelief; what's going on? Are they making a movie about eighteenth century America? The men and the women in the buggy look like they jumped out of a novel by Fennimore Cooper. Then, another mile and things get even stranger; beside a neat- looking farm-house, there is a whole line of buggies. In the door of the house, half a dozen men in black coats, and with long beards, are talking while some women dressed in a curiously ancient fashion are sitting on a bench. Is this 2015 or 1715? Mantienes alerta para los caballos; Por dos millas no ves nada, entonces de repente, 臓mira! Viniendo hacia ti en el otro lado de la carretera, 臓dos coches negros tirados por caballos! A medida que pasan, tu sorpresa se convierte en incredulidad; 多qu辿 est叩 pasando? 多Est叩n haciendo una pel鱈cula sobre la Am辿rica del siglo XVIII? Los hombres y las mujeres en el coche parecen saltar de una novela de Fennimore Cooper. Luego, otro kil坦metro y las cosas se vuelven a炭n m叩s extra単as; Al lado de una finca de aspecto elegante, hay toda una l鱈nea de coches. En la puerta de la casa, media docena de hombres de abrigos negros y barbas largas hablan mientras algunas mujeres vestidas de una manera curiosamente antigua est叩n sentadas en un banco. 多Es este 2015 o 1715?
Paragraph 2 Translated by Olga Lucia Cedel Usted conduciendo, pregunt叩ndose 多qu辿 ha ocurrido con esta parte de los Estados Unidos de Am辿rica? Has conducido en un t炭nel del tiempo, Y sin darse cuenta, volv鱈 300 a単os, O 多es la gente que acabas de ver que est叩 atrapada en una en un t炭nel del tiempo? Una consulta r叩pida en la gasolinera m叩s cercana te da la respuesta; Est叩s en tierra Amish, y los hombres y mujeres que ha visto son Amish, parte de un extra単o grupo religioso que se establecieron en Am辿rica en el siglo XVIII, Y gran parte de su estilo de vida ha cambiado poco desde entonces. You drive on, wondering what has happened to this part of the United States of America? Have you driven into a time- warp, and without realizing it, gone back 300 years, or is it the people you've just seen who're stuck in a time warp? A quick enquiry at the nearest gas station gives you the answer; you are in Amish country, and the men and women you have just seen are Amish, part of a strange religious group that settled in America in the 18th century, and much of whose lifestyle has changed little since then.
Si usted ha visto la pel鱈cula Testigo en peligro (nombre dado para Hispanoam辿rica), ya sabr鱈a algo sobre los Amish, como su comunidad es estrictamente religiosa y aut坦noma, c坦mo la gente Amish prescinden de los elementos esenciales de la vida moderna como la electricidad y los coches, y c坦mo ellos no se mezclan con gente fuera de su propia comunidad, Es pr叩cticamente inesperado que alguien se convierta en un Amish, quien no ha nacido como Amish. Esto es sobre todo lo que la mayor parte de americanos saben sobre la gente de Amish, a no ser que, a menos que realmente vivan cerca de ellos y se crucen con ellos en la vida cotidiana, Entonces, 多qui辿nes son? This is about all that most Americans know about Amish people, unless, that is, they actually live near them and come across them in daily life. So, who are they? If you had seen the movie "Witness", you would have already known something about the Amish, how their community is strictly religious and self-contained, how Amish people do without the essentials of modern-day life such as electricity and cars, and how they do not mix with people outside of their own community. It is virtually unheard of for anyone to become an Amish, who was not born an Amish.
Paragraph 3 Translated by Ivan Alejandro Murcia Gonz叩lez En resumen, los Amish son miembros de un movimiento religioso ultra protestante que lleg坦 a am辿rica desde el valle alto del Rin hace unos 300 a単os, y han mantenido sus tradiciones y estilos de vida. Ellos son ciudadanos muy respetuosos de la ley, y su comunidad es una en la que el crimen es casi, aunque no del todo, inexistente; In brief, the Amish are members of an ultra-protestant religious movement that first came to America from the upper Rhine valley over three hundred years ago, and have kept their traditions and lifestyles. They are very law-abiding citizens, and their community is one in which crime is almost, though not entirely, inexistent; Amish families live strict lives, following the same code of morals as their ancestors. In a sense, they are indeed stuck in a time warp. las familias Amish viven vidas estrictas, siguiendo el mismo c坦digo de moral de sus antecesores. En ese sentido, ellos est叩n atrapados en el tiempo.
Aunque las cosas m叩s notables sobre los Amish no son su anticuado estilo de vida y su ropa hecha en casa, sino la expansi坦n de su comunidad, su eficiencia, su cohesi坦n social y su reciente adopci坦n de tecnolog鱈a verde, incluyendo la energ鱈a e坦lica y solar. Aunque ellos labran la tierra utilizando yuntas y yugos tradicionales y no usan fertilizantes, su agricultura est叩, -interesantemente entre la m叩s productiva de Norteam辿rica. Yet the most remarkable things to note about the Amish are not their quaint lifestyles and their home-made clothes, but the expansion of their community, its efficiency, its social cohesion, and their recent adoption of "green" technology, including wind- power and solar energy. Although they work the land using traditional horse-drawn machines, and use no chemical fertilizers, their agriculture is - interestingly - among the most productive in North America!
Paragraph 4 Translated by Natasha Praise Salva Mientras que la Am辿rica blanca es, en general, una poblaci坦n estable en n炭mero, la comunidad Amish est叩 creciendo m叩s r叩pido que pr叩cticamente cualquier otra comunidad en los Estados Unidos. En los 40 a単os de 1950 a 1990, el n炭mero de Amish en el condado de Lancaster, Pensilvania, la comunidad original y a炭n m叩s grande Amish en los EE.UU., creci坦 en exactamente el 400%, todo por crecimiento natural, no a trav辿s de la afluencia de inmigrantes. the original and still the largest Amish community in the USA, grew by exactly 400%, all by natural growth, not through the influx of immigrants. While white America is, on the whole, a population that is stable in numbers, the Amish community is growing faster than virtually any other community in the USA. In the 40 years from 1950 to 1990, the number of Amish in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,
Los Amish no guardan estad鱈sticas, pero es bastante seguro asumir que la poblaci坦n Amish total de los Estados Unidos en el a単o 1900 no era m叩s que un par de mil; Hoy en d鱈a, los antiguos Amish, aquellos que han mantenido las tradiciones m叩s estrictas de su religi坦n y la sociedad, m叩s de 100.000, se extendi坦 en las comunidades en el este de EE.UU. y Ontario. El n炭mero total de Amish que viven en los Estados Unidos en 2011 se estim坦 en m叩s de 260.000. Amish, que rechazan la medicina moderna y todas las formas de control de la natalidad, tienen algunas de las familias m叩s grandes en Am辿rica, con un promedio de m叩s de seis hijos por familia. The Amish do not keep statistics, but it is fairly safe to assume that the total Amish population of the United States in the year 1900 was no more than a couple of thousand; today the Old Order Amish, those who have kept up the strictest traditions of their religion and society, number over 100,000, spread in communities across the eastern US and Ontario. The total number of Amish living in the United States in 2011 was estimated at over 260,000. Amish, who reject modern medicine and all forms of birth control, have some of the biggest families in America, with an average of over six children per family.
Pocos abandonan su comunidad. Los adolescentes Amish tienden a ser tan normalmente rebeldes como cualquier otro adolescente estadounidense, hasta que son bautizados. Hasta que esto sucede, no est叩n obligados a ajustarse a los estrictos c坦digos Amish de vestimenta, peinado y comportamiento, y muchos aprovechan esta libertad; Antes del bautismo, los adolescentes Amish se comportan como otros adolescentes estadounidenses; Hasta el 30% de los mayores no bautizados adolescentes Amish tienen autos, y el 40% tiene licencias de conducir! Few abandon their community. Amish teenagers tend to be as normally rebellious as any other American teens, until they are baptized. Until this happens, they are not obliged to conform to the strict Amish codes of dress, hairstyle and behavior, and many make the most of this liberty; before baptism, Amish teenagers behave much like other American teens; up to 30% of older unbaptized Amish teens own cars, and 40% have drivers licenses! Amish teens also enjoy baseball, dancing and even alcohol! Amish baptism takes place between the ages of 16 and 21, sometimes even later. Los adolescentes de Amish tambi辿n disfrutan de b辿isbol, baile e incluso alcohol! El bautismo Amish tiene lugar entre las edades de 16 y 21, a veces incluso m叩s tarde.
Problems we faced regarding words or expressions in the translation
Problems we faced regarding words or expressions in the translation on the whole. For these type of words, I used the Modulation technique. Because instead of translating the words literately, I used a Spanish word that mean the same, en general. time-warp: This was difficult but the problem was vocabulary. "Witness" this word is a name of a movie for that reason I used the technique reformulation or equivalence and besides I searched the name of the movie for Latin- American in the web. For this translation task I used 2 translation techniques: transposition and modulation. I used transposition because in Spanish the way to put the noun and adjective is different than in English, thats why, it was necessary to use this technique. 1. Watch out!: I didnt understand this expression, but I can remember that is a Phrasal verb and found translation as: 臓mira!, 臓Atenci坦n!, 臓Cuidado! and I chose that fits the most in my own criteria.
Chart about the difference between method, strategy and technique. STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD Krings (1986:18) defines translation strategy as "translator's potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task Harvey : Functional equivalence: use a referent in the TL culture whose function is similar to that of the referent of the source language (SL). Word-for-word translation: in which the SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context Seguinot (1989) believes that there are at least three global strategies employed by the translators: (i) translating without interruption for as long as possible; (ii) correcting surface errors immediately; (iii) leaving the monitoring for qualitative or stylistic errors in the text to the revision stage Formal equivalence or linguistic equivalence means a translation "word for word" transcription or loan "(ie reproduce or, if necessary, transliterate the original term) Literal translation: in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context
Loescher (1991:8) defines translation strategy as "a potentially conscious procedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it Descriptive or self-explanatory translation. Uses generic terms (not CBT) to convey meaning Faithful translation: it attempts to produce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures Bell (1998:188) differentiates between global (those dealing with whole texts) and local (those dealing with text segments) strategies and confirms that this distinction results from various kinds of translation problems Direct Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques include: Borrowing Borrowing is the taking of words directly from one language into another without translation Calque A calque or loan translation (itself a calque of German Lehn端bersetzung) is a phrase borrowed from another language and translated literally word-for-word. Literal Translation A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure Semantic translation: which differs from 'faithful translation' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
Venuti (1998:240) indicates that translation strategies "involve the basic tasks of choosing the foreign text to be translated and developing a method to translate it." He employs the concepts of domesticating and foreignizing to refer to translation strategies Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language Oblique translation techniques include: Transposition Modulation Reformulation or Equivalence Adaptation Compensation Adaptation: which is the freest form of translation, and is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
Give meaningful feedback to your mates work
Meaningful feedback to your mates work
Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques. Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-techniques Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies, and methods. Translation Journal, 11(3). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www3.uji.es/~aferna/EA0921/6c-Translating- culture-procedures.pdf Preciado, P. D., & Silva, M. (2007). English Translation Techniques [Ebook]. Retrieved March 22, 2017, fromhttps://books.google.com.co/books?id=5MG8xLyZOYkC&lpg=PP1&dq=petra%20translation s%20techniques&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=petra%20translations%20techniques&f=false Umbral Digital

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Collaborative 1 group 16 UNAD Translation

  • 1. Tutor: Camilo Arturo Cendales Group 16: Natasha Praise Salva Olga Lucia Cediel Julian Andr辿s Parra Ivan Alejandro Murcia Laura Alejandra Brand Translation Techniques Course University Open And Distance Unad Colombia 2017
  • 3. Pueblo Amish de Am辿rica; 多Una sociedad modelo? America's Amish communities live a lifestyle that has changed little since the 18th century; but in other respects, they are showing other Americans the way forward into the twenty- first.... Las comunidades Amish (secta religiosa menonita) de Am辿rica viven un estilo de vida que ha cambiado poco desde el siglo XVIII; Pero en otros aspectos, est叩n mostrando a otros estadounidenses el camino hacia adelante en este siglo XXI... Paragraph 1 Translated by Julian Parra The roadsign is, to say the least, unexpected; driving through a prosperous rural part of North America, the last thing you expect to see beside the highway is a yellow diamond roadsign with a horse and buggy in the middle! Watch out for horses and buggies on the road? What is this? Do they exercise racehorses here, or what? La se単al vial aqu鱈 es, por decir lo menos, inesperado; Conduciendo a trav辿s de una pr坦spera parte rural de Am辿rica del Norte, lo 炭ltimo que se espera ver al lado de la carretera es 臓una se単al vial amarillo diamante con un caballo y un cochecillo en el medio! 多Cuidado con los caballos y cochecillos en la carretera? 多Qu辿 es esto? 多Corren caballos de carreras aqu鱈, o qu辿?
  • 4. You keep an eye open for horses; for two miles you see nothing, then all of a sudden, look! Coming towards you on the other side of the road, two black horse-drawn buggies! As they go by, your surprise turns to disbelief; what's going on? Are they making a movie about eighteenth century America? The men and the women in the buggy look like they jumped out of a novel by Fennimore Cooper. Then, another mile and things get even stranger; beside a neat- looking farm-house, there is a whole line of buggies. In the door of the house, half a dozen men in black coats, and with long beards, are talking while some women dressed in a curiously ancient fashion are sitting on a bench. Is this 2015 or 1715? Mantienes alerta para los caballos; Por dos millas no ves nada, entonces de repente, 臓mira! Viniendo hacia ti en el otro lado de la carretera, 臓dos coches negros tirados por caballos! A medida que pasan, tu sorpresa se convierte en incredulidad; 多qu辿 est叩 pasando? 多Est叩n haciendo una pel鱈cula sobre la Am辿rica del siglo XVIII? Los hombres y las mujeres en el coche parecen saltar de una novela de Fennimore Cooper. Luego, otro kil坦metro y las cosas se vuelven a炭n m叩s extra単as; Al lado de una finca de aspecto elegante, hay toda una l鱈nea de coches. En la puerta de la casa, media docena de hombres de abrigos negros y barbas largas hablan mientras algunas mujeres vestidas de una manera curiosamente antigua est叩n sentadas en un banco. 多Es este 2015 o 1715?
  • 5. Paragraph 2 Translated by Olga Lucia Cedel Usted conduciendo, pregunt叩ndose 多qu辿 ha ocurrido con esta parte de los Estados Unidos de Am辿rica? Has conducido en un t炭nel del tiempo, Y sin darse cuenta, volv鱈 300 a単os, O 多es la gente que acabas de ver que est叩 atrapada en una en un t炭nel del tiempo? Una consulta r叩pida en la gasolinera m叩s cercana te da la respuesta; Est叩s en tierra Amish, y los hombres y mujeres que ha visto son Amish, parte de un extra単o grupo religioso que se establecieron en Am辿rica en el siglo XVIII, Y gran parte de su estilo de vida ha cambiado poco desde entonces. You drive on, wondering what has happened to this part of the United States of America? Have you driven into a time- warp, and without realizing it, gone back 300 years, or is it the people you've just seen who're stuck in a time warp? A quick enquiry at the nearest gas station gives you the answer; you are in Amish country, and the men and women you have just seen are Amish, part of a strange religious group that settled in America in the 18th century, and much of whose lifestyle has changed little since then.
  • 6. Si usted ha visto la pel鱈cula Testigo en peligro (nombre dado para Hispanoam辿rica), ya sabr鱈a algo sobre los Amish, como su comunidad es estrictamente religiosa y aut坦noma, c坦mo la gente Amish prescinden de los elementos esenciales de la vida moderna como la electricidad y los coches, y c坦mo ellos no se mezclan con gente fuera de su propia comunidad, Es pr叩cticamente inesperado que alguien se convierta en un Amish, quien no ha nacido como Amish. Esto es sobre todo lo que la mayor parte de americanos saben sobre la gente de Amish, a no ser que, a menos que realmente vivan cerca de ellos y se crucen con ellos en la vida cotidiana, Entonces, 多qui辿nes son? This is about all that most Americans know about Amish people, unless, that is, they actually live near them and come across them in daily life. So, who are they? If you had seen the movie "Witness", you would have already known something about the Amish, how their community is strictly religious and self-contained, how Amish people do without the essentials of modern-day life such as electricity and cars, and how they do not mix with people outside of their own community. It is virtually unheard of for anyone to become an Amish, who was not born an Amish.
  • 7. Paragraph 3 Translated by Ivan Alejandro Murcia Gonz叩lez En resumen, los Amish son miembros de un movimiento religioso ultra protestante que lleg坦 a am辿rica desde el valle alto del Rin hace unos 300 a単os, y han mantenido sus tradiciones y estilos de vida. Ellos son ciudadanos muy respetuosos de la ley, y su comunidad es una en la que el crimen es casi, aunque no del todo, inexistente; In brief, the Amish are members of an ultra-protestant religious movement that first came to America from the upper Rhine valley over three hundred years ago, and have kept their traditions and lifestyles. They are very law-abiding citizens, and their community is one in which crime is almost, though not entirely, inexistent; Amish families live strict lives, following the same code of morals as their ancestors. In a sense, they are indeed stuck in a time warp. las familias Amish viven vidas estrictas, siguiendo el mismo c坦digo de moral de sus antecesores. En ese sentido, ellos est叩n atrapados en el tiempo.
  • 8. Aunque las cosas m叩s notables sobre los Amish no son su anticuado estilo de vida y su ropa hecha en casa, sino la expansi坦n de su comunidad, su eficiencia, su cohesi坦n social y su reciente adopci坦n de tecnolog鱈a verde, incluyendo la energ鱈a e坦lica y solar. Aunque ellos labran la tierra utilizando yuntas y yugos tradicionales y no usan fertilizantes, su agricultura est叩, -interesantemente entre la m叩s productiva de Norteam辿rica. Yet the most remarkable things to note about the Amish are not their quaint lifestyles and their home-made clothes, but the expansion of their community, its efficiency, its social cohesion, and their recent adoption of "green" technology, including wind- power and solar energy. Although they work the land using traditional horse-drawn machines, and use no chemical fertilizers, their agriculture is - interestingly - among the most productive in North America!
  • 9. Paragraph 4 Translated by Natasha Praise Salva Mientras que la Am辿rica blanca es, en general, una poblaci坦n estable en n炭mero, la comunidad Amish est叩 creciendo m叩s r叩pido que pr叩cticamente cualquier otra comunidad en los Estados Unidos. En los 40 a単os de 1950 a 1990, el n炭mero de Amish en el condado de Lancaster, Pensilvania, la comunidad original y a炭n m叩s grande Amish en los EE.UU., creci坦 en exactamente el 400%, todo por crecimiento natural, no a trav辿s de la afluencia de inmigrantes. the original and still the largest Amish community in the USA, grew by exactly 400%, all by natural growth, not through the influx of immigrants. While white America is, on the whole, a population that is stable in numbers, the Amish community is growing faster than virtually any other community in the USA. In the 40 years from 1950 to 1990, the number of Amish in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,
  • 10. Los Amish no guardan estad鱈sticas, pero es bastante seguro asumir que la poblaci坦n Amish total de los Estados Unidos en el a単o 1900 no era m叩s que un par de mil; Hoy en d鱈a, los antiguos Amish, aquellos que han mantenido las tradiciones m叩s estrictas de su religi坦n y la sociedad, m叩s de 100.000, se extendi坦 en las comunidades en el este de EE.UU. y Ontario. El n炭mero total de Amish que viven en los Estados Unidos en 2011 se estim坦 en m叩s de 260.000. Amish, que rechazan la medicina moderna y todas las formas de control de la natalidad, tienen algunas de las familias m叩s grandes en Am辿rica, con un promedio de m叩s de seis hijos por familia. The Amish do not keep statistics, but it is fairly safe to assume that the total Amish population of the United States in the year 1900 was no more than a couple of thousand; today the Old Order Amish, those who have kept up the strictest traditions of their religion and society, number over 100,000, spread in communities across the eastern US and Ontario. The total number of Amish living in the United States in 2011 was estimated at over 260,000. Amish, who reject modern medicine and all forms of birth control, have some of the biggest families in America, with an average of over six children per family.
  • 11. Pocos abandonan su comunidad. Los adolescentes Amish tienden a ser tan normalmente rebeldes como cualquier otro adolescente estadounidense, hasta que son bautizados. Hasta que esto sucede, no est叩n obligados a ajustarse a los estrictos c坦digos Amish de vestimenta, peinado y comportamiento, y muchos aprovechan esta libertad; Antes del bautismo, los adolescentes Amish se comportan como otros adolescentes estadounidenses; Hasta el 30% de los mayores no bautizados adolescentes Amish tienen autos, y el 40% tiene licencias de conducir! Few abandon their community. Amish teenagers tend to be as normally rebellious as any other American teens, until they are baptized. Until this happens, they are not obliged to conform to the strict Amish codes of dress, hairstyle and behavior, and many make the most of this liberty; before baptism, Amish teenagers behave much like other American teens; up to 30% of older unbaptized Amish teens own cars, and 40% have drivers licenses! Amish teens also enjoy baseball, dancing and even alcohol! Amish baptism takes place between the ages of 16 and 21, sometimes even later. Los adolescentes de Amish tambi辿n disfrutan de b辿isbol, baile e incluso alcohol! El bautismo Amish tiene lugar entre las edades de 16 y 21, a veces incluso m叩s tarde.
  • 12. Problems we faced regarding words or expressions in the translation
  • 13. Problems we faced regarding words or expressions in the translation on the whole. For these type of words, I used the Modulation technique. Because instead of translating the words literately, I used a Spanish word that mean the same, en general. time-warp: This was difficult but the problem was vocabulary. "Witness" this word is a name of a movie for that reason I used the technique reformulation or equivalence and besides I searched the name of the movie for Latin- American in the web. For this translation task I used 2 translation techniques: transposition and modulation. I used transposition because in Spanish the way to put the noun and adjective is different than in English, thats why, it was necessary to use this technique. 1. Watch out!: I didnt understand this expression, but I can remember that is a Phrasal verb and found translation as: 臓mira!, 臓Atenci坦n!, 臓Cuidado! and I chose that fits the most in my own criteria.
  • 14. Chart about the difference between method, strategy and technique. STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD Krings (1986:18) defines translation strategy as "translator's potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task Harvey : Functional equivalence: use a referent in the TL culture whose function is similar to that of the referent of the source language (SL). Word-for-word translation: in which the SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context Seguinot (1989) believes that there are at least three global strategies employed by the translators: (i) translating without interruption for as long as possible; (ii) correcting surface errors immediately; (iii) leaving the monitoring for qualitative or stylistic errors in the text to the revision stage Formal equivalence or linguistic equivalence means a translation "word for word" transcription or loan "(ie reproduce or, if necessary, transliterate the original term) Literal translation: in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context
  • 15. Loescher (1991:8) defines translation strategy as "a potentially conscious procedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it Descriptive or self-explanatory translation. Uses generic terms (not CBT) to convey meaning Faithful translation: it attempts to produce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures Bell (1998:188) differentiates between global (those dealing with whole texts) and local (those dealing with text segments) strategies and confirms that this distinction results from various kinds of translation problems Direct Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques include: Borrowing Borrowing is the taking of words directly from one language into another without translation Calque A calque or loan translation (itself a calque of German Lehn端bersetzung) is a phrase borrowed from another language and translated literally word-for-word. Literal Translation A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure Semantic translation: which differs from 'faithful translation' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
  • 16. Venuti (1998:240) indicates that translation strategies "involve the basic tasks of choosing the foreign text to be translated and developing a method to translate it." He employs the concepts of domesticating and foreignizing to refer to translation strategies Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language Oblique translation techniques include: Transposition Modulation Reformulation or Equivalence Adaptation Compensation Adaptation: which is the freest form of translation, and is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
  • 17. Give meaningful feedback to your mates work
  • 18. Meaningful feedback to your mates work
  • 19. Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques. Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-techniques Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies, and methods. Translation Journal, 11(3). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www3.uji.es/~aferna/EA0921/6c-Translating- culture-procedures.pdf Preciado, P. D., & Silva, M. (2007). English Translation Techniques [Ebook]. Retrieved March 22, 2017, fromhttps://books.google.com.co/books?id=5MG8xLyZOYkC&lpg=PP1&dq=petra%20translation s%20techniques&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=petra%20translations%20techniques&f=false Umbral Digital