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Couplings : Types & Applications

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Amaresh Choudhary
Amaresh Choudhary

Couplings are used to connect two shafts together for power transmission. The main types are rigid couplings for aligned shafts, like flanged, split, keyed, and friction couplings, and flexible couplings for misaligned shafts, like universal joints, constant velocity joints, and fluid couplings. Flexible couplings allow for minor axial, angular, and parallel misalignment between shafts. Common flexible couplings include jaw & spider couplings, tyre couplings, and bellows couplings. Couplings allow power transmission between shafts, accommodate shaft misalignment, reduce shocks, and make assembly/disassembly easier.

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COUPLING
WHAT IS COUPLING ? A device that is used to connect two shafts(Input Shaft & Output Shaft / driving shaft & driven shaft) together for the purpose of power transmission.
WHY DO WE NEED COUPLINGS ? Power can be transmitted by means of various gear arrangements or drives only if the shafts are parallel. Couplings are used when the shafts are in a straight line and are to be connected end to end to transmit power.
PURPOSE OF COUPLING ? 1. Power Transmission 2. Joining misalignment of shafts 3. Reduce shock violation 4.Easy to assemble and disassemble
TYPES OF COUPLING ? General types of couplings are: rigid: for aligned shafts flexible: for non-aligned shafts
ALIGNED SHAFT COUPLINGS Aligned shaft couplings are RIGID COUPLINGS that are designed to draw two shafts together so that no motion can occur between them. Types Flanged Split Coupler Keyed Friction
MUFF / SLEEVE COUPLING Sleeve couplings are nothing but just sort of thick hollow cylinder/pipe called as sleeveormuff. Demo
MUFF / SLEEVE COUPLING The sleeve is manufactured keeping the diameter of shaft in mind so that the shaft fits perfectly into the sleeve. The driver & driven, both the shafts are then inserted into each side of the sleeve. Also two or more threaded holes are provided into the sleeve as well as in both of the shafts end so that they dont move in longitudnal direction Also the keyway and key ensures that the shaft and sleeve doesnt slip.
SPLIT MUFF / CLAMP COUPLING In split muff coupling, the sleeve or muff isnt a single different part instead it is split into 2
SPLIT MUFF / CLAMP COUPLING In split muff coupling, the sleeve or muff isnt a single different part instead it is split into 2 The muffs are semi-cylindrical in shape which then fits over the shaft. Threaded holes are provided on the muffs so that both the shafts can be joined with steel bolts or studs. The special feature of this coupling is that it can be assembled and disassembled without changing the position of shaft. Application- They are used for medium to heavy duty load with moderate speed.
FLANGED COUPLING A key is used to to fix the coupling to the shaft, and then couplings are bolted together. Demo
GEAR COUPLING The gear coupling is another modified version of the FLANGE COUPLING Demo
GEAR COUPLING In gear coupling, the flange and hub are different parts assembled together instead of a single part as in flange coupling. The hubs are externally splined but they are so thick and deep that you can regard them as gear teeth. Also the flanges have internal teeth. The gear ratio is 1:1 and are meshed together. The single joint gear couplings are limited to lower angular misalignments. Application- Gear couplings are used for heavy-duty applications where requirement of torque transmission is higher.
Keyed Coupler Grooves are cut into the shaft and the fixed part. A key is put in the grooves to lock the two parts together.
Friction Coupling Clutch Disengaged Clutch Engaged Driver Plate A Friction Material Driven Shaft Stationary Driver Shaft In motion Driver Shaft In motion Driven Shaft In motion
NON-ALIGNED SHAFT COUPLINGS Used to join SHAFTS THAT MEET AT A SLIGHT ANGLE / INTERSECTING SHAFTS Angle may still change while running due to vibration or load. Types: Universal Constant Velocity Flexible
UNIVERSAL JOINT COUPLING Consist of two end yokes and a center bearing block. Provides for angular misalignment of up to 45 degrees.
CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINT Used where angles are greater than 20 and there is no room to use two universal joints. Driven shaft maintains a constant speed regardless of driver shaft angle. Used on driveshafts on front wheel drive cars.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING Where shafts cant be aligned properly Best for Power Transmission Limitation Costly / complex construction
FLEXIBLE - BUSH PIN COUPLING Able to Manage: 1.0.1 to 0.5 mm eccentricity 2.Minor angular misalignment(up to 3 degree) Suitable for : High Torque transmission
TYRE COUPLING
Acts as Self-Aligning Agent Avoids Metal Contact Smoothness Vibration Gives Life to Bearings Removes Unpleasant Sound Takes End Level Shock Load Makes Easy Replacement Suits to Vertical Drive Avoids Cost Against Breakdown Decreases Temperature Rise TYRE COUPLING
JAW & SPIDER COUPLING
JAW & SPIDER COUPLING Their application is ideal for transmitting torque while damping torsional vibrations and absorbing shocks produced by the uneven operation of certain prime movers torsionally flexible and designed for positive torque transmission. They are failsafe. Operational vibrations and shocks are efficiently dampened and reduced
FLUID COUPLING
FLUID COUPLING Fluid coupling consists of 2 parts a pump & a turbine. Both of these have blades mounted inside at a certain angle. The pump is mounted on the end of driver shaft while the turbine on the driven shaft. The fluid enters into the pump through its centre and when the driver shaft rotates, due to centrifugal force it is pushed outwards. The casing is such that it diverts the motion of fluid into the turbine and the turbine blades along with turbine starts rotating. This way the pump and the turbine both make a coupling. When an extra part called a reactor is introduced between the pump and the turbine, surprisingly the device becomes a torque converter which is an alternative to manual clutch in automatic transmission systems in cars !
FLUID COUPLING Application- It is widely used in marine and industrial applications where controlled start-up of the power transmission is very essential.
BELLOWS COUPLING
BELLOWS COUPLING Bellows couplings are an assembly of two aluminum hubs and a uniform, thin walled stainless steel bellows. The use of aluminum hubs with a bellows results in a coupling with very low inertia, The characteristics of bellows make them an ideal method for transmitting torque in motion control applications. The bellows allow the coupling to bend easily under loads caused by the three basic types of misalignment between shafts (angular, parallel, axial motion).
BIBBY COUPLING
BIBBY COUPLING Applications : Cement Mills in grinding and crushing machinery. Cranes Conveyors Turbines Marine Auxiliaries Paper Mills
COUPLINGS PARALLEL SHAFT Used to join PARALLELSHAFTS Case of eccentricity in Rotating shafts
OLDHAMs COUPLINGS Used to join PARALLELSHAFTS Case of eccentricity in Rotating shafts Driving Tongue Driven
OLDHAMs COUPLINGS

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Couplings : Types & Applications

  • 2. WHAT IS COUPLING ? A device that is used to connect two shafts(Input Shaft & Output Shaft / driving shaft & driven shaft) together for the purpose of power transmission.
  • 3. WHY DO WE NEED COUPLINGS ? Power can be transmitted by means of various gear arrangements or drives only if the shafts are parallel. Couplings are used when the shafts are in a straight line and are to be connected end to end to transmit power.
  • 4. PURPOSE OF COUPLING ? 1. Power Transmission 2. Joining misalignment of shafts 3. Reduce shock violation 4.Easy to assemble and disassemble
  • 5. TYPES OF COUPLING ? General types of couplings are: rigid: for aligned shafts flexible: for non-aligned shafts
  • 6. ALIGNED SHAFT COUPLINGS Aligned shaft couplings are RIGID COUPLINGS that are designed to draw two shafts together so that no motion can occur between them. Types Flanged Split Coupler Keyed Friction
  • 7. MUFF / SLEEVE COUPLING Sleeve couplings are nothing but just sort of thick hollow cylinder/pipe called as sleeveormuff. Demo
  • 8. MUFF / SLEEVE COUPLING The sleeve is manufactured keeping the diameter of shaft in mind so that the shaft fits perfectly into the sleeve. The driver & driven, both the shafts are then inserted into each side of the sleeve. Also two or more threaded holes are provided into the sleeve as well as in both of the shafts end so that they dont move in longitudnal direction Also the keyway and key ensures that the shaft and sleeve doesnt slip.
  • 9. SPLIT MUFF / CLAMP COUPLING In split muff coupling, the sleeve or muff isnt a single different part instead it is split into 2
  • 10. SPLIT MUFF / CLAMP COUPLING In split muff coupling, the sleeve or muff isnt a single different part instead it is split into 2 The muffs are semi-cylindrical in shape which then fits over the shaft. Threaded holes are provided on the muffs so that both the shafts can be joined with steel bolts or studs. The special feature of this coupling is that it can be assembled and disassembled without changing the position of shaft. Application- They are used for medium to heavy duty load with moderate speed.
  • 11. FLANGED COUPLING A key is used to to fix the coupling to the shaft, and then couplings are bolted together. Demo
  • 12. GEAR COUPLING The gear coupling is another modified version of the FLANGE COUPLING Demo
  • 13. GEAR COUPLING In gear coupling, the flange and hub are different parts assembled together instead of a single part as in flange coupling. The hubs are externally splined but they are so thick and deep that you can regard them as gear teeth. Also the flanges have internal teeth. The gear ratio is 1:1 and are meshed together. The single joint gear couplings are limited to lower angular misalignments. Application- Gear couplings are used for heavy-duty applications where requirement of torque transmission is higher.
  • 14. Keyed Coupler Grooves are cut into the shaft and the fixed part. A key is put in the grooves to lock the two parts together.
  • 15. Friction Coupling Clutch Disengaged Clutch Engaged Driver Plate A Friction Material Driven Shaft Stationary Driver Shaft In motion Driver Shaft In motion Driven Shaft In motion
  • 16. NON-ALIGNED SHAFT COUPLINGS Used to join SHAFTS THAT MEET AT A SLIGHT ANGLE / INTERSECTING SHAFTS Angle may still change while running due to vibration or load. Types: Universal Constant Velocity Flexible
  • 17. UNIVERSAL JOINT COUPLING Consist of two end yokes and a center bearing block. Provides for angular misalignment of up to 45 degrees.
  • 18. CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINT Used where angles are greater than 20 and there is no room to use two universal joints. Driven shaft maintains a constant speed regardless of driver shaft angle. Used on driveshafts on front wheel drive cars.
  • 19. FLEXIBLE COUPLING Where shafts cant be aligned properly Best for Power Transmission Limitation Costly / complex construction
  • 20. FLEXIBLE - BUSH PIN COUPLING Able to Manage: 1.0.1 to 0.5 mm eccentricity 2.Minor angular misalignment(up to 3 degree) Suitable for : High Torque transmission
  • 22. Acts as Self-Aligning Agent Avoids Metal Contact Smoothness Vibration Gives Life to Bearings Removes Unpleasant Sound Takes End Level Shock Load Makes Easy Replacement Suits to Vertical Drive Avoids Cost Against Breakdown Decreases Temperature Rise TYRE COUPLING
  • 23. JAW & SPIDER COUPLING
  • 24. JAW & SPIDER COUPLING Their application is ideal for transmitting torque while damping torsional vibrations and absorbing shocks produced by the uneven operation of certain prime movers torsionally flexible and designed for positive torque transmission. They are failsafe. Operational vibrations and shocks are efficiently dampened and reduced
  • 26. FLUID COUPLING Fluid coupling consists of 2 parts a pump & a turbine. Both of these have blades mounted inside at a certain angle. The pump is mounted on the end of driver shaft while the turbine on the driven shaft. The fluid enters into the pump through its centre and when the driver shaft rotates, due to centrifugal force it is pushed outwards. The casing is such that it diverts the motion of fluid into the turbine and the turbine blades along with turbine starts rotating. This way the pump and the turbine both make a coupling. When an extra part called a reactor is introduced between the pump and the turbine, surprisingly the device becomes a torque converter which is an alternative to manual clutch in automatic transmission systems in cars !
  • 27. FLUID COUPLING Application- It is widely used in marine and industrial applications where controlled start-up of the power transmission is very essential.
  • 29. BELLOWS COUPLING Bellows couplings are an assembly of two aluminum hubs and a uniform, thin walled stainless steel bellows. The use of aluminum hubs with a bellows results in a coupling with very low inertia, The characteristics of bellows make them an ideal method for transmitting torque in motion control applications. The bellows allow the coupling to bend easily under loads caused by the three basic types of misalignment between shafts (angular, parallel, axial motion).
  • 31. BIBBY COUPLING Applications : Cement Mills in grinding and crushing machinery. Cranes Conveyors Turbines Marine Auxiliaries Paper Mills
  • 32. COUPLINGS PARALLEL SHAFT Used to join PARALLELSHAFTS Case of eccentricity in Rotating shafts
  • 33. OLDHAMs COUPLINGS Used to join PARALLELSHAFTS Case of eccentricity in Rotating shafts Driving Tongue Driven