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W W W a n d W e b s i t e
U R L s
The World Wide Web is a vast network of interconnected documents and
resources, accessible to anyone with an internet connection. URLs play a
crucial role in navigating this vast network.

W h a t i s t h e Wo r l d W i d e W e b ?
1 Interconnected
Documents
The World Wide Web (WWW)
is a system of interlinked
hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet.
2 Hyperlinks
Users navigate the web by
clicking on hyperlinks,
which connect different
documents and resources.
3 Information Access
The web provides a platform
for sharing information,
accessing resources, and
connecting with others
worldwide.
4 Global Network
The WWW is accessible from
anywhere in the world with an
internet connection, making it
a truly global information
system.

Brief his tory of the
World Wide Web
1
19 8 9
Tim Berners- Lee proposes a global hypertext system, laying
the foundation for the World Wide Web.
2
19 9 1
The first web server and browser are created at CERN,
marking the official birth of the WWW.
3 19 9 3
The Mosaic web browser is released, making the web
accessible to the general public and sparking rapid growth.
4
19 9 0 s
The web evolves rapidly, with the introduction of HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript, shaping the modern web experience.

H o w t h e w e b w o r k s : U R L s a n d d o m a i n n a m e s
Domain Names
Human-readable names for websites,
like "google.com," which are associated
with IP addresses.
URLs (Uniform
Resource Locators)
Unique addresses used to identify
and locate resources on the web,
including websites, documents, and
files.
DNS (Domain Name
System)
A hierarchical system that translates
human-readable domain names into
numerical IP addresses, enabling
computers to connect to websites.

Anatomy of a
URL
Protocol Specifies the communication
method (e.g., http, https)
Domain The website or resource's unique
name (e.g., google.com)
Path Indicates the specific location of
the resource within the website
(e.g., /search)
Query Parameters Optional information used to
modify the resource's behavior
(e.g., ?q=search+term)
Hash Fragment Identifies a specific section or
element within the resource (e.g.,
#results)

Types of top-level
domains (TLDs)
Generic TLDs
Common extensions used for
various purposes (e.g., .com,
.org, .net)
Country Code TLDs
Represent specific countries
(e.g., .us, .uk, .de)
New TLDs
Emerging extensions for
specific niches or purposes
(e.g., .shop, .app, .cloud)
Sponsored TLDs
Extensions managed by specific
organizations or industries (e.g.,
.edu, .gov)

Unders tanding s ubdomains
1
M a i n D o m a i n
The primary domain name (e.g.,
example.com)
2
S u b d o m a i n
A hierarchical level within a domain,
used to organize websites or
resources (e.g., blog.example.com)
3
S e c o n d - Le v e l D o m a in
The part of the domain name
immediately after the subdomain (e.g.,
blog)

Query s trings and has h fragments in
URLs
Query Strings
Used to pass data to a server, often for searching or filtering
(e.g., ?q=search+term)
Hash Fragments
Used to identify specific sections or elements within a
webpage, allowing users to jump to specific content
(e.g., #results)

Bes t practices for
URLs
1 Keep URLs
Short
Use concise and descriptive
words for readability and
memorability.
2 Use Hyphens
for Separation
Separate words with hyphens
for better readability and
se arch engine optimization.
3 Use Lowercase Letters
Avoid using uppercase letters
in URLs for consistency and
compatibility.
4 Avoid
Special
Characters
Stick to standard letters,
numbers, and hyphens to
ensure proper URL parsing.

T h e f u t u r e o f U R L s a n d t h e w e b
Global Interconnectivity
The web will continue to
evolve and expand,
connecting more people and
resources globally.
Cloud- Based Services
Cloud computing will play a
more prominent role, enabling
faster and more accessible
web services.
AI- Powered
Experiences
Artificial intelligence will
enhance web experiences,
personalizing content and
improving user interactions.
Decentralization and
Security
Blockchain technology will
enhance web security and
decentralization, fostering a
more trusted and transparent
online environment.

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