This document discusses the evolution of marketing concepts from production-oriented to more customer-centric approaches. It outlines the major concepts in chronological order: production concept focused on efficiency; product concept focused on product quality; selling concept focused on aggressive sales; marketing concept focused on customer wants. More modern approaches include relationship marketing to build long-term customer relationships, integrated marketing to coordinate all communication, internal marketing to motivate employees, and performance marketing to evaluate financial and social returns. The holistic concept takes a broad view of the interdependencies between these components.
3. Types of Mar ket i ng I deas
i n or der of t hei r
evol ut i on ar e as f ol l ows:Pr oduct i on
Concept
Pr oduct Concept
Sel l i ng Concept
Mar ket i ng
Concept
5. Consumers pref er wi del y avai l abl e and
i nexpensi ve product s -
Product i on Concept
-Thi s concept i s used f or busi ness
expansi on.
Managers are
producti on
ori ented and
focus on
gai ni ng hi gh
effi ci ency
lowcost and
6. The concept
i s i deal f or
compani es
l i ke Lenovo
and Hai er
oper at i ng i n
Chi na wher e
i nexpensi ve
8. Consumer s pr ef er pr oduct s wi t h best qual i t y
per f or mance and i nnovat i ve f eat ur es
- Pr oduct Concept
Manager s ai m at maki ng super i or pr oduct s and
i mpr ovi ng t hem over t i me.
9. Manager s ar e somet i mes caught i n
Mouset r ap Fal l acy .
The y f a i l t o r e a l i z e t ha t be t t e r
p r o d uc t s no t ne c e s s a r i l y be
s uc c e s s f ul unl e s s p r i c e d ,
d i s t r i but e d , a d v e r t i s e d a nd s o l d
p r o p e r l y .
15. To achi eve goal s, i t i s
necessar y t o be mor e
ef f ect i ve t han compet i t or
i n cr eat i ng, del i ver i ng and
communi cat i ng super i or
cust omer val ues t o chosen
Tar get Mar ket s.
16. Mar ket er needs t o
f i nd r i ght pr oduct
f or i t s cust omer and
not vi ce ver sa l i ke
i n sel l i ng
concept .
17. I n
mar ket i ng mor e advanced,
hi gh l evel i nnovat i on i s
possi bl e i f t he f ocus i s
19. i s concept i s based on t he devel opment , desi gn,
and i mpl ement at i on of mar ket i ng pr ogr ams,
pr ocesses, and act i vi t i es t hat r ecogni ze t hei r
br eadt h and i nt er dependenci es. I t f ur t her has
f our maj or component s.
Hol i st i
c
Market i
ng
21. Rel at i onshi p market i ng ai ms t o
bui l d mut ual l y sat i sf yi ng l ong-
t er m r el at i onshi ps wi t h key
const i t uent s i n or der t o ear n
and r et ai n t hei r
busi ness.
22. Key const i t uent s
f or rel at i onshi p
market i ng are
cust omers,
empl oyees,
market i ng
part ners and
23. Ul t i mat e out come of r el at i onshi p
mar ket i ng i s a uni que company asset
cal l ed a MARKETING NETWORK, consi st i ng
of t he company and i t s suppor t i ng
st akehol der s. The oper at i ng pr i nci pl e
i s si mpl e: bui l d an ef f ect i ve net wor k
24. Anot her
i mpor t ant
goal of
r el at i onshi p
mar ket i ng i s
t o pl ace much
mor e
at t ent i on t o
26. I nt egr at ed mar ket i ng occur s when
t he mar ket er devi ses mar ket i ng
act i vi t i es and assembl es
mar ket i ng pr ogr ams t o cr eat e,
communi cat e, and del i ver val ue
f or consumer s such t hat t he
whol e i s gr eat er t han t he sum of
i t s par t s.
27. I n i nt egr at ed
mar ket i ng, a
mar ket er makes
sur e t hat al l
communi cat i ons and
ef f or t s of t he
company ar e wel l
i nt egr at ed t o
i ncr ease t he
pr oduct i vi t y of
t he over al l
syst em.
28. The company must
al so devel op an
i nt egr at ed channel
st r at egy. I t shoul d
assess each channel
opt i on f or i t s
di r ect ef f ect on
pr oduct sal es and
br and equi t y, as
wel l as i t s i ndi r ect
ef f ect t hr ough
i nt er act i ons wi t h
ot her channel
opt i ons
30. Int ernal market i ng
i s t he t ask of
hi r i ng, t r ai ni ng,
and mot i vat i ng
abl e empl oyees who
want t o ser ve
cust omer s wel l .
31. I nt er nal mar ket i ng r equi r es
ver t i cal al i gnment wi t h
seni or management and
hor i zont al al i gnment wi t h
ot her depar t ment s, so
ever yone under st ands,
appr eci at es, and suppor t s t he
mar ket i ng ef f or t .
33. Perf ormance market i ng
r equi r es under st andi ng
t he f i nanci al and
nonf i nanci al r et ur ns
t o busi ness and
soci et y f r om mar ket i ng
act i vi t i es and
pr ogr ams and has t wo
component s.
34. FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABLITY where
Market ers are i ncreasi ngl y asked t o
j ust i f y t hei r i nvest ment s i n
f i nanci al and prof i t abi l i t y t erms, as
wel l as i n t erms of bui l di ng t he
brand and growi ng t he cust omer base
35. Because t he ef f ect s of
market i ng ext end beyond t he
company and t he cust omer t o
soci et y as a whol e, market ers
consi der t he et hi cal ,
envi ronment al , l egal , and