Commas before conjunctions
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This document discusses the use of commas with coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences, known as FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). It notes that a comma is needed before these conjunctions to join two independent clauses. It also discusses using "and" without a comma to join items, not clauses, as well as including a comma between items in a list. Finally, it addresses the optional "Oxford comma" before the conjunction in the last item of a list. Examples are provided to illustrate each case.
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The Eight Parts of Speech: A Comprehensive Overview
Understanding the parts of speech is fundamental to mastering the English language. The eight parts of speech provide a framework for organizing words and understanding how they function within sentences. Each part of speech plays a unique role, contributing to the meaning and structure of language. This comprehensive overview will explore each of the eight parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. We will discuss their definitions, functions, examples, and significance in communication.
1. Nouns
Definition and Function: Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. They serve as the subjects of sentences, objects of verbs, or objects of prepositions. Nouns can be classified into various categories, including proper nouns (specific names), common nouns (general names), abstract nouns (names of ideas or concepts), and concrete nouns (names of physical objects).
Examples:
Proper Nouns: Albert Einstein, Paris, Christmas.
Common Nouns: teacher, city, holiday.
Abstract Nouns: freedom, love, happiness.
Concrete Nouns: apple, car, river.
Significance: Nouns are essential for constructing sentences and conveying meaning. They provide clarity and specificity, allowing speakers and writers to communicate effectively. By using nouns, we can identify who or what is being discussed, which is crucial for understanding the context of any conversation or written text.
2. Pronouns
Definition and Function: Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence. They help avoid repetition and make sentences smoother and more concise. Pronouns can refer to specific people or things, and they can change form depending on their grammatical function in a sentence (subject, object, possessive).
Types of Pronouns:
Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific persons or things (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs).
Reflexive Pronouns: Refer back to the subject of the sentence (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves).
Demonstrative Pronouns: Point to specific things (e.g., this, that, these, those).
Interrogative Pronouns: Used to ask questions (e.g., who, whom, whose, what, which).
Examples:
Personal: She loves to read.
Possessive: That book is mine.
Reflexive: He did it himself.
Demonstrative: These are my favorite shoes.
Interrogative: Who is coming to the party?
Significance: Pronouns are vital for reducing redundancy in language. By replacing nouns, pronouns make sentences more fluid and easier to read or listen to. They also allow for a more dynamic conversation, enabling speakers to shift focus without losing clarity.
3. Verbs
Definition and Function: Verbs are action words that describe what a subject is doing or experiencing. They can also indicate a state of being. Verbs are essential for constructing sentences, as the
Sentence structure
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Here are the key points about subordinate clauses:
- A subordinate clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb but is not a complete sentence. It depends on an independent clause to complete its meaning.
- Subordinate clauses begin with subordinate conjunctions like although, because, before, since, until, when, while, etc. or relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, that.
- The most common types of subordinate clauses are adverb clauses (modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs) and adjective clauses (modify nouns or pronouns).
- Adverb clauses typically begin with subordinate conjunctions and provide information about time, place, mannerIm not interested in boring movies!
Im not interested in boring movies!BluePearl
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The document provides information about different movie genres and the participant's interests and opinions on movies. It then discusses participles used as adjectives, including past and present participles. Examples are given and statements are completed using participles. Finally, the document covers relative clauses, including who, which and that, and provides examples and exercises joining statements using relative clauses.The article
The articleAlbena Georgieva
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The document discusses the use of articles in English. There are two articles: the definite and indefinite article. The indefinite article (a/an) is used with singular countable nouns to refer to nonspecific or unknown things. The definite article (the) is used to refer to specific or known things. The choice of article depends on whether the noun is modified by a limiting or descriptive attribute.Commas In Sentences (Edi)
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The document provides rules for using commas in sentences, including using commas before coordinating conjunctions joining two independent clauses, after every item in a series except the last, and between two or more adjectives of equal rank that modify the same noun. It emphasizes that using commas correctly shows good grammar skills and makes writing clear. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the rules.Punctuation review
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This document provides guidance on proper punctuation usage, including commas, semicolons, colons, hyphens, dashes, ellipses, slashes, and apostrophes. It discusses how to use these punctuation marks in sentences, between independent clauses, with lists, quotations, titles, numbers, and abbreviations. Examples are given for setting off introductory phrases, antithetical phrases, and long prepositional phrases. The functions of semicolons, colons, hyphens, and dashes are also outlined.Recently uploaded (20)
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In this slide well discuss the installation of odoo 18 with pycharm. Odoo 18 is a powerful business management software known for its enhanced features and ability to streamline operations. Built with Python 3.10+ for the backend and PostgreSQL as its database, it provides a reliable and efficient system. Marketing is Everything in the Beauty Business! 憓 Talent gets you in the ...
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Marketing is Everything in the Beauty Business! 憓
Talent gets you in the gamebut visibility keeps your chair full.
Todays top stylists arent just skilledtheyre seen.
Thats where MyFi Beauty comes in.
We Help You Get Noticed with Tools That Work:
Social Media Scheduling & Strategy
We make it easy for you to stay consistent and on-brand across Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and more.
Youll get content prompts, captions, and posting tools that do the work while you do the hair.
ワ Your Own Personal Beauty App
Stand out from the crowd with a custom app made just for you. Clients can:
Book appointments
Browse your services
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We provide digital flyers, QR codes, and branded business cards that connect straight to your appturning strangers into loyal clients with just one tap.
ｯ The Result?
You build a strong personal brand that reaches more people, books more clients, and grows with you. Whether youre just starting out or trying to level upMyFi Beauty is your silent partner in success.
Viceroys of India & Their Tenure Key Events During British Rule
Viceroys of India & Their Tenure Key Events During British RuleDeeptiKumari61
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The British Raj in India (1857-1947) saw significant events under various Viceroys, shaping the political, economic, and social landscape.
**Early Period (1856-1888):**
Lord Canning (1856-1862) handled the Revolt of 1857, leading to the British Crown taking direct control. Universities were established, and the Indian Councils Act (1861) was passed. Lord Lawrence (1864-1869) led the Bhutan War and established High Courts. Lord Lytton (1876-1880) enforced repressive laws like the Vernacular Press Act (1878) and Arms Act (1878) while waging the Second Afghan War.
**Reforms & Political Awakening (1880-1905):**
Lord Ripon (1880-1884) introduced the Factory Act (1881), Local Self-Government Resolution (1882), and repealed the Vernacular Press Act. Lord Dufferin (1884-1888) oversaw the formation of the Indian National Congress (1885). Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894) passed the Factory Act (1891) and Indian Councils Act (1892). Lord Curzon (1899-1905) introduced educational reforms but faced backlash for the Partition of Bengal (1905).
**Rise of Nationalism (1905-1931):**
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**Towards Independence (1931-1947):**
Lord Willingdon (1931-1936) introduced the Government of India Act (1935), laying India's federal framework. Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944) faced WWII-related crises, including the Quit India Movement (1942). Lord Wavell (1944-1947) proposed the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) and negotiated British withdrawal. Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948) oversaw India's Partition and Independence on August 15, 1947.
**Final Transition:**
C. Rajagopalachari (1948-1950), Indias last Governor-General, facilitated Indias transition into a republic before the position was abolished in 1950.
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Team Science in the AI Era: Talk for the Association of Cancer Center Administrators (ACCA) Team Science Network (April 2, 2025, 3pm ET)
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20250402 Team Science in the AI Era
These slides: TBD
Jim Twin V1 (English video - Heygen) - https://youtu.be/T4S0uZp1SHw
Jim Twin V1 (French video - Heygen) - https://youtu.be/02hCGRJnCoc
Jim Twin (Chat) Tmpt.me Platform https://tmpt.app/@jimtwin
Jim Twin (English video OpenSource) https://youtu.be/mwnZjTNegXE
Jim Blog Post - https://service-science.info/archives/6612
Jim EIT Article (Real Jim) - https://www.eitdigital.eu/newsroom/grow-digital-insights/personal-ai-digital-twins-the-future-of-human-interaction/
Jim EIT Talk (Real Jim) - https://youtu.be/_1X6bRfOqc4
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This slides provide you the information regarding the sexually transmitted diseases as well as about the urinary tract infection. The presentation is based on the syllabus of Bachelor of Pharmacy semester 6 of subject name Pharmacology-III. The data is occupied from the high standard books and along with easy understanding of data. 
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Commas before conjunctions
- 1. Commas Before 'And' (AND ITS OTHER FANBOY FRIENDS)
- 2. Remember your FANBOYS? FANBOYS like for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so are coordinating conjunctions. They join two independent clauses and require a comma. 1. We watched my favorite movie last night, but my best friend did not like that it was three hours long. 2. I cannot keep up with my calendar, so I missed two appointments last week. 3. Nora spends too much time on Instagram, yet she did not even comment on my pictures from Maui. Independent clause , and Independent clause, Join 2 main clauses
- 3. Use the right conjunction Conjunction show relationships, so choose the right one. But, yet, nor= contrast And=sequencing, addition, express dependence So= cause, logical conclusion, functions like 'therefore' For=sequencing, functions like 'because' or 'since', provides reasoning for prior clause Or=provide options, a negative scenario, or alternative ideas
- 4. Independent clause Item and item 'And' can be very independent Use 'and' without a comma to join two items An independent clause begins the sentence followed by two items connected with 'and'. No comma needed. 1. We watched my favorite movie yesterday and spent the evening discussing its visual effects. 2. My calendar is packed with trips and work requirements. 3. Nora lives for Instagram but despises Facebook. Join 2 items...not independent clauses
- 5. Items in a series need a comma item item , and item, Lists need a comma to separate items. Include a comma between 3 or more items. 1. We watched my favorite movies including Mary Poppins, The Neverending Story, and Blade Runner. 2. My summer is packed with trips to the Whitewater Center, Asheville , and Myrtle Beach. 3. Jared lives for Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. Join 3 or more items in a series
- 6. About that last comma in a series... , The final comma in a series is called an Oxford comma. Some documentation styles do not require that last comma (the one before 'and'). 1. We watched my favorite movies including Mary Poppins, The Neverending Story, and Blade Runner. 1. My summer is packed with trips to the Whitewater Center, Asheville and Myrtle Beach. 2. Jared lives for Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. Oxford comma No Oxford comma Oxford comma
- 7. Practice Identify whether a comma is needed or not. 1. When Astrid found her hamster missing from its cage she searched the bookcase under the sofa and all around the kitchen before finding the little rodent in dangling from the curtains. 2. Should I bring a rainjacket or a poncho to the mountains this weekend? 3. Her sneezes rattle the windows and spray germs everywhere. 4. I was in a distracted frenzy last night and the pie in the oven burned to a crisp.
- 8. Answers Identify whether a comma is needed or not. 1. When Astrid found her hamster missing from its cage, she searched the bookcase, under the sofa, and all around the kitchen before finding the little rodent in dangling from the curtains. 2. Should I bring a rainjacket or a poncho to the mountains this weekend? none 3. Her sneezes rattle the windows and spray germs everywhere. none 4. I was in a distracted frenzy last night, and the pie in the oven burned to a crisp.