Cosohinhthanhgiaca1l
- 1. 1HE THI MON: CO SO HINH THANH GIA CA 'ang cho hoc vien di! ky thi Thdm dinh vien ye gia Itig -444fPffireft Thai gian lam bai: 150 phtit (khOng ke thai gian phat de) SO 1 L Cau 1: Anh (Chi) hay neu cac hinh thlic bidu hien cila gia theo g6c dO Marketing. Cau 2: Quy 111'4 gia tri, quy luat canh tranh, quy luat cung cau tac &Ong den sir hinh thanh va van &Ong cita gia ca thi twang nInt the nao ? Nha nu& can chti trong nhang van de gi de nhan thiic va van dung cac quy luat nay trong ding tac quail 1ST gia.
- 2. DAP AN DP So 1 L Cau 1: (4 didm) - Gia ca mang nhieu ten goi khac nhau theo cac loaf hang hoa va dich vu: TT Cic thuat ngit thay th6 Loai san phalli/ dich vu 1 Gia ca Hdu het cac loci hang hoa... 2 Hoc phi Cdc khoa hoc gido duc... 3 Tien thue Nha hay sir dung cac phueng tien nao do... 4 Lai sual Gia sir dung tien... 5 Le phi Cac dich vu chuyen nghiep 101 su, bac si... 6 Cur& Cdc dich vu van chuydn, thOng tin... 7 Tien Wong/ lien cOng Tra cho hang h6a sire lao dQng... 8 Hoa hong Cho viec thuc hien cac chirc nang thuonf mai... - Dinh nghia gia ca: + Voi hoat Ong trao d6i: "Gia la meii ttro'ng quan trao d6i tren thi trueng". . Gia la bidu tutting gia tri cua san pham, dich vu trong hoat Ong trao d6i. . Trao d6i qua gia 1a trao d6i dua tren gia tri cua nhang thir dem trao . Gia c6 the mang nhang ten goi khac nhau nhung deu dung tren mQt y nghia kinh to chung: Lei ich duec xac Binh bang tien. + Voi nguei mua: "Gia ca cua mQt san pham hoac dich vu la khoin tien ma nguei mua phai tra cho nguei ban dd duec quyen so him, sir dung san pilau' hay dich vu do". . Gia la chi phi bang lien ma ngiroi mua phai be ra dd co duY uc nhiing lei ich ma hp tim kiem o hang h6a va dich vu. . 'Thich mua ro la xu hurting c6 tinh quy 1114 trong ung xir ve gia cua nguei mua. . Gia chi la dai dien cho mot bQ phan chi phi (threc tinh bang tier') ma ngubi mua phai be ra de se hitu va sir dung san pham. + Voi nguei ban: "Gia ca cua mQt hang h6a, dich vu la khoan thu nhap nguoi ban nhan du'o'c nhe viec tieu thu san pham do".
- 3. . Trong hoat Ong trao d6i, ngu'bi ban &rig vai tre cung tang hang hoa va dich vu, thOa man nhu cau va troc mu6n cua ngtrbi mua va mu6n nhan lai gia tri hang hoa, dich vu d6 dtroc bidu hien dtroi hinh thlic gia . Gia cua mot don vi san pham = Doanh thu/ don vi hang hoa, dich vu. + Nhan xet: . Gia la bidu s6 duy nhat cua Marketing- mix tao doanh thu cho doanh nghiep. . ThOng tin ve gia luOn gili vai tre s6 1 trong viec de xuat cac guy& dinh kinh doanh not chung va guy& dinh ye gia not ridng. Cali 2: (6 didm) * Dac trung cua 3 quy luat kinh - Cac quy luat cua thi trung tao ra Ong lire kinh te, d6 chinh la loi Ich vat chat ma nhling ngubi tham gia thi trtreng c6 thd dat + Trong nen kinh to bao gib cling ton tai dong thbi cac loi Ich: loi Ich xa hOi, loi Ich tap: thd, loi Ich ca nhan, trong d6 loi Ich ca nhan la Ong Tue true tiep. + Trong nen kinh to nhieu thanh phan thi kinh to to nhan thifeng rat nhay cam voi cac quy luat kinh te" cua thi trtiong so voi cac thanh phan kinh to khac. - Trong nen kinh te" thi tiverng, cac quy 111'4 kinh te cua thi trung 1a quy 101: trung tam, la co s6, la d'Ong luc cua cac quy luat kinh to khac va chi phi cac hien ttrong kinh te, nhung cluing lai hoat Ong to phat, vi vay trong quail 157 vi mo nen kinh te, throe het phai nhan thirc ro dd van dung va die'u tiet cluing vi loi Ich cua qu6c ke dan sinh. - Cac quy luat kinh to cua thi throng phat sinh va phat tridn gan voi su phat sinh va phat tridn kinh to hang h6a, kinh te" thi trtreing. Quan he san xuat khOng lam thay d6i du'oc ban chat cilia cac quy luat kinh te d6. * Cac quy luat kinh te cua thi trtrong co m6i quan he mat thiet voi nhau, trong do quy luat gia tri co vai tre quan trong nhat. Cac quy luat nay tac Ong den gia den cac yeti t6 thi trtrbng theo nhling chieu hutong kirk nhau, do do tao ra so da Bang va phong plui cua cac hien urong gia ca thi throng. - Quy luat gia tri, la quy luat co ban cua san xuat hang hoa, tao cho ngubi mua, ngabi ban nhling &Ong lire quan trong. + Ngubi mua bao gio cling mu6n t6i da hoa loi Ich sir dung, gia thap. + Nobi ban bao gib cling muein t6i da hoa loi nhuan, gia cao.
- 4. - Quy luat canh- tranh, la quy luat ciia nen kinh to thi truing, canh tranh hoat Ong ph6 Bien tren thi truing. + Canh tranh din ra Oda nhimg ngireii ban vai nhiing ngtr6i mua de di den mot mirc gia ma 2 ben ding chap nhan hoac cling chap nhan mire gia thi twang ma m6i ca nhan deu khong c坦 kha nang anh ha6'ng tOi. + Canh tranh giita nhitng ngir6i ban voi nhau thtro'ng la cac thu (loan nham chiem 1mmh thi truing, -trong do thii clop gia ca la mot c6ng cu canh tranh ph6 Hen va quan trong. + Canh tranh giita nhitng ngtr6i mua voi nhau nham t6i da hoa loi ich sit dung. Canh tranh tao ra mot xu the ep gia thi truing sat voi gia tri. - Quy luat cung- cau, guy& dinh truc tiep mire gia thi trur6ng thOng qua sir van Ong cua quan he cung- cau. + Mtte gia thi truing thuc hien cac chirc nang: . Can doi cung- cau 6' theii diem mua ban. Chi cho cac nha san xuat biet can phai tang hay giam khoi lung ski xuat, kh6i luong hang hoa cung img ra thi trireing. + Gia thi truing la cai c坦 tilt& quan he cung- cau, thOng qua gia thi truing nha san xuat c坦 the nhan biet Wong d6i chinh xac nhu cau cua thi trirong de cung img mot Wong hang Ma tiro'ng dOi phii hop. + Su can bang cung- cau la co sO quan trong de on dinh gia ca cua tirng loci hang hoa. +Van dung cac quy luat kinh to thi truing cua nha nu& vao pan 17 gia: - Cac quy luat kinh to thi truing tren (3 quy luat) c坦 vai tro rat quan trong doi voi sa hinh thanh va van ding cua gia ca. Neu quy 101 cung- cau guy& dinh sir xuat hien gia thi hiking thi quy luat gia tri va quy luat canh tranh lai guy& dinh nhiing mire gia, ma Ca xu the van Ong cua gia ca. Quy luat canh tranh con tao ra co the de khOng the chi phi, Om chi phi va on dinh gia ca. Viec nha ntrOc de cho cac doanh nghiep to guy& dinh gia ca theo nhiing dieu kien cu the ciia thi truing la mot quy& dinh khach quan va citing clan cua nha flack. + Quy 101 gia tri va quy 1114 canh tranh tao ra 2 lac ngu'oc chieu nhau dOi voi sir hinh thanh va van Ong cua gia ca, ca 2 lac nay ding ton tai song song tren thi truing. Nha nit& can tao mOi throng thuan lo'i de cac doanh nghiep canh tranh voi nhau nhu; thac hien viec c6 phan hOa cac doanh nghiep nha ntroc, ban hanh he thong cac dao luat kinh to va kinh doanh, tao hanh lang hoat ding cho cac doanh
- 5. nghiep. Nhang nganh va linh vuc nha nude dOc quye'n thi phai c6 Hen phap han the tinh d'Oc quy'en va quye'n lu'c cua dOc quy6n; &Ong theii phai c6 six quan 1ST chi phi bang nhi'6u bien phap khac nhau. Day cling la mot bien phap can thiet de Nha nit& quail 1ST gia. - Tut do canh tranh da buOc cac doanh nghiep phai quail 1ST chat the chi phi nham dim gia sat voi gia thi tru'6ng. Neu mirc loi nhuan dat duic khOng cao, cac doanh nghiep buOc phai tinh toan giira loi nhuan do gia ca dem lai voi lai suat tin vay, giira sir rui ro va quy du trit lira thOng dd on dinh gia thi trueing. Voi tit cach la ngu6i tlx do kinh doanh, tix do canh tranh, cac doanh nghiep khong bao gi6 chiu dung ra lap guy du trot lu-u thong de on dinh gia thi tru'eing do nhiing rui ro 16n va Tong quay von cham. VI vay, nhang mat hang thi& yeu, quan trong thi nha nu6c can c6 bien phap can thiep d'd on Binh gia thi throng. - On dinh gia la yeti eau tat y'6u de on dinh n'6n kinh to va dOi song nhan dan. Nha int& can c6 nhiing chinh sach va bien phap can thiep de on dinh gia, dac biet nhilng mat hang thiet y'6u, quan trong... nhirng mat hang chiu anh hirong cua diet' kien tar nhien, thi trit6ng quoc