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Colors final

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Jordan Federico

The document discusses color theory and the psychological meanings of colors. It begins by explaining the primary colors of red, yellow and blue, and the secondary colors of orange, green and purple which are made by mixing two primary colors. It then discusses color wheels and how complementary, analogous, neutral, warm and cool colors are related. The rest of the document delves into various aspects of color including the dimensions, classification, and psychological meanings associated with different colors such as red, blue, yellow, green and others.

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Colors Andrea Bernardo Discussant
Types of Colors
Colors ¨C Red, yellow and blue are the primary colors. ¨C Primary colors are the most basic colors. You can't make them by mixing any other colors. ¨C Orange, green and purple are the secondary colors. ¨C A secondary color is made by mixing two primary colors. For instance, if you mix red and yellow, you get orange.
The Color Wheel ¨C A color wheel shows how colors are related. On a color wheel, each secondary color is between the primary colors that are used to make it. Orange is between red and yellow because orange is made by mixing red with yellow. ¨C Intermediate, or tertiary, colors are made by mixing a primary color with a secondary color that is next to it. Red-orange, yellow-orange and yellow-green are some intermediate colors.
Complementary Colors Complementary colors ¨C sit opposite each other on the color wheel. Because they are opposites, they tend to look especially lively when used together. When you put complementary colors together, each color looks more noticeable. ¨C Red and green are an example of complementary colors. Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose by John Singer Sargent
Analogous Colors Analogous ¨C colors sit next to each other on the color wheel. They tend to look pleasant together because they are closely related. ¨C Orange, yellow-orange, and yellow are an example of analogous colors. Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh
Neutral Colors Neutral colors ¨C don't usually show up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called ¡°earth tones.¡± Circus by Georges Seurat
Warm Colors Warm colors ¨C are made with red, orange, yellow, or some combination of these. Warm colors tend to make you think of sunlight and warmth. The Fighting Temeraire by William Turner
Cool Colors Cool colors ¨C are made with blue, green, purple, or some combination of these. Cool colors might make you think of cool and peaceful things, like winter skies and still ponds. Fields in a Rising Storm by Vincent Van Gogh
Qualities of Color
There are three qualities which are used to describe any one color. These are hue, saturation, and brightness.
Hue ¨C Hue is a quality which is used to identify any color under considera tion, such as red, blue, or yellow. ¨C Hue, which defines the wavelength of the color, would be synonymous with frequency, which defines the w avelength of the radio wave.
Saturation ¨C Saturation is a measure of the absence of dilution by white light and can be expressed with terms such as rich, vivid, or pure. ¨C Saturation defines the purity of the color, and is synonymous with signal to noise ratio, which defines the purity of the radio wave.
Brightness ¨C Brightness defines the amount of light energy which is contained within a given color. ¨C It is synonymous with amplitude, which defines the amount of energy in the radio wave.
? Brightness is a characteristic of both white light and color. ? Hue and saturation are characteristics of color only. ? The brightness level of a color can be changed without changing the saturation
Classification of Colors
Hue ¨C Hue is the term used for the name of any color, e.g. yellow, orange, red, and blue all are hues. ¨C The main property of the color. ¨C In painting, hue is referred to as pure color.
Intensity ¨C Intensity is the saturation or purity of the color, its brightness or dullness. ¨C In other words it¡¯s the force of the color, full force might be a bright red color.
Value ¨C Value is the lightness or darkness of the color. ¨C The lightest value of the color is almost white and the darkest value is almost black.
There are two types of value: Tint ¨C describes colors that are near white in value. Example: Pink is a tint of red, which means white has been added. Similarly mauve is the tint of purple. Shade ¨C describes colors that are near black in value. Example: Navy blue is the shade of blue. Similarly maroon is the shade of red.
Dimensions of Color
A.H. Munsell saw color in terms of its relationship to other colors, which led him to develop his 3-dimensional color space concept. He described color space using objects with which most people would be familiar, such as a ¡°color tree¡± to teach and communicate color with greater understanding and clarity.
Hue Dimension of Color Space ¨CHue represents the color itself¡ªred, yellow, blue, etc.
Value Dimension of Color Space ¨C Value is the one dimension of color space that can stand alone. Value represents the lightness or darkness of a given hue.
Chroma Dimension of Color Space ¨C Chroma is often described as the brightness or saturation of color. Chroma is the least uniform dimension of color space, because not all colors can achieve the same level of chroma.
Psychological Meaning of Colors
There are four psychological primary colors - red, blue, yellow and green. They relate respectively to the body, the mind, the emotions and the essential balance between these three. The psychological properties of the eleven basic colours are as follows:
The Meaning of Colors ¨C Red is the color of energy, passion, action, ambition and determination. It is also the color of anger and sexual passion. ¨C RED. Physical Positive: Physical courage, strength, warmth, energy, basic survival, 'fight or flight', stimulation, masculinity, excitement. Negative: Defiance, aggression, visual impact, strain. Red
Blue - Blue is the color of trust and peace. It can suggest loyalty and integrity as well as conservatism and frigidity. - BLUE. Intellectual. Positive: Intelligence, communication, trust, efficiency, serenity, duty, logic, coolness, reflection, calm. Negative: Coldness, aloofness, lack of emotion, unfriendliness.
Yellow ¨C Yellow is the color of the mind and the intellect. It is optimistic and cheerful. However it can also suggest impatience, criticism and cowardice. - YELLOW. Emotional Positive: Optimism, confidence, self-esteem, extraversion, emotional strength, friendliness, creativity. Negative: Irrationality, fear, emotional fragility, depression, anxiety, suicide.
Green - Green is the color of balance and growth. It can mean both self-reliance as a positive and possessiveness as a negative, among many other meanings. - GREEN. Balance Positive: Harmony, balance, refreshment, universal love, rest, restoration, reassurance, environmental awareness, equilibrium, peace. Negative: Boredom, stagnation, blandness, enervation.
¨C VIOLET. Spiritual Positive: Spiritual awareness, containment, vision, luxury, authenticity, truth, quality. Negative: Introversion, decadence, suppression, inferiority. Violet
Orange ¨C Orange is the color of social communication and optimism. From the negative color meaning it is also a sign of pessimism and superficiality. ¨C ORANGE. Positive: Physical comfort, food, warmth, security, sensuality, passion, abundance, fun. Negative: Deprivation, frustration, frivolity, immaturity.
Pink - The color psychology of pink is unconditional love and nurturing. Pink can also be immature, silly and girlish. - PINK. Positive: Physical tranquility, nurture, warmth, femininity, love, sexuality, survival of the species. Negative: Inhibition, emotional claustrophobia, emasculation, physical weakness
- From a color psychology perspective, gray is the color of compromise being neither black nor white, it is the transition between two non-colors. It is unemotional and detached and can be indecisive. - GREY. Positive: Psychological neutrality. Negative: Lack of confidence, dampness, depression, hibernation, lack of energy. Gray
Black - Black is the color of the hidden, the secretive and the unknown, creating an air of mystery. It keeps things bottled up inside, hidden from the world. - BLACK. Positive: Sophistication, glamour, security, emotional safety, efficiency, substance. Negative: Oppression, coldness, menace, heaviness.
- White is color at its most complete and pure, the color of perfection. The color meaning of white is purity, innocence, wholeness and completion. WHITE. Positive: Hygiene, sterility, clarity, purity, cleanness, simplicity, sophistication, efficiency. Negative: Sterility, coldness, barriers, unfriendliness, elitism. White
Brown - The color brown is a friendly yet serious, down-to-earth color that relates to security, protection, comfort and material wealth. BROWN. Positive: Seriousness, warmth, Nature, earthiness, reliability, support. Negative: Lack of humour, heaviness, lack of sophistication.
Indigo - Indigo is the color of intuition. In the meaning of colors it can mean idealism and structure as well as ritualistic and addictive. Purple - Purple is the color of the imagination. It can be creative and individual or immature and impractical. Turquoise - The color meaning of turquoise is communication and clarity of mind. It can also be impractical and idealistic.
Magenta - In the meaning of colors, magenta is a color of universal harmony and emotional balance. It is spiritual yet practical, encouraging common sense and a balanced outlook on life. Silver - Silver has a feminine energy; it is related to the moon and the ebb and flow of the tides - it is fluid, emotional, sensitive and mysterious. Gold - Gold is the color of success, achievement and triumph. Associated with abundance and prosperity, luxury and quality, prestige and sophistication, value and elegance, the color psychology of gold implies affluence, material wealth and extravagance.
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Colors final

  • 3. Colors ¨C Red, yellow and blue are the primary colors. ¨C Primary colors are the most basic colors. You can't make them by mixing any other colors. ¨C Orange, green and purple are the secondary colors. ¨C A secondary color is made by mixing two primary colors. For instance, if you mix red and yellow, you get orange.
  • 4. The Color Wheel ¨C A color wheel shows how colors are related. On a color wheel, each secondary color is between the primary colors that are used to make it. Orange is between red and yellow because orange is made by mixing red with yellow. ¨C Intermediate, or tertiary, colors are made by mixing a primary color with a secondary color that is next to it. Red-orange, yellow-orange and yellow-green are some intermediate colors.
  • 5. Complementary Colors Complementary colors ¨C sit opposite each other on the color wheel. Because they are opposites, they tend to look especially lively when used together. When you put complementary colors together, each color looks more noticeable. ¨C Red and green are an example of complementary colors. Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose by John Singer Sargent
  • 6. Analogous Colors Analogous ¨C colors sit next to each other on the color wheel. They tend to look pleasant together because they are closely related. ¨C Orange, yellow-orange, and yellow are an example of analogous colors. Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh
  • 7. Neutral Colors Neutral colors ¨C don't usually show up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called ¡°earth tones.¡± Circus by Georges Seurat
  • 8. Warm Colors Warm colors ¨C are made with red, orange, yellow, or some combination of these. Warm colors tend to make you think of sunlight and warmth. The Fighting Temeraire by William Turner
  • 9. Cool Colors Cool colors ¨C are made with blue, green, purple, or some combination of these. Cool colors might make you think of cool and peaceful things, like winter skies and still ponds. Fields in a Rising Storm by Vincent Van Gogh
  • 11. There are three qualities which are used to describe any one color. These are hue, saturation, and brightness.
  • 12. Hue ¨C Hue is a quality which is used to identify any color under considera tion, such as red, blue, or yellow. ¨C Hue, which defines the wavelength of the color, would be synonymous with frequency, which defines the w avelength of the radio wave.
  • 13. Saturation ¨C Saturation is a measure of the absence of dilution by white light and can be expressed with terms such as rich, vivid, or pure. ¨C Saturation defines the purity of the color, and is synonymous with signal to noise ratio, which defines the purity of the radio wave.
  • 14. Brightness ¨C Brightness defines the amount of light energy which is contained within a given color. ¨C It is synonymous with amplitude, which defines the amount of energy in the radio wave.
  • 15. ? Brightness is a characteristic of both white light and color. ? Hue and saturation are characteristics of color only. ? The brightness level of a color can be changed without changing the saturation
  • 17. Hue ¨C Hue is the term used for the name of any color, e.g. yellow, orange, red, and blue all are hues. ¨C The main property of the color. ¨C In painting, hue is referred to as pure color.
  • 18. Intensity ¨C Intensity is the saturation or purity of the color, its brightness or dullness. ¨C In other words it¡¯s the force of the color, full force might be a bright red color.
  • 19. Value ¨C Value is the lightness or darkness of the color. ¨C The lightest value of the color is almost white and the darkest value is almost black.
  • 20. There are two types of value: Tint ¨C describes colors that are near white in value. Example: Pink is a tint of red, which means white has been added. Similarly mauve is the tint of purple. Shade ¨C describes colors that are near black in value. Example: Navy blue is the shade of blue. Similarly maroon is the shade of red.
  • 22. A.H. Munsell saw color in terms of its relationship to other colors, which led him to develop his 3-dimensional color space concept. He described color space using objects with which most people would be familiar, such as a ¡°color tree¡± to teach and communicate color with greater understanding and clarity.
  • 23. Hue Dimension of Color Space ¨CHue represents the color itself¡ªred, yellow, blue, etc.
  • 24. Value Dimension of Color Space ¨C Value is the one dimension of color space that can stand alone. Value represents the lightness or darkness of a given hue.
  • 25. Chroma Dimension of Color Space ¨C Chroma is often described as the brightness or saturation of color. Chroma is the least uniform dimension of color space, because not all colors can achieve the same level of chroma.
  • 27. There are four psychological primary colors - red, blue, yellow and green. They relate respectively to the body, the mind, the emotions and the essential balance between these three. The psychological properties of the eleven basic colours are as follows:
  • 28. The Meaning of Colors ¨C Red is the color of energy, passion, action, ambition and determination. It is also the color of anger and sexual passion. ¨C RED. Physical Positive: Physical courage, strength, warmth, energy, basic survival, 'fight or flight', stimulation, masculinity, excitement. Negative: Defiance, aggression, visual impact, strain. Red
  • 29. Blue - Blue is the color of trust and peace. It can suggest loyalty and integrity as well as conservatism and frigidity. - BLUE. Intellectual. Positive: Intelligence, communication, trust, efficiency, serenity, duty, logic, coolness, reflection, calm. Negative: Coldness, aloofness, lack of emotion, unfriendliness.
  • 30. Yellow ¨C Yellow is the color of the mind and the intellect. It is optimistic and cheerful. However it can also suggest impatience, criticism and cowardice. - YELLOW. Emotional Positive: Optimism, confidence, self-esteem, extraversion, emotional strength, friendliness, creativity. Negative: Irrationality, fear, emotional fragility, depression, anxiety, suicide.
  • 31. Green - Green is the color of balance and growth. It can mean both self-reliance as a positive and possessiveness as a negative, among many other meanings. - GREEN. Balance Positive: Harmony, balance, refreshment, universal love, rest, restoration, reassurance, environmental awareness, equilibrium, peace. Negative: Boredom, stagnation, blandness, enervation.
  • 32. ¨C VIOLET. Spiritual Positive: Spiritual awareness, containment, vision, luxury, authenticity, truth, quality. Negative: Introversion, decadence, suppression, inferiority. Violet
  • 33. Orange ¨C Orange is the color of social communication and optimism. From the negative color meaning it is also a sign of pessimism and superficiality. ¨C ORANGE. Positive: Physical comfort, food, warmth, security, sensuality, passion, abundance, fun. Negative: Deprivation, frustration, frivolity, immaturity.
  • 34. Pink - The color psychology of pink is unconditional love and nurturing. Pink can also be immature, silly and girlish. - PINK. Positive: Physical tranquility, nurture, warmth, femininity, love, sexuality, survival of the species. Negative: Inhibition, emotional claustrophobia, emasculation, physical weakness
  • 35. - From a color psychology perspective, gray is the color of compromise being neither black nor white, it is the transition between two non-colors. It is unemotional and detached and can be indecisive. - GREY. Positive: Psychological neutrality. Negative: Lack of confidence, dampness, depression, hibernation, lack of energy. Gray
  • 36. Black - Black is the color of the hidden, the secretive and the unknown, creating an air of mystery. It keeps things bottled up inside, hidden from the world. - BLACK. Positive: Sophistication, glamour, security, emotional safety, efficiency, substance. Negative: Oppression, coldness, menace, heaviness.
  • 37. - White is color at its most complete and pure, the color of perfection. The color meaning of white is purity, innocence, wholeness and completion. WHITE. Positive: Hygiene, sterility, clarity, purity, cleanness, simplicity, sophistication, efficiency. Negative: Sterility, coldness, barriers, unfriendliness, elitism. White
  • 38. Brown - The color brown is a friendly yet serious, down-to-earth color that relates to security, protection, comfort and material wealth. BROWN. Positive: Seriousness, warmth, Nature, earthiness, reliability, support. Negative: Lack of humour, heaviness, lack of sophistication.
  • 39. Indigo - Indigo is the color of intuition. In the meaning of colors it can mean idealism and structure as well as ritualistic and addictive. Purple - Purple is the color of the imagination. It can be creative and individual or immature and impractical. Turquoise - The color meaning of turquoise is communication and clarity of mind. It can also be impractical and idealistic.
  • 40. Magenta - In the meaning of colors, magenta is a color of universal harmony and emotional balance. It is spiritual yet practical, encouraging common sense and a balanced outlook on life. Silver - Silver has a feminine energy; it is related to the moon and the ebb and flow of the tides - it is fluid, emotional, sensitive and mysterious. Gold - Gold is the color of success, achievement and triumph. Associated with abundance and prosperity, luxury and quality, prestige and sophistication, value and elegance, the color psychology of gold implies affluence, material wealth and extravagance.

Editor's Notes

  • #6: Look at the paintingCarnation, Lily, Lily, Rose?by?John Singer Sargent. The reddish-pink color of the flowers really stands out against the green background. Imagine if Sargent had painted all yellow or blue flowers instead. They would just blend in with the green (ho-hum).
  • #7: Orange, yellow-orange, and yellow are an example of analogous colors. They are blended nicely in?Sunflowers, a painting by?Vincent Van Gogh. How do you know that these colors are closely related? They share a color¡ªeach of them contains some yellow.
  • #8: In?Circus,?Georges Seurat?uses many different neutral colors. You can see a few glimpses of red, blue, and yellow in this painting. But the overall effect is of natural brown and gray colors, like those you might see in rocks or in sand, dirt, and clay.
  • #9: In?The Fighting Temeraire?by?William Turner, the warm colors of the sunset give a feeling of brightness and heat. Look at the red spreading from the setting sun and the deep golden glow on the water. If you're feeling cold, looking at colors like these can actually make you feel warmer!
  • #10: This painting by?Vincent Van Gogh,?Fields in a Rising Storm,?has tints and shades of blue in the sky, and tints and shades of green in the fields.