際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Combating multidrug resistance bacteria with essential oils

Download as PPTX, PDF
M
Miguel Diaz

Essential oils from plants such as tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), peppermint (Mentha piperita), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) have demonstrated antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria through their ability to damage bacterial cell membranes and disrupt cellular functions. These essential oils represent promising alternatives or adjuncts to conventional antibiotics for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens like MRSA and ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella. Further research is needed to better understand their synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics to potentially enhance antibacterial activity.

1 of 31
Downloaded 38 times
COMBATING MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA WITH ESSENTIAL OILS Miguel Diaz
MICROBIAL COMPETITION http://www.livescience.com/ Competition for limited resources Excretion of chemicals that are toxic and inhibit growth http://virtuallaboratory.colorado.edu
COEVOLUTION Intrinsic resistance Spontaneous mutations http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
PATHOGENS Disease causing organisms www.cdc.gov http://www.bacteriainphotos.com/bact eria-photo-gallery.html
BACTERIA Bacterial Classification Gram Positive Gram Negative
DISCOVERY OF ANTIBIOTICS 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin Antibiotics have had a significant impact on human health and life Wonder drug http://sciencenational.tumblr.com/
MODES OF ACTION Selective for bacterial cells Unique processes Metabolic pathways Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal Narrow vs Broad Spectrum
ANTIBIOTICS Treat bacterial infections Life saving extending the human lifespan Naturally, Synthetic, Semi-Synthetic Zone of inhibition Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)
ERA OF ANTIBIOTICS Overuse Misuse "The thoughtless person playing with penicillin treatment is morally responsible for the death of the man who succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resistant organism. A. Fleming
RESISTANCE Intrinsic Evolutionary event Genes chromosomal or plasmid HGT R plasmids https://www.niaid.nih.gov
R-PLASMIDS https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com Plasmids Non-chromosomal DNA Housekeeping genes Some carry resistant genes R-plasmids
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Modify and inactivate 畉-lactams Penicillin Prevent drug uptake Chloramphenicol Pump it out Efflux Pump Tetracycline
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER Sharing of genetic material across different genera 3 mechanisms Transformation uptake of DNA from the environment Transduction Virus mediated Conjugation cell to cell sharing type IV pili
MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE http://www.moleculin.com/ Multidrug Efflux Pump http://evolution.berkeley.edu/ R-plasmid with many resistant genes
MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ESKAPE Pathogens Enterococcus faecium (VRE) Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Klebsiella and Escherichia coli producing ESBL Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterbacteriaceae
POST ANTIBIOTIC ERA? Little research and development Mutations can happen quickly and are easily shared What now? We are headed to a post antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can once again kill WHO 2015 http://bk.asia-city.com
ESSENTIAL OILS http://www.questnetproxy.com/ Traditional medicine Topical or inhaled Some toxic if ingested Generally safe Chemotype Changes in chemical phenotype Steam distillation
ESSENTIAL OIL: MODES OF ACTION http://www.mdpi.com/pharmaceuticals Degrade cell wall Damage cytoplasmic membrane Increase permeability Leakage of cell contents Damage membrane proteins Coagulation of cytoplasm Depletion of proton motor force
TERPENOIDS Secondary plant metabolite Isoprene subunits Volatile Compounds Easley evaporated Give plants fragrance (essence)
MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA http://www.teamessence.com.my/ Native to Australia Aboriginals use it for treating infections Know for its antiseptic, antibiotic properties Main constituents terpinen-4-ol -terpineol
TEA TREE OIL Cell Membrane Permeability Leak K+ E. coli and S. aureus Cell Respiration Decrease O2 consumption rate
TEA TREE Lee et al. 2014
MENTHA PIPERITA https://www.tuinplant.nl Native to Europe and Middle East Menthol and Mentone Medicinal Uses Analgesic, cooling, antiemetic muscle rubs Bakkali et al. 2008
PEPPERMINT OIL Singh et al. (2011)
PEPPERMINT OIL Bazargani and Rohloff (2016) Anti-plasmid activity Menthol 96% In combo with promethazine 100% Anti-biofilm
EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Eu calyptus_trunk_zebra_pattern.jpg Indigenous to Australia Medicinal Purpose anesthetic, antiseptic, astringent Constitutes p-cymene (35.0%) cryptone (13.7%) tanins (11%) terpinen-4-ol (5.7%)
EUCALYPTUS http://www.mdpi.com/molecules Jazani et al. 2012
OTHER ESSENTIAL OILS
ESSENTIAL OILS AND MDRO Essential oils can reduce the use of antibiotic Preventative measures Reduce inflammation response Antiseptic Cleaning hospital surfaces Alternative treatments Effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria Synergistic effects In combination with antibiotics Decrease MIC Increase zone inhibition
REFRENCES Bazargani MM, Rohloff J. 2016. Antibiofilm activity of essential oils and plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. Food Control 61:156164. www.cdc.gov Cox.S.D. 2000. The model of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88:170175. Jazani NH, Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Haghighi N, Aghamohammadi N, Zartoshti M. 2012. The hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. has antibacterial activity on multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates. J. Appl. Biol. Sci. 6:3740. Knezevic P, Aleksic V, Simin N, Svircev E, Petrovic A, Mimica-Dukic N. 2016. Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils and their interactions with conventional antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J. Ethnopharmacol. 178:125136. Lee RLP, Leung PHM, Wong TKS. 2014. A randomized controlled trial of topical tea tree preparation for MRSA colonized wounds. Int. J. Nurs. Sci. 1:714. Singh R, Shushni MAM, Belkheir A. 2015. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L. Arab. J. Chem. 8:322328.

More Related Content

Combating multidrug resistance bacteria with essential oils

  • 1. COMBATING MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA WITH ESSENTIAL OILS Miguel Diaz
  • 2. MICROBIAL COMPETITION http://www.livescience.com/ Competition for limited resources Excretion of chemicals that are toxic and inhibit growth http://virtuallaboratory.colorado.edu
  • 3. COEVOLUTION Intrinsic resistance Spontaneous mutations http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
  • 4. PATHOGENS Disease causing organisms www.cdc.gov http://www.bacteriainphotos.com/bact eria-photo-gallery.html
  • 5. BACTERIA Bacterial Classification Gram Positive Gram Negative
  • 6. DISCOVERY OF ANTIBIOTICS 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin Antibiotics have had a significant impact on human health and life Wonder drug http://sciencenational.tumblr.com/
  • 7. MODES OF ACTION Selective for bacterial cells Unique processes Metabolic pathways Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal Narrow vs Broad Spectrum
  • 8. ANTIBIOTICS Treat bacterial infections Life saving extending the human lifespan Naturally, Synthetic, Semi-Synthetic Zone of inhibition Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)
  • 9. ERA OF ANTIBIOTICS Overuse Misuse "The thoughtless person playing with penicillin treatment is morally responsible for the death of the man who succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resistant organism. A. Fleming
  • 10. RESISTANCE Intrinsic Evolutionary event Genes chromosomal or plasmid HGT R plasmids https://www.niaid.nih.gov
  • 11. R-PLASMIDS https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com Plasmids Non-chromosomal DNA Housekeeping genes Some carry resistant genes R-plasmids
  • 13. MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Modify and inactivate 畉-lactams Penicillin Prevent drug uptake Chloramphenicol Pump it out Efflux Pump Tetracycline
  • 14. HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER Sharing of genetic material across different genera 3 mechanisms Transformation uptake of DNA from the environment Transduction Virus mediated Conjugation cell to cell sharing type IV pili
  • 15. MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE http://www.moleculin.com/ Multidrug Efflux Pump http://evolution.berkeley.edu/ R-plasmid with many resistant genes
  • 16. MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ESKAPE Pathogens Enterococcus faecium (VRE) Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Klebsiella and Escherichia coli producing ESBL Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterbacteriaceae
  • 17. POST ANTIBIOTIC ERA? Little research and development Mutations can happen quickly and are easily shared What now? We are headed to a post antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can once again kill WHO 2015 http://bk.asia-city.com
  • 18. ESSENTIAL OILS http://www.questnetproxy.com/ Traditional medicine Topical or inhaled Some toxic if ingested Generally safe Chemotype Changes in chemical phenotype Steam distillation
  • 19. ESSENTIAL OIL: MODES OF ACTION http://www.mdpi.com/pharmaceuticals Degrade cell wall Damage cytoplasmic membrane Increase permeability Leakage of cell contents Damage membrane proteins Coagulation of cytoplasm Depletion of proton motor force
  • 20. TERPENOIDS Secondary plant metabolite Isoprene subunits Volatile Compounds Easley evaporated Give plants fragrance (essence)
  • 21. MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA http://www.teamessence.com.my/ Native to Australia Aboriginals use it for treating infections Know for its antiseptic, antibiotic properties Main constituents terpinen-4-ol -terpineol
  • 22. TEA TREE OIL Cell Membrane Permeability Leak K+ E. coli and S. aureus Cell Respiration Decrease O2 consumption rate
  • 23. TEA TREE Lee et al. 2014
  • 24. MENTHA PIPERITA https://www.tuinplant.nl Native to Europe and Middle East Menthol and Mentone Medicinal Uses Analgesic, cooling, antiemetic muscle rubs Bakkali et al. 2008
  • 26. PEPPERMINT OIL Bazargani and Rohloff (2016) Anti-plasmid activity Menthol 96% In combo with promethazine 100% Anti-biofilm
  • 27. EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Eu calyptus_trunk_zebra_pattern.jpg Indigenous to Australia Medicinal Purpose anesthetic, antiseptic, astringent Constitutes p-cymene (35.0%) cryptone (13.7%) tanins (11%) terpinen-4-ol (5.7%)
  • 30. ESSENTIAL OILS AND MDRO Essential oils can reduce the use of antibiotic Preventative measures Reduce inflammation response Antiseptic Cleaning hospital surfaces Alternative treatments Effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria Synergistic effects In combination with antibiotics Decrease MIC Increase zone inhibition
  • 31. REFRENCES Bazargani MM, Rohloff J. 2016. Antibiofilm activity of essential oils and plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. Food Control 61:156164. www.cdc.gov Cox.S.D. 2000. The model of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88:170175. Jazani NH, Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Haghighi N, Aghamohammadi N, Zartoshti M. 2012. The hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. has antibacterial activity on multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates. J. Appl. Biol. Sci. 6:3740. Knezevic P, Aleksic V, Simin N, Svircev E, Petrovic A, Mimica-Dukic N. 2016. Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils and their interactions with conventional antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J. Ethnopharmacol. 178:125136. Lee RLP, Leung PHM, Wong TKS. 2014. A randomized controlled trial of topical tea tree preparation for MRSA colonized wounds. Int. J. Nurs. Sci. 1:714. Singh R, Shushni MAM, Belkheir A. 2015. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L. Arab. J. Chem. 8:322328.