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Communication & network devices

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Harman Grewal
Harman Grewal

Computer communication involves the transfer of data, instructions, and information between sending and receiving devices using communication channels. It requires a sending device, receiving device, and transmission medium to connect them. Common computer communication methods include email, voice mail, fax, telecommuting, videoconferencing, and the Internet. Devices like modems, cables, routers, and switches facilitate communication over different network topologies.

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COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK DEVICES
COMMUNICATIONS in computers, describes a process in which one computer transfer data, instructions, and information to another computer.
COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRES: 1. SENDING DEVICE – a device that initiates the transfer. 2. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL – provides the pathway over which the message can travel from source to destination.
COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRES: 3. RECEIVING DEVICE – a device that accept the sent material.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS E-MAIL (ELECTRONIC MAIL) – the exchange of text messages and computer files via a communications network.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS VOICE MAIL – an answering machine but converts an analog voice message into digital form.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS FAX (facsimile) machine - sends and receives documents via telephone lines
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUTING – allows employees to work away from the standard workplace and communicate using some communications technology.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS VIDEOCONFERENCING – involves using video and computer technology to conduct a meeting between participants at two or more geographically separate locations.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS GROUPWARE - is a software application that helps people work together and share information over a network.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS BBS (BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM) - a computer that maintains a centralized collection of electronic messages.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) – consist of earth based • receivers that analyze satellite signals to determine the receiver’s geographic location.
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS INTERNET – a worldwide collection of networks.
COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL is the communications path between two devices; this is composed of one or more transmission media.
TRANSMISSION MEDIA • is consists of materials or techniques capable of carrying one or more signals, this is composed of – two types: • the physical • wireless transmission media
2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA 1. PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA – use wire, cable, and other tangible materials to send communications signals, these include:
2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA a) TWISTED PAIR CABLE - often used in telephone networks and LAN. b) COAXIAL CABLE – data travels through the copper wire. c) FIBER-OPTIC CABLE – use light to transmit signals.
2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA 2. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA - send communication signals through the air or space using radio, microwave and infrared signals, these include:
2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA a) BROADCAST RADIO - for radios/television. b) CELLULAR RADIO - for mobile communications/cellular telephones. c) MICROWAVES - radio waves that provide high speed signal transmission.
2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA d) COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE - a space station hat receives microwave signals from an earth based station. e) INFRARED – sends signal using infrared light waves.
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS transmission sent during communications categorized in these characteristics: 1. SIGNAL TYPE A) analog B) digital C) broadband D) baseband
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 2. TRANSMISSION MODES A) asynchronous transmission B) synchronous transmission
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 3. TRANSMISSION DIRECTION A) simplex transmission B) half-duplex transmission C) full duplex transmission
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 4. TRANSFER RATES A) Bandwidths – range of frequencies that a transmission can carry.
TELEPHONE NETWORK the public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the worldwide telephone system that handles voice communication and also an integral part of data communications, sending data via the telephone network travel over a variety of transmission media and can be sent using dial- up lines or dedicated lines.
TELEPHONE NETWORK
TELEPHONE NETWORK DIAL-UP LINES - dial-up line is a temporary connection that uses one or more analog telephone lines for communications.
TELEPHONE NETWORK DEDICATED LINES – connections that always established between two communications devices, it provides constant connection. Businesses can buy or leased dedicated line from telephone or communications Service Company.
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 1. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) LINES – is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 1. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) LINES
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 2. DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINES (DSL) - uses broadband to transmit a greater number of bytes on a standard twisted-pair cable. o Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data.
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 2. DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINES (DSL)
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 3. T-CARRIER LINES - is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications.
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 3. T-CARRIER LINES
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 4. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) - is a service designed to carry voice, data, video, and multimedia at high speeds - currently up to 622 Mbps.
4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 4. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM)
COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE - that makes it possible to send and receive data over telephone lines through modems. - that manage the transmission of data, instruction, and information between computers. - helps users establish a connection to another computer or network. - provide an interface for users to communicate with one another.
COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE
COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device.
COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MODEM - device that perform conversion in digital signals and analog signals, it can be internal or external. - Both the sending and receiving ends of a communications channel must have a modem for data transmission to occur.
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MODEM
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE CABLE MODEM – a modem that sends and receives data over the cable television (CATV) network, which consist largely of coaxial cable.
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE CABLE MODEM
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MULTIPLEXER (MUX) – a device that combines two or more input signals from various devices into a single stream of data and then transmits it over a single transmission medium.
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MULTIPLEXER (MUX)
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE • NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) – an expansion card that you insert into an expansion slot of a personal computer or other device, such as a printer, enabling the device to connect to a network.
COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE • NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
CONNECTING NETWORKS thousands of computer networks exist from small networks to global networks, to interconnect the many types of networks there are many various types of communications devices including these:
CONNECTING NETWORKS HUB – also called concentrator or multistation access unit (MAU), provides a central point for cables in a network, usually contain ports for eight to twelve computers and other devices.
CONNECTING NETWORKS HUB
CONNECTING NETWORKS REPEATER – a device that accepts a signal from a transmission medium, amplifies it, and remits it over the medium.
CONNECTING NETWORKS REPEATER
CONNECTING NETWORKS BRIDGE – a device that connects two LANs using the same protocol such as Ethernet.
CONNECTING NETWORKS BRIDGE
CONNECTING NETWORKS GATEWAY – combination of hardware and software that connects network that use different protocols.
CONNECTING NETWORKS GATEWAY
CONNECTING NETWORKS ROUTER – a device that connects multiple networks including those with different protocols.
CONNECTING NETWORKS ROUTER
NETWORK collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that allows users to share data, information hardware, and software with other users.
NETWORK
TYPES OF NETWORKS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) – is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area.
TYPES OF NETWORKS WIRELESS LAN (WLAN) – is a LAN that uses no physical wires.
TYPES OF NETWORKS METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) – connects LANS in metropolitan area.
TYPES OF NETWORKS WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) – is a network that covers a large geographical area.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY OR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE the configuration or physical arrangement of the device in a communication network.
3 COMMONLY USED NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 1. BUS NETWORK – node must be intelligent enough to listen to the bus.
3 COMMONLY USED NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 2. RING NETWORK – each node has an equal amount of intelligence.
3 COMMONLY USED NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 3. STAR NETWORK – all nodes are joined at single central point using one link for each node.
PROTOCOL is a set of rules and procedures for exchanging information among computers.
PROTOCOL ETHERNET - is a LAN protocol that allows personal computers to contend for access to a network.
PROTOCOL TOKEN RING - is protocol that control access to a network by requiring that a special signal called a token is shared or passed among network devices.
PROTOCOL TCP/IP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL) - is a set of protocols used to manage data transmission by breaking it up into packets.
INTRANETS are internal networks that use Internet and Web technologies, it makes company information accessible to employees to facilitate working in groups.
INTRANETS
EXTRANET is an intranet that extends to authorize users outside the company.

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Communication & network devices

  • 2. COMMUNICATIONS in computers, describes a process in which one computer transfer data, instructions, and information to another computer.
  • 3. COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRES: 1. SENDING DEVICE – a device that initiates the transfer. 2. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL – provides the pathway over which the message can travel from source to destination.
  • 4. COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRES: 3. RECEIVING DEVICE – a device that accept the sent material.
  • 5. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS E-MAIL (ELECTRONIC MAIL) – the exchange of text messages and computer files via a communications network.
  • 6. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS VOICE MAIL – an answering machine but converts an analog voice message into digital form.
  • 7. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS FAX (facsimile) machine - sends and receives documents via telephone lines
  • 8. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUTING – allows employees to work away from the standard workplace and communicate using some communications technology.
  • 9. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS VIDEOCONFERENCING – involves using video and computer technology to conduct a meeting between participants at two or more geographically separate locations.
  • 10. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS GROUPWARE - is a software application that helps people work together and share information over a network.
  • 11. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS BBS (BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM) - a computer that maintains a centralized collection of electronic messages.
  • 12. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) – consist of earth based • receivers that analyze satellite signals to determine the receiver’s geographic location.
  • 13. USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS INTERNET – a worldwide collection of networks.
  • 14. COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL is the communications path between two devices; this is composed of one or more transmission media.
  • 15. TRANSMISSION MEDIA • is consists of materials or techniques capable of carrying one or more signals, this is composed of – two types: • the physical • wireless transmission media
  • 16. 2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA 1. PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA – use wire, cable, and other tangible materials to send communications signals, these include:
  • 17. 2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA a) TWISTED PAIR CABLE - often used in telephone networks and LAN. b) COAXIAL CABLE – data travels through the copper wire. c) FIBER-OPTIC CABLE – use light to transmit signals.
  • 18. 2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA 2. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA - send communication signals through the air or space using radio, microwave and infrared signals, these include:
  • 19. 2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA a) BROADCAST RADIO - for radios/television. b) CELLULAR RADIO - for mobile communications/cellular telephones. c) MICROWAVES - radio waves that provide high speed signal transmission.
  • 20. 2 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA d) COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE - a space station hat receives microwave signals from an earth based station. e) INFRARED – sends signal using infrared light waves.
  • 21. TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS transmission sent during communications categorized in these characteristics: 1. SIGNAL TYPE A) analog B) digital C) broadband D) baseband
  • 22. TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 2. TRANSMISSION MODES A) asynchronous transmission B) synchronous transmission
  • 23. TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 3. TRANSMISSION DIRECTION A) simplex transmission B) half-duplex transmission C) full duplex transmission
  • 24. TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 4. TRANSFER RATES A) Bandwidths – range of frequencies that a transmission can carry.
  • 25. TELEPHONE NETWORK the public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the worldwide telephone system that handles voice communication and also an integral part of data communications, sending data via the telephone network travel over a variety of transmission media and can be sent using dial- up lines or dedicated lines.
  • 27. TELEPHONE NETWORK DIAL-UP LINES - dial-up line is a temporary connection that uses one or more analog telephone lines for communications.
  • 28. TELEPHONE NETWORK DEDICATED LINES – connections that always established between two communications devices, it provides constant connection. Businesses can buy or leased dedicated line from telephone or communications Service Company.
  • 29. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 1. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) LINES – is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.
  • 30. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 1. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) LINES
  • 31. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 2. DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINES (DSL) - uses broadband to transmit a greater number of bytes on a standard twisted-pair cable. o Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data.
  • 32. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 2. DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINES (DSL)
  • 33. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 3. T-CARRIER LINES - is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications.
  • 34. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 3. T-CARRIER LINES
  • 35. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 4. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) - is a service designed to carry voice, data, video, and multimedia at high speeds - currently up to 622 Mbps.
  • 36. 4 POPULAR TYPES OF DIGITAL LEASED LINES 4. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM)
  • 37. COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE - that makes it possible to send and receive data over telephone lines through modems. - that manage the transmission of data, instruction, and information between computers. - helps users establish a connection to another computer or network. - provide an interface for users to communicate with one another.
  • 39. COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device.
  • 40. COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
  • 41. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MODEM - device that perform conversion in digital signals and analog signals, it can be internal or external. - Both the sending and receiving ends of a communications channel must have a modem for data transmission to occur.
  • 42. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MODEM
  • 43. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE CABLE MODEM – a modem that sends and receives data over the cable television (CATV) network, which consist largely of coaxial cable.
  • 44. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE CABLE MODEM
  • 45. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MULTIPLEXER (MUX) – a device that combines two or more input signals from various devices into a single stream of data and then transmits it over a single transmission medium.
  • 46. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE MULTIPLEXER (MUX)
  • 47. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE • NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) – an expansion card that you insert into an expansion slot of a personal computer or other device, such as a printer, enabling the device to connect to a network.
  • 48. COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE • NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
  • 49. CONNECTING NETWORKS thousands of computer networks exist from small networks to global networks, to interconnect the many types of networks there are many various types of communications devices including these:
  • 50. CONNECTING NETWORKS HUB – also called concentrator or multistation access unit (MAU), provides a central point for cables in a network, usually contain ports for eight to twelve computers and other devices.
  • 52. CONNECTING NETWORKS REPEATER – a device that accepts a signal from a transmission medium, amplifies it, and remits it over the medium.
  • 54. CONNECTING NETWORKS BRIDGE – a device that connects two LANs using the same protocol such as Ethernet.
  • 56. CONNECTING NETWORKS GATEWAY – combination of hardware and software that connects network that use different protocols.
  • 58. CONNECTING NETWORKS ROUTER – a device that connects multiple networks including those with different protocols.
  • 60. NETWORK collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that allows users to share data, information hardware, and software with other users.
  • 62. TYPES OF NETWORKS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) – is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area.
  • 63. TYPES OF NETWORKS WIRELESS LAN (WLAN) – is a LAN that uses no physical wires.
  • 64. TYPES OF NETWORKS METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) – connects LANS in metropolitan area.
  • 65. TYPES OF NETWORKS WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) – is a network that covers a large geographical area.
  • 66. NETWORK TOPOLOGY OR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE the configuration or physical arrangement of the device in a communication network.
  • 67. 3 COMMONLY USED NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 1. BUS NETWORK – node must be intelligent enough to listen to the bus.
  • 68. 3 COMMONLY USED NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 2. RING NETWORK – each node has an equal amount of intelligence.
  • 69. 3 COMMONLY USED NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 3. STAR NETWORK – all nodes are joined at single central point using one link for each node.
  • 70. PROTOCOL is a set of rules and procedures for exchanging information among computers.
  • 71. PROTOCOL ETHERNET - is a LAN protocol that allows personal computers to contend for access to a network.
  • 72. PROTOCOL TOKEN RING - is protocol that control access to a network by requiring that a special signal called a token is shared or passed among network devices.
  • 73. PROTOCOL TCP/IP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL) - is a set of protocols used to manage data transmission by breaking it up into packets.
  • 74. INTRANETS are internal networks that use Internet and Web technologies, it makes company information accessible to employees to facilitate working in groups.
  • 76. EXTRANET is an intranet that extends to authorize users outside the company.