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Complex sentence

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Chawin Maninun

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one dependent clause. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought and must be attached to an independent clause. There are two patterns for writing complex sentences: pattern one uses a comma to separate the dependent clause, which comes first, from the independent clause. Pattern two does not use a comma, with the independent clause coming first followed by the dependent clause. Common words like although, before, and when can make a clause dependent.

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Complex Sentence Will Mani
Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Before we talk about types of sentences in English, you need to understand a few terms: What is a phrase ? What is a clause ? Independent ? Dependent ? What is a sentence ?
CoComplex Sentences mplex Sentences: What is a phrase ? A phrase is a group of words, but they are not complete thoughts. Phrases cannot stand alone because they are missing either a subject or a main verb . For example: the dog in the park walks to school
Complex Sentences: What is a clause ? A clause is a group of words with a subject and verb. Two types of clauses - independent and dependent . Independent clauses can stand alone as complete sentences. Ex. The dog is brown. Dependent clauses can not stand alone as complete sentences. Ex. Although the dog is brown
Complex Sentences: What is a sentence ? A sentence is a group of words with a subject and a verb that is a complete thought . It can stand alone, so it is also called an independent clause. For example: The dog is brown. She ate lunch in the park. The girl walks to school.
Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Review: Phrase - a group of words that are not complete thoughts and cannot stand alone. It is missing either a subject or verb. Clause - a group of words with a subject and verb. Clauses can be either independent or dependent . Sentence - a group of words with a subject and a verb that is a complete thought.
Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Independent Clauses An independent clause , or sentence, is a group of words with a subject and verb. It is a complete thought that CAN stand alone. For example: The dog is brown. She ate lunch in the park. The girl walks to school. Independent Clause = Sentence
Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Dependent Clauses A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and verb. However, it is NOT a complete thought; therefore, it can NOT stand alone as a complete sentence. For example: Although the dog is brown As soon as she ate lunch in the park After the girl walks to school
Complex Sentences: Now that you understand what phrases , clauses (dependent & independent), and sentences are, we can talk about COMPLEX sentences. 3 Types of Sentences in English: Simple Sentences The dog is brown . Compound Sentences The dog is brown , but the cat is grey . Complex Sentences Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful .
Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences A COMPLEX sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause. For example: Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful . Before she ate lunch in the park , she bought a coffee . After the girl walks to school , she will start studying .
Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences A dependent clause can NOT stand alone as a compete sentence, so it must be attached to an independent clause . Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful . Before she ate lunch in the park , she bought a coffee . After the girl walks to school , she will start studying . Dependent clause + Independent clause = COMPLEX sentence
Complex Sentences: What words make a clause DEPENDENT? Subordinating Conjunctions* Time: after, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while Reason/Condition : because, since, as, if, whether Place/Location : where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere Contrast : although, even though, though, whereas, while Similarities: just as, as *This is not a complete list.
Complex Sentences: A subordinating conjunction makes a clause DEPENDENT For example: INdependent : Maria studies English . DEpendent : After Maria studies English INdependent : I love to cook . DEpendent : Just as I love to cook INdependent : Omar is driving to work . DEpendent : While Omar is driving to work
Complex Sentence Patterns: Complex Sentence Patterns VERY IMPORTANT COMMA RULE: Pattern 1: DEPENDENT CLAUSE + COMMA + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful . After the girl walks to school , she will start studying . Pattern 2: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + DEPENDENT CLAUSE (No comma!!) The dog is beautiful although it is brown . The girl will start studying after she walks to school .
Complex Sentences: Here are the same complex sentences using Pattern 2: Independent Clause + Dependent Clause ( no comma!) The dog is beautiful although it is brown . She bought a coffee before she ate lunch in the park . The girl will start studying after she walks to school
Complex Sentences : Complex Sentences Examples of complex sentences: He goes to school after he finishes work . She felt better as soon as she took the medicine . Before you apply to college , you have to take an entrance exam . It has been a year since I left home . We cant leave the room until everyone has finished the test . Whenever I dont sleep well , I feel sick the next day . Jack excels at sports because he trains hard . I can never remember where I put my keys .
Complex Sentences : Review : Pattern 1: DEPENDENT CLAUSE + COMMA + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Because he trains hard , Jack excels at sports. Pattern 2: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + DEPENDENT CLAUSE (No comma!!) Jack excels at sports because he trains hard .
Adapted from Introduction to Academic Writing , Third Edition, by Alice Oshima & Ann Hogue .
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Complex sentence

  • 2. Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Before we talk about types of sentences in English, you need to understand a few terms: What is a phrase ? What is a clause ? Independent ? Dependent ? What is a sentence ?
  • 3. CoComplex Sentences mplex Sentences: What is a phrase ? A phrase is a group of words, but they are not complete thoughts. Phrases cannot stand alone because they are missing either a subject or a main verb . For example: the dog in the park walks to school
  • 4. Complex Sentences: What is a clause ? A clause is a group of words with a subject and verb. Two types of clauses - independent and dependent . Independent clauses can stand alone as complete sentences. Ex. The dog is brown. Dependent clauses can not stand alone as complete sentences. Ex. Although the dog is brown
  • 5. Complex Sentences: What is a sentence ? A sentence is a group of words with a subject and a verb that is a complete thought . It can stand alone, so it is also called an independent clause. For example: The dog is brown. She ate lunch in the park. The girl walks to school.
  • 6. Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Review: Phrase - a group of words that are not complete thoughts and cannot stand alone. It is missing either a subject or verb. Clause - a group of words with a subject and verb. Clauses can be either independent or dependent . Sentence - a group of words with a subject and a verb that is a complete thought.
  • 7. Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Independent Clauses An independent clause , or sentence, is a group of words with a subject and verb. It is a complete thought that CAN stand alone. For example: The dog is brown. She ate lunch in the park. The girl walks to school. Independent Clause = Sentence
  • 8. Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences Dependent Clauses A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and verb. However, it is NOT a complete thought; therefore, it can NOT stand alone as a complete sentence. For example: Although the dog is brown As soon as she ate lunch in the park After the girl walks to school
  • 9. Complex Sentences: Now that you understand what phrases , clauses (dependent & independent), and sentences are, we can talk about COMPLEX sentences. 3 Types of Sentences in English: Simple Sentences The dog is brown . Compound Sentences The dog is brown , but the cat is grey . Complex Sentences Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful .
  • 10. Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences A COMPLEX sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause. For example: Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful . Before she ate lunch in the park , she bought a coffee . After the girl walks to school , she will start studying .
  • 11. Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences A dependent clause can NOT stand alone as a compete sentence, so it must be attached to an independent clause . Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful . Before she ate lunch in the park , she bought a coffee . After the girl walks to school , she will start studying . Dependent clause + Independent clause = COMPLEX sentence
  • 12. Complex Sentences: What words make a clause DEPENDENT? Subordinating Conjunctions* Time: after, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while Reason/Condition : because, since, as, if, whether Place/Location : where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere Contrast : although, even though, though, whereas, while Similarities: just as, as *This is not a complete list.
  • 13. Complex Sentences: A subordinating conjunction makes a clause DEPENDENT For example: INdependent : Maria studies English . DEpendent : After Maria studies English INdependent : I love to cook . DEpendent : Just as I love to cook INdependent : Omar is driving to work . DEpendent : While Omar is driving to work
  • 14. Complex Sentence Patterns: Complex Sentence Patterns VERY IMPORTANT COMMA RULE: Pattern 1: DEPENDENT CLAUSE + COMMA + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Although the dog is brown , it is beautiful . After the girl walks to school , she will start studying . Pattern 2: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + DEPENDENT CLAUSE (No comma!!) The dog is beautiful although it is brown . The girl will start studying after she walks to school .
  • 15. Complex Sentences: Here are the same complex sentences using Pattern 2: Independent Clause + Dependent Clause ( no comma!) The dog is beautiful although it is brown . She bought a coffee before she ate lunch in the park . The girl will start studying after she walks to school
  • 16. Complex Sentences : Complex Sentences Examples of complex sentences: He goes to school after he finishes work . She felt better as soon as she took the medicine . Before you apply to college , you have to take an entrance exam . It has been a year since I left home . We cant leave the room until everyone has finished the test . Whenever I dont sleep well , I feel sick the next day . Jack excels at sports because he trains hard . I can never remember where I put my keys .
  • 17. Complex Sentences : Review : Pattern 1: DEPENDENT CLAUSE + COMMA + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Because he trains hard , Jack excels at sports. Pattern 2: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + DEPENDENT CLAUSE (No comma!!) Jack excels at sports because he trains hard .
  • 18. Adapted from Introduction to Academic Writing , Third Edition, by Alice Oshima & Ann Hogue .