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The document discusses three major learning theories: behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist. Behavioral learning theory examines observable behaviors and how they are shaped by environmental stimuli. Cognitive learning theory focuses on internal mental processes and how learners organize and understand information. Constructivist learning theory proposes that learners construct new knowledge based on their own experiences. Overall, the document suggests that understanding different learning theories can help instructional designers develop effective strategies to support learning.Behaviourism, Cognitivism and Constructivism: Teaching & Learning Paradigm
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This document discusses three learning theories: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Behaviorism sees learning as changes in observable behavior and focuses on external conditioning processes. Cognitivism views learning as an internal process of acquiring and organizing cognitive structures through memory, rules, and thinking. Constructivism posits that learners construct knowledge by working to solve realistic problems. Each theory provides a different perspective on the learning process and informs different instructional approaches, with behaviorism focusing on external reinforcement, cognitivism on developing cognitive abilities, and constructivism emphasizing hands-on, student-centered active learning.Learning theories
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This document discusses several learning theories:
1) Behaviourism focuses on measurable behaviors and how learners adapt responses based on role models.
2) Constructivism means learners construct their own knowledge, either individually or collectively, to solve problems and benefit their community.
3) Connectivism defines learning through technological connections like social media that allow learners to connect.
The document provides an overview of these theories and links to a YouTube video further explaining behaviourism, constructivism, connectivism, and cognitivism.Behaviorism in Education
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Behaviorism is an educational learning theory that focuses on observable behaviors and learning through experiences. Two important figures in behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov who discovered classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner who developed operant conditioning. In the classroom, behaviorism suggests that teachers should clearly define desired behaviors, provide immediate praise or rewards when students display those behaviors, and use reinforcement to shape student learning. learning theories 
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This document summarizes theories of learning and the learning process. It discusses five major theories of learning: mind theory, connectionist theory, behaviorism, gestalt theory, and progressivism. It also outlines the stages of the learning process and three basic types of learning theories: behaviorism, cognitivism, and social constructivism. The document concludes that teaching should be anchored to various learning theories in order to produce effective results and enhance students' skills, and that educators should not limit students' learning based on their own experiences.Behaviorism
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The document summarizes behaviorism, a learning theory that focuses on external stimuli and reinforcement of behaviors. It describes key theorists like Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura and their experiments studying stimulus-response conditioning and reinforcement. In behaviorist classrooms, teachers would reward desirable behaviors and discourage undesirable ones to shape student learning through environmental influences rather than internal cognitive processes.Behaviorism, constructivism, cognitivism
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This document discusses different views of learners, learning, teachers, and classrooms from behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist perspectives.
The behavioral view sees the learner as passive and shaped by environmental stimuli without internal reflection. The teacher controls learning through reinforcement. The cognitive view sees the active learner integrating new and existing knowledge through mental processing. The teacher provides tools for organizing information.
The constructivist view is learner-centered, with students constructing their own understanding through hands-on experiences. The teacher acts as a guide, using modeling, coaching and scaffolding to facilitate student-led discussion and interactive, project-based activities.Process of learning
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Sir Lancelot was the most famous knight of King Arthur's round table. He was raised by the Lady of the Lake after being given to her as a baby. Lancelot was known as a brave hero but could also be arrogant. King Arthur's downfall was partly due to Lancelot's affair with Arthur's wife Guinevere, whom Arthur had married. The round table was round so that all knights would be equal and no one would sit at the head.¶Ù²¹¾±±ô²â²Ô±ð·É²õ3º·¡²õ´Ç
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At a Christmas feast in Camelot, a Green Knight appeared and challenged King Arthur's knights to a game where their heads would be cut off. Sir Gawain took up the challenge. A year later on New Year's Day, Sir Gawain traveled to the Green Chapel to meet the Green Knight. On his journey, he encountered Lord Bertilak and stayed at his castle. At the chapel, it was revealed that the Green Knight was actually Lord Bertilak, who had been testing Sir Gawain's courage and honor. Sir Gawain passed the test.King arthur
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King Arthur ruled over England with his wife Queen Gwynevere. His half-sister Morgan Le Fay was an evil witch, while the wise magician Merlin mentored Arthur. Lancelot was Arthur's brave and loyal knight and best friend. The legend tells of Arthur's quest for the Holy Grail against the forces of Morgan Le Fay.Medieval presentation
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The Code of Chivalry outlined 12 virtues that knights of the Round Table were expected to uphold, including faith, charity, justice, and valor. During the Medieval period, religion had a strong influence on art, literature, and daily life. King Arthur, a mythic Celtic figure, established the Knights of the Round Table to protect the kingdom. Knights like Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain embodied chivalric ideals of courage, honor, and courtesy. Feudalism defined social and political relationships, with lords providing protection to vassals and peasants in exchange for loyalty and labor.King arthur
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This document summarizes various theories about the historical identities of King Arthur. It discusses how Arthur is claimed as the king of several Celtic kingdoms in Britain during the 6th century, including theories that he was a Breton king, the king Riothamus recorded in history, a Dumnonian king, a Cumbrian king, a Pennine king, a king of Elmet, a Scottish king, or a Powysian king. However, the document notes that while many men named Arthur existed, there is little evidence any were the great man of legend.Monomyth
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Campbell outlines 17 stages of the hero's journey monomyth: 1) The call to adventure where the hero is drawn into forces beyond their understanding. 2) Refusal of the call where the hero refuses to give up their own interests. 3) Supernatural aid is promised to help against the journey's ills. 4) Crossing the first threshold where the hero enters a zone of danger and magnified power. 5) The belly of the whale stage is a form of self-annihilation and rebirth. 6) The road of trials includes obstacles and dreams aided by supernatural helpers. 7) The hero meets the goddess representing life. 8) The woman as temptress represents the difference between how lifeThe Epic and Epic Hero
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An epic is a long narrative poem that tells the story of divine beings and people fighting a war or taking a long and arduous journey. Epics revolve around the struggles of a heroic figure and typically include supernatural forces, battles, speeches, and a statement of theme. The epic hero reflects the values of their culture, struggles for important ideals, and fights against rejected ideas, sometimes with divine help.Ramayana (123)
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The Ramayana tells the story of King Dasaratha of Ayodhya who has no sons. Through a sacrifice, he is promised four sons who will be incarnations of Vishnu: Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna. Rama is the eldest and favorite. He marries Sita. Later, Rama is exiled from the kingdom for 14 years due to the scheming of his stepmother, despite being the rightful heir. Sita and Lakshmana accompany him. Bharata refuses to rule in Rama's place while he is in exile.Ramayana background information
Ramayana background informationmrs.kocan
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The Ramayana is an important Hindu epic composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE by the Brahmin poet Valmiki. It follows the characters of Rama and Sita who are models of proper behavior according to Hindu life and values. The epic explores themes of love, duty, and suffering as prescribed by dharma, with wives expected to devote themselves fully to their husbands, husbands to prioritize dharma over their marriages, and all citizens to accept their roles and endure hardship righteously as it determines their next lifetime.King Arthur
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The document provides an overview of key people, places, and events in the Arthurian legends across 8 chapters. It summarizes Arthur pulling the sword from the stone and becoming king, his lineage being questioned, his marriage to Guinevere, his affair with Margawse producing Mordred, the formation of the Round Table, battles with Rome and Lancelot's affair with Guinevere being revealed, the war between Arthur and Lancelot, and Arthur's final battle with Mordred which leads to his death and transport to Avalon.Ramayana (456)
Ramayana (456)mrs.kocan
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Ravana kidnaps Sita after tricking her with a magical deer. Hanuman finds Sita and gives her a ring from Rama. A battle ensues between Rama and Ravana's army. Rama defeats and kills Ravana. Sita enters a fire to prove her purity, and emerges unharmed. However, rumors cause Rama to exile Sita again. She gives birth to twins and years later is reunited with Rama before ascending to heaven.Introduction to Mythology
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This document defines mythology and discusses common themes and characteristics of myths. It states that myths are anonymous, traditional stories that explain beliefs, customs, or natural phenomena. Myths typically examine the relationship between individual desires and societal responsibilities. They originally served to entertain but also sought to explain human nature and instruct. Myths often feature deities with superhuman attributes and human flaws who explain origins, nature, death, and the function of divinities. Common themes include first parents being gods of sky and earth, a creator god fashioning humans from earth, and a great flood destroying mortals. Heroes in myths may have unusual births or strengths and embark on journeys to the underworld.The Matriarchal Society
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This document discusses how ancient and modern mythologies are connected to agricultural cycles and the natural progression of life. Societies had a cyclical view of life aligned with the seasons - spring represented rebirth, summer fertility and harvest, and winter decay. Women were highly valued as the Great Goddess embodied the source of all human life and food. The Sacred King would rule for a year then be sacrificed to ensure future harvests. Over time men gained more power and ruled for longer periods while using surrogate kings for sacrifices instead of themselves.Period2group1
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The document discusses several key aspects of Hinduism in India, including:
1) The Aryans invaded India around 1500 BC and had a dramatic influence on Indian culture, establishing the basis for Hinduism.
2) The caste system was developed by the Aryans and divided society into four main castes (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras) based on profession. One's caste cannot be changed.
3) Hinduism's goals include dharma (virtue), artha (success), and kama (pleasure) which are life-affirming, and moksha (release from life) which requires renunciation asPeriod5group1
Period5group1mrs.kocan
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The document discusses the key concepts in Hinduism of dharma, artha, kama, and moksha. It explains that dharma refers to living virtuously according to one's caste duties, artha is achieving success and wealth, and kama is enjoying pleasures like art and music. The fourth concept, moksha, is striving for release from the cycle of life by renouncing worldly attachments and goals through asceticism and contemplation in order to overcome maya and realize ultimate reality.Period5group2
Period5group2mrs.kocan
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The document summarizes several sacred texts of Hinduism:
The Vedas are the most sacred literature, revealed by gods to humans and preserved orally for centuries before being written down 500 years ago. They explain rituals and praise gods. The Upanishads serve as philosophical extensions of the Vedas' hymns. The Mahabharata is one of the two great Indian epics and focuses on dharma, karma, and reincarnation. The Bhagavad Gita is a poem within the Mahabharata containing conversations between Arjuna and Krishna about God. The Panchatantra is a collection of oral traditions that has appeared in 200 versions in many languages.Period5group3
Period5group3mrs.kocan
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The document discusses several major Hindu gods and goddesses and their roles in Hindu literature and mythology. Brahma is the creator god who grew from Vishnu's navel and controls day and night. Vishnu is the preserver god with four arms holding symbolic items. Shiva is the destroyer god associated with death and snakes. Krishna is the eighth incarnation of Vishnu and plays a major role in the Mahabharata. Lakshmi left her husband Shiva for Vishnu and is the goddess of wealth. Ratri is the goddess of night who offers aid to others.Period5group4
Period5group4mrs.kocan
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This document discusses the Hindu goddess Ratri, who is the goddess of night. It provides background on Ratri, including that she is an ancient Vedic goddess who exists before the Hindu pantheon. The document describes Ratri as a symbol of nighttime and darkness, and discusses her relationship with her sister Ushas, the dawn goddess. It also summarizes the story of Night from the Rig Veda and the role of Ratri within it.Period5group5
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The document discusses key concepts in Hindu religion through the story of the Mahabharata, including dharma, karma, reincarnation, and moksha. It introduces the five Pandava brothers - Yudhistira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva - and explains Yudhistira follows dharma by being cautious and selfless. Reincarnation is demonstrated in the story, and moksha is the ultimate goal of being one with God, which Yudhistira may achieve through living virtuously.Period3group1
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The document discusses key concepts in Hinduism including the caste system, Aryans, varnas, and jatis. It also outlines life-affirming goals of dharma, artha, and kama as well as the life-negating goal of moksha, which involves renouncing the first three goals to achieve spiritual release.Period3group3
Period3group3mrs.kocan
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Brahma is responsible for creation and the four Vedas. Vishnu maintains order as the preserver. Shiva brings destruction and change, often depicted with snakes and multiple weapons. Krishna is the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, known for his flute playing and childhood romance. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and beauty, often seen massaging Vishnu's feet. The gods impact Hindu literature by serving as aids to heroes and making plots more interesting, as seen in epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.Period3group2
Period3group2mrs.kocan
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The document summarizes several sacred texts of Hinduism, including the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita, and Panchatantra. It provides details on the origins, contents, and significance of each text. The Vedas are the oldest and most influential scriptures, dating back to 1500 BC. The Upanishads build upon Vedic philosophy and were written between 800-400 BC. The epic Mahabharata and Bhagavad-Gita contained within it are two of the longest and most important poems in Hinduism. The Panchatantra consists of animal fables and tales compiled between the 3rd-5th centuries AD to educate royalty.More Related Content
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Sir Lancelot was the most famous knight of King Arthur's round table. He was raised by the Lady of the Lake after being given to her as a baby. Lancelot was known as a brave hero but could also be arrogant. King Arthur's downfall was partly due to Lancelot's affair with Arthur's wife Guinevere, whom Arthur had married. The round table was round so that all knights would be equal and no one would sit at the head.¶Ù²¹¾±±ô²â²Ô±ð·É²õ3º·¡²õ´Ç
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At a Christmas feast in Camelot, a Green Knight appeared and challenged King Arthur's knights to a game where their heads would be cut off. Sir Gawain took up the challenge. A year later on New Year's Day, Sir Gawain traveled to the Green Chapel to meet the Green Knight. On his journey, he encountered Lord Bertilak and stayed at his castle. At the chapel, it was revealed that the Green Knight was actually Lord Bertilak, who had been testing Sir Gawain's courage and honor. Sir Gawain passed the test.King arthur
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King Arthur ruled over England with his wife Queen Gwynevere. His half-sister Morgan Le Fay was an evil witch, while the wise magician Merlin mentored Arthur. Lancelot was Arthur's brave and loyal knight and best friend. The legend tells of Arthur's quest for the Holy Grail against the forces of Morgan Le Fay.Medieval presentation
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The Code of Chivalry outlined 12 virtues that knights of the Round Table were expected to uphold, including faith, charity, justice, and valor. During the Medieval period, religion had a strong influence on art, literature, and daily life. King Arthur, a mythic Celtic figure, established the Knights of the Round Table to protect the kingdom. Knights like Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain embodied chivalric ideals of courage, honor, and courtesy. Feudalism defined social and political relationships, with lords providing protection to vassals and peasants in exchange for loyalty and labor.King arthur
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This document summarizes various theories about the historical identities of King Arthur. It discusses how Arthur is claimed as the king of several Celtic kingdoms in Britain during the 6th century, including theories that he was a Breton king, the king Riothamus recorded in history, a Dumnonian king, a Cumbrian king, a Pennine king, a king of Elmet, a Scottish king, or a Powysian king. However, the document notes that while many men named Arthur existed, there is little evidence any were the great man of legend.Monomyth
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Campbell outlines 17 stages of the hero's journey monomyth: 1) The call to adventure where the hero is drawn into forces beyond their understanding. 2) Refusal of the call where the hero refuses to give up their own interests. 3) Supernatural aid is promised to help against the journey's ills. 4) Crossing the first threshold where the hero enters a zone of danger and magnified power. 5) The belly of the whale stage is a form of self-annihilation and rebirth. 6) The road of trials includes obstacles and dreams aided by supernatural helpers. 7) The hero meets the goddess representing life. 8) The woman as temptress represents the difference between how lifeMore from mrs.kocan (20)
The Epic and Epic Hero
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An epic is a long narrative poem that tells the story of divine beings and people fighting a war or taking a long and arduous journey. Epics revolve around the struggles of a heroic figure and typically include supernatural forces, battles, speeches, and a statement of theme. The epic hero reflects the values of their culture, struggles for important ideals, and fights against rejected ideas, sometimes with divine help.Ramayana (123)
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The Ramayana tells the story of King Dasaratha of Ayodhya who has no sons. Through a sacrifice, he is promised four sons who will be incarnations of Vishnu: Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna. Rama is the eldest and favorite. He marries Sita. Later, Rama is exiled from the kingdom for 14 years due to the scheming of his stepmother, despite being the rightful heir. Sita and Lakshmana accompany him. Bharata refuses to rule in Rama's place while he is in exile.Ramayana background information
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The Ramayana is an important Hindu epic composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE by the Brahmin poet Valmiki. It follows the characters of Rama and Sita who are models of proper behavior according to Hindu life and values. The epic explores themes of love, duty, and suffering as prescribed by dharma, with wives expected to devote themselves fully to their husbands, husbands to prioritize dharma over their marriages, and all citizens to accept their roles and endure hardship righteously as it determines their next lifetime.King Arthur
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Ravana kidnaps Sita after tricking her with a magical deer. Hanuman finds Sita and gives her a ring from Rama. A battle ensues between Rama and Ravana's army. Rama defeats and kills Ravana. Sita enters a fire to prove her purity, and emerges unharmed. However, rumors cause Rama to exile Sita again. She gives birth to twins and years later is reunited with Rama before ascending to heaven.Introduction to Mythology
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This document defines mythology and discusses common themes and characteristics of myths. It states that myths are anonymous, traditional stories that explain beliefs, customs, or natural phenomena. Myths typically examine the relationship between individual desires and societal responsibilities. They originally served to entertain but also sought to explain human nature and instruct. Myths often feature deities with superhuman attributes and human flaws who explain origins, nature, death, and the function of divinities. Common themes include first parents being gods of sky and earth, a creator god fashioning humans from earth, and a great flood destroying mortals. Heroes in myths may have unusual births or strengths and embark on journeys to the underworld.The Matriarchal Society
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This document discusses how ancient and modern mythologies are connected to agricultural cycles and the natural progression of life. Societies had a cyclical view of life aligned with the seasons - spring represented rebirth, summer fertility and harvest, and winter decay. Women were highly valued as the Great Goddess embodied the source of all human life and food. The Sacred King would rule for a year then be sacrificed to ensure future harvests. Over time men gained more power and ruled for longer periods while using surrogate kings for sacrifices instead of themselves.Period2group1
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The document discusses several key aspects of Hinduism in India, including:
1) The Aryans invaded India around 1500 BC and had a dramatic influence on Indian culture, establishing the basis for Hinduism.
2) The caste system was developed by the Aryans and divided society into four main castes (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras) based on profession. One's caste cannot be changed.
3) Hinduism's goals include dharma (virtue), artha (success), and kama (pleasure) which are life-affirming, and moksha (release from life) which requires renunciation asPeriod5group1
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The document discusses the key concepts in Hinduism of dharma, artha, kama, and moksha. It explains that dharma refers to living virtuously according to one's caste duties, artha is achieving success and wealth, and kama is enjoying pleasures like art and music. The fourth concept, moksha, is striving for release from the cycle of life by renouncing worldly attachments and goals through asceticism and contemplation in order to overcome maya and realize ultimate reality.Period5group2
Period5group2mrs.kocan
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The document summarizes several sacred texts of Hinduism:
The Vedas are the most sacred literature, revealed by gods to humans and preserved orally for centuries before being written down 500 years ago. They explain rituals and praise gods. The Upanishads serve as philosophical extensions of the Vedas' hymns. The Mahabharata is one of the two great Indian epics and focuses on dharma, karma, and reincarnation. The Bhagavad Gita is a poem within the Mahabharata containing conversations between Arjuna and Krishna about God. The Panchatantra is a collection of oral traditions that has appeared in 200 versions in many languages.Period5group3
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The document discusses several major Hindu gods and goddesses and their roles in Hindu literature and mythology. Brahma is the creator god who grew from Vishnu's navel and controls day and night. Vishnu is the preserver god with four arms holding symbolic items. Shiva is the destroyer god associated with death and snakes. Krishna is the eighth incarnation of Vishnu and plays a major role in the Mahabharata. Lakshmi left her husband Shiva for Vishnu and is the goddess of wealth. Ratri is the goddess of night who offers aid to others.Period5group4
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This document discusses the Hindu goddess Ratri, who is the goddess of night. It provides background on Ratri, including that she is an ancient Vedic goddess who exists before the Hindu pantheon. The document describes Ratri as a symbol of nighttime and darkness, and discusses her relationship with her sister Ushas, the dawn goddess. It also summarizes the story of Night from the Rig Veda and the role of Ratri within it.Period5group5
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The document discusses key concepts in Hindu religion through the story of the Mahabharata, including dharma, karma, reincarnation, and moksha. It introduces the five Pandava brothers - Yudhistira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva - and explains Yudhistira follows dharma by being cautious and selfless. Reincarnation is demonstrated in the story, and moksha is the ultimate goal of being one with God, which Yudhistira may achieve through living virtuously.Period3group1
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The document discusses key concepts in Hinduism including the caste system, Aryans, varnas, and jatis. It also outlines life-affirming goals of dharma, artha, and kama as well as the life-negating goal of moksha, which involves renouncing the first three goals to achieve spiritual release.Period3group3
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Brahma is responsible for creation and the four Vedas. Vishnu maintains order as the preserver. Shiva brings destruction and change, often depicted with snakes and multiple weapons. Krishna is the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, known for his flute playing and childhood romance. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and beauty, often seen massaging Vishnu's feet. The gods impact Hindu literature by serving as aids to heroes and making plots more interesting, as seen in epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.Period3group2
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The document summarizes several sacred texts of Hinduism, including the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita, and Panchatantra. It provides details on the origins, contents, and significance of each text. The Vedas are the oldest and most influential scriptures, dating back to 1500 BC. The Upanishads build upon Vedic philosophy and were written between 800-400 BC. The epic Mahabharata and Bhagavad-Gita contained within it are two of the longest and most important poems in Hinduism. The Panchatantra consists of animal fables and tales compiled between the 3rd-5th centuries AD to educate royalty.Period3group5
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The document summarizes the story "Hundred Questions" from the Hindu epic Mahabharata. It introduces the five Pandava brothers - Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva - who fought in a war against their cousins, the Kauravas. The story of "Hundred Questions" involves Yudhisthira answering a yaksha's 100 questions correctly in order to revive his brothers who had died drinking from a forbidden pond. The themes of the story include the difference between listening and hearing, filial piety, and depicting a test of knowledge and character through riddles. It conveys the lesson that respecting gods is rewarded while defying them hasPeriod2group1
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The document discusses several key aspects of Hinduism including:
1. The Aryans invaded India around 1500 BC and had a dramatic influence on Indian culture and civilization, establishing the basis for Hinduism.
2. The caste system was developed by the Aryans and divided society into four main castes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras - based on profession and respectability. One's caste cannot be changed.
3. Hinduism's goals include dharma, artha, kama which are life-affirming, and moksha which is the striving for release from life through contemplation as a hermit.Period2group3
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The document describes several Hindu gods and goddesses. Brahma is the creator who created humans and sages to help form the universe. Shiva is the destroyer, recognized by his matted hair and trident, with two sons and rides the bull Nandi. Vishnu is the supreme god holding a lotus, mace, conch, and wheel, mentioned in the Rigvedas and associated with light. Krishna is described as a young boy with a flute or prince, found in the Mahabarata and Purnas. Ratri is the goddess of night and love mentioned in the Vedas. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth, wife of Vishnu, embodiment ofPeriod2group5
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This document provides background information on characters from the Mahabharata epic. It introduces the five Pandava brothers - Yudhistira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva. It describes a conflict between the Pandava and Kaurava families that resulted in the Pandavas losing their kingdom and being exiled to the forest for 12 years. The document emphasizes Yudhistira's wisdom and willpower in contrast with his brothers' more impulsive tendencies. The theme explored is making wise decisions versus rash actions, especially under difficult circumstances.Covey
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