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Copd. pptx

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VijayaLakshmi581

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by obstructed airflow from the lungs. The main causes are smoking, occupational exposures, and air pollution. Symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves lung function tests, chest X-rays, and blood gas tests. Treatment focuses on medications, oxygen therapy, surgery, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and prevent further disease progression and complications like pneumonia and respiratory failure.

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COPD[CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE]
DEFINITION: ? Copd is the progressive and partially reversible disease of the airway. ? Chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airway and out of the lung permanent and progressive obstruction over time.
Causes ? SMOKING ? OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ? AIR POLLUTION ? SUDDEN AIRWAY CONSTRICTION IN RESPONSE TO INHALED IRRITENT ? BRONCHIAL HUPERRESPONSIVENESS(IT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF ASTHMA) ? GENETICS
COPD
Clinical Features ? Chronic cough ? Sputum production ? Wheezing ? Chest tightness ? Dyspnea on exertion ? Weight loss ? Respiratory insufficiency ? Respiratory infections
Physical Signs ? Barrel shaped chest ? Expiratory through pursed lips
COPD Includes ? BRONCHITIS ? EMPHYSEMA
BRONCHITIS It is a inflammation of bronchi Leading to increase in mucus production , cough and eventual scaring Of the bronchial lining. It us defined as a Production of cough and sputum for 3 months.
EMPHYSEMA ? It is a distention of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of alveolar septa, ? Types of Emphysema: * Paraseptal Emphysema * Panacinar Emphysema * Centriacinar Emphysema * Irregular Emphysema
RISK FACTORS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ?
PATHOLOGY ? Chronic inflammation ? Increase in number of goblet cell ? Mucus gland hyperplasia ? Fibrosis ? Narrowing and reduction of small airways ? Airway collapse due to the Loss of tethering caused by alveolar wall destruction in Emphysema
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ? Frequent productive cough during winter ? Chronic sputum production ? Dysnea ? Hemoptisis ? Hypercapnea ? Hypoximia
DIAGNOSIS ? Chest X Ray ? Sputum testing ? Lung functioning test ? ABG(Arterial Blood gas) ? CBC(Complete blood Count )
MANAGEMENT ? Medications ? Surgical management
MEDICATION ? Mild copd- Beta 2 Agonist { Formetrol ; Salmeterol;Terbutalin} ? Moderate copd- Along with beta 2 agonist {Ipratropium bromide;oxitropium bromide} and anticholinergics {Tiotropium} ? Severe copd- inhaled glucocorticosteroids {Beclomethosone;Budesonide;fluticasone}
MEDICATIONS ? Very severe copd *Long term o2 *Ventilatory assistance *Management of cardiac failure *Consider surgical management *All drugs are followed
Surgical management ? Bullectomy ? Lung volume reduction ? Lung transplantation
O2 therapy ? Goals of O2 therapy Its is used to treat hypoxia ? To refuse the work of breathing ? To maintain the PaO2 ? To reduse workload of the heart
COMPLICATIONS ? Pneumonia ? Respiratory failure ? Cor pulmonale
PREVENTION ? Vaccination regularly
PREVENTION ? Stay away from infectious person
PREVENTION ? Quit smoking
PREVENTION ? Eat regular balanced diet
PREVENTION ? DrInk plenty fresh water at least 1.5 L/day
PREVENTION ? Get plenty of sleep
? THANK YOU

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Copd. pptx