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Construction equipments

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Manikandan
Manikandan

This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment. It begins by explaining how proper equipment use can improve economy, quality, safety and timely project completion. It then classifies equipment into categories such as earth-moving, hauling, hoisting, conveying, aggregate production and more. Specific equipment are described within each category, including their uses and capabilities. For example, it details how backhoes are well-suited for excavating below grade and how draglines can dig below their track level in soft materials. The document concludes by noting the importance of haulers for transporting materials and rollers for compacting soils and asphalt.

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Construction Equipments Presented By, T. Manikandan B.tech., M.E., Asst. Prof. – Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sembodai Rukmani Varatharajan Engineering College, Sembodai – 614809.
Introduction • In the case of huge construction projects Proper use of the appropriate equipment contributes to economy, quality, safety, speed and timely completion of a project. • Equipment are use for highway projects, irrigation, buildings, power projects etc. • 15-30% of total project cost has been accounted towards equipment and machinery
Classification of Construction Equipment  Earth-moving equipment  Hauling equipment  Hoisting equipment  Conveying equipment  Aggregate and concrete production equipment  Pile-driving equipment  Tunneling and rock drilling equipment  Pumping and dewatering equipment
Excavating and earth moving equipment Power shovel  Back hoe  Drag line  Clam shell  Scrapers  Bull dozer.
Power shovel To excavate the earth and to load the trucks  capable of excavating all types of earth except hard rock  size varies from 0.375m3 to 5m3  Suitable for close range of work  Capable of digging very hard materials  can remove big sized boulders  It is used in various types of jobs such as digging in gravel banks, clay pits, digging cuts in road works etc.
Back hoe It is used to excavate below the natural surface on which it rests.  Generally used to excavate trenches, pits for basements and also for grading works, which requires precise control of depths.  It is the most suitable machine for digging below the machine level, such as, trenches, footings, basements etc.  It can be efficiently used to dress or trim the surface avoiding the use of manual effort for dressing the excavated the surface.
Drag line  A dragline can dig and dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.  Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and handling softer materials. It is the most suitable machine for dragging softer material and below its track level.  It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring.  It is mostly used in the excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment without hauling units.
Clam shell  The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in cubic meters.  Used for handling loose material such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, coal etc. Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one location to another.  Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam, sewer main holes, well foundations .
Trenching machine Used for excavating trenches for laying pipelines, sewerage, cables etc  Operation is quick giving the required depth or width.  Two types of trenching machines are wheel type, ladder type.
Scrapers Unique machine for digging and long-distance hauling of plough able materials. self-operating machine, It is not dependent on other equipment.  Wheels of machine cause some compaction. The basic parts of scrapers are the bowl, apron and tail gate or ejector.
Bull dozer For spreading the earth fill.  For opening up pilot roads through mountainous and rocky terrains.  Clearing construction sites. Maintaining haul roads Clearing land from the trees and stumps. back-filling trenches at construction sites by dragging the earth from one place to another.
Earth compaction equipment Smooth-wheel rollers. Pneumatic tyred rollers.
Smooth-wheel rollers Used for ordinary rolling work where deep compaction is not required.  These rollers may have one front and two rear wheels.  The rear wheels being usually larger in diameter and the front one being winder. Weight of rollers may be increased by filling water or sand ballast in hollow cylinder. These rollers are effective in compacting granular soils, such as sand, gravel and crushed stone.
Pneumatic tyred rollers The use of a pneumatic roller (or rubber tire roller) is vital in the compaction process of asphalt paving as it is able to conform the surface being paved. In order to achieve the proper compaction and density of the asphalt and to ensure a long lasting, smooth pavement surface, the use of a rubber tire roller in the paving process is paramount.
Hauling Equipment The equipment used for transportation of material are known as hauling equipment or simply haulers.  Haulers may operate on the roadways or railways. It involve transportation of building materials, carriage and disposal of excavated earth haulage of heavy construction equipment.  These are classified on the basis of method of dumping the load: 1. Dump trucks Side or rear dump trucks Bottom dump trucks 2. Dumpers
Dump trucks There are two types (a) Side or rear dump trucks:- These trucks are suitable for use in hauling wet clay, sand, gravel, quarry rocks etc. (b)Bottom dump trucks:- These trucks are suitable for use in hauling free flowing material, such as gravel, dry earth, hard clay etc.
Dumpers  Loading, hauling and dumping is done very fast as compared to other equipment  Suitable for short hauls on rough roads, Specially where a shuttle movement is required.
Don’t worry about failures, worry about the chance you miss when you don’t even try it !! ThankYouAll!!

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Construction equipments

  • 1. Construction Equipments Presented By, T. Manikandan B.tech., M.E., Asst. Prof. – Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sembodai Rukmani Varatharajan Engineering College, Sembodai – 614809.
  • 2. Introduction • In the case of huge construction projects Proper use of the appropriate equipment contributes to economy, quality, safety, speed and timely completion of a project. • Equipment are use for highway projects, irrigation, buildings, power projects etc. • 15-30% of total project cost has been accounted towards equipment and machinery
  • 3. Classification of Construction Equipment  Earth-moving equipment  Hauling equipment  Hoisting equipment  Conveying equipment  Aggregate and concrete production equipment  Pile-driving equipment  Tunneling and rock drilling equipment  Pumping and dewatering equipment
  • 4. Excavating and earth moving equipment Power shovel  Back hoe  Drag line  Clam shell  Scrapers  Bull dozer.
  • 5. Power shovel To excavate the earth and to load the trucks  capable of excavating all types of earth except hard rock  size varies from 0.375m3 to 5m3  Suitable for close range of work  Capable of digging very hard materials  can remove big sized boulders  It is used in various types of jobs such as digging in gravel banks, clay pits, digging cuts in road works etc.
  • 6. Back hoe It is used to excavate below the natural surface on which it rests.  Generally used to excavate trenches, pits for basements and also for grading works, which requires precise control of depths.  It is the most suitable machine for digging below the machine level, such as, trenches, footings, basements etc.  It can be efficiently used to dress or trim the surface avoiding the use of manual effort for dressing the excavated the surface.
  • 7. Drag line  A dragline can dig and dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.  Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and handling softer materials. It is the most suitable machine for dragging softer material and below its track level.  It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring.  It is mostly used in the excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment without hauling units.
  • 8. Clam shell  The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in cubic meters.  Used for handling loose material such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, coal etc. Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one location to another.  Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam, sewer main holes, well foundations .
  • 9. Trenching machine Used for excavating trenches for laying pipelines, sewerage, cables etc  Operation is quick giving the required depth or width.  Two types of trenching machines are wheel type, ladder type.
  • 10. Scrapers Unique machine for digging and long-distance hauling of plough able materials. self-operating machine, It is not dependent on other equipment.  Wheels of machine cause some compaction. The basic parts of scrapers are the bowl, apron and tail gate or ejector.
  • 11. Bull dozer For spreading the earth fill.  For opening up pilot roads through mountainous and rocky terrains.  Clearing construction sites. Maintaining haul roads Clearing land from the trees and stumps. back-filling trenches at construction sites by dragging the earth from one place to another.
  • 12. Earth compaction equipment Smooth-wheel rollers. Pneumatic tyred rollers.
  • 13. Smooth-wheel rollers Used for ordinary rolling work where deep compaction is not required.  These rollers may have one front and two rear wheels.  The rear wheels being usually larger in diameter and the front one being winder. Weight of rollers may be increased by filling water or sand ballast in hollow cylinder. These rollers are effective in compacting granular soils, such as sand, gravel and crushed stone.
  • 14. Pneumatic tyred rollers The use of a pneumatic roller (or rubber tire roller) is vital in the compaction process of asphalt paving as it is able to conform the surface being paved. In order to achieve the proper compaction and density of the asphalt and to ensure a long lasting, smooth pavement surface, the use of a rubber tire roller in the paving process is paramount.
  • 15. Hauling Equipment The equipment used for transportation of material are known as hauling equipment or simply haulers.  Haulers may operate on the roadways or railways. It involve transportation of building materials, carriage and disposal of excavated earth haulage of heavy construction equipment.  These are classified on the basis of method of dumping the load: 1. Dump trucks Side or rear dump trucks Bottom dump trucks 2. Dumpers
  • 16. Dump trucks There are two types (a) Side or rear dump trucks:- These trucks are suitable for use in hauling wet clay, sand, gravel, quarry rocks etc. (b)Bottom dump trucks:- These trucks are suitable for use in hauling free flowing material, such as gravel, dry earth, hard clay etc.
  • 17. Dumpers  Loading, hauling and dumping is done very fast as compared to other equipment  Suitable for short hauls on rough roads, Specially where a shuttle movement is required.
  • 18. Don’t worry about failures, worry about the chance you miss when you don’t even try it !! ThankYouAll!!