The document discusses 5 core mechanics implemented in a game:
1) A crowd of actors that bounce between invisible walls like in Pong.
2) A spaceship beam that pulls the player upwards instead of a difficult to implement ladder.
3) Falling girders created by spawning shapes with velocity and timers for destruction.
4) Gravity boxes that alter physics for crossing obstacles or free play.
5) Animations of clouds, signs, and lampposts to make the single level game visually appealing and enjoyable to play.