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Crossbreeding presentation 3

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Jon Sawle
Jon Sawle

This document discusses strategies for maximizing hybrid vigor and productivity in cattle breeding. It recommends crossing British and Continental cattle breeds to benefit from hybrid vigor. Specifically, it suggests crossing Highland cattle with Gelbvieh or Lowline Angus due to traits like longevity, calving ease, and ability to thrive on pasture with less feed. Lowline cattle are highlighted as being particularly productive with high carcass yield per acre. The goal is to develop cattle breeds that are sustainable on pasture with lower environmental impact through specialized crossbreeding.

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Crossbreeding presentation 3
Arizona? Iowa? Upper Michigan? Probably Not!
1. Utilize beneficial Highland traits as efficiently as possible. 2. Realize that we live in an Angus world.
Cow
1. Longevity 2. Low maintenance costs 3. Efficient grazer 4. Ability to browse 5. Calving ease 6. Smaller frame
Because of their longevity, Highlands are uniquely suited for terminal crossing.
1. Maximize hybrid vigor 2. Specialized sires and dams 3. Lower bull turnover rate 4. Easier genetic choices 5. Consistency
1. Must purchase replacement females. 2. Or have multiple levels of production on the same farm.
1. More productive due to hybrid vigor 2. Hybrid vigor maximized when pure British breed crossed with pure Continental breed 3. More longevity
The increased vigor or general health, resistance to disease, and other superior qualities that are often manifested in hybrid organisms, especially plants and animals.
Auroch Cattle Extinct 1627 All cattle descendants of Aurochs
Increased separation of breeds of cattle by distance, natural barriers and selection pressure increases hybrid vigor when mated.
The increased vigor or general health, resistance to disease, and other superior qualities that are often manifested in hybrid organisms, especially plants and animals.
1. Have more lbs of carcass/steer. 2. Have more lbs of carcass/acre.
We need to think of cattle as feedlot type and pasture type
Crossbreeding presentation 3
Crossbreeding presentation 3
Crossbreeding presentation 3
Increase cattle weight means increased pasture damage. Yields may be reduced as soon as 3 days of pasturing.
1. Continental breed. 2. High weaning weight breed. 3. Small frame size. 4. Polled 5. Popular breed for crossing with Angus.
Astro - Gelbvieh Bull
Simmental 1353 pounds Hereford 1348 pounds Angus 1342 pounds Charolais 1339 pounds Limousin 1330 pounds Gelbvieh 1282 pounds
Crossbreeding presentation 3
Gelbvieh produced the highest weaning weight per cow exposed to breeding at Clay Center
Gelbvieh cattle are a lean breed. Of all the breeds studied at Clay Center, they had the largest ribeye muscle area per 100 kg. Thus they have a high cutout yield.
Crossbreeding presentation 3
Balancer Bull = Gelbvieh x Angus
Feedlot Angus, Hereford, Simmental, Etc. Show Cattle Club Bull Kobe/niche market - Wagyu Grass Lowline Angus
Lowline Cattle History The Australian Lowline cattle came from a cattle research project conduced by the New South Wales Department of Agriculture located in Trangie, Australia. The 30-year project was started in the early 1970s with the ultimate goal being to produce more beef per acre.
Breed Ave # of breeding cows per 100 acres* Pounds of average carcass per head wt. at 15 months off grass Pounds of carcass weight per acre Retail carcass yield % saleable weight Pounds of retail product per acre Simmental 23 556 115 69% 79.4 Wagyu 38 442 151 55% 83.1 Shorthorn 28 532 132 65% 86.1 Hereford 30 552 147 64% 94.2 Murray Grey 32 547 158 67% 106 Angus 33 543 162 68% 110 Lowline 54 418 203 76% 154 Trangie Research Center
Lexus Lowline Angus Bull
Crossbreeding presentation 3
AI ET Highland Multiplication Crossbreeding Gelbvieh x Highland Gelbvieh x Highland cow x Lowline bull
Rancher Wagyu Bull
Beef cows with a hair coat just one inch thicker than average requires 20% to 25% less digestible feed intake to maintain body weight in cold weather. Montana State University
Gelvieh x Highland Steer Sandhill Pines Farm
The U.S. beef cow herd has decreased 12 of the last 14 years, dropping from a cyclical peak of 35.3 million head in 1996 to the January 2010 level of 31.3 million head. This represents the smallest beef cow herd since 1963. Because of drought, another 600,000 decline is expected in 2012.

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Crossbreeding presentation 3

  • 3. 1. Utilize beneficial Highland traits as efficiently as possible. 2. Realize that we live in an Angus world.
  • 4. Cow
  • 5. 1. Longevity 2. Low maintenance costs 3. Efficient grazer 4. Ability to browse 5. Calving ease 6. Smaller frame
  • 6. Because of their longevity, Highlands are uniquely suited for terminal crossing.
  • 7. 1. Maximize hybrid vigor 2. Specialized sires and dams 3. Lower bull turnover rate 4. Easier genetic choices 5. Consistency
  • 8. 1. Must purchase replacement females. 2. Or have multiple levels of production on the same farm.
  • 9. 1. More productive due to hybrid vigor 2. Hybrid vigor maximized when pure British breed crossed with pure Continental breed 3. More longevity
  • 10. The increased vigor or general health, resistance to disease, and other superior qualities that are often manifested in hybrid organisms, especially plants and animals.
  • 11. Auroch Cattle Extinct 1627 All cattle descendants of Aurochs
  • 12. Increased separation of breeds of cattle by distance, natural barriers and selection pressure increases hybrid vigor when mated.
  • 13. The increased vigor or general health, resistance to disease, and other superior qualities that are often manifested in hybrid organisms, especially plants and animals.
  • 14. 1. Have more lbs of carcass/steer. 2. Have more lbs of carcass/acre.
  • 15. We need to think of cattle as feedlot type and pasture type
  • 19. Increase cattle weight means increased pasture damage. Yields may be reduced as soon as 3 days of pasturing.
  • 20. 1. Continental breed. 2. High weaning weight breed. 3. Small frame size. 4. Polled 5. Popular breed for crossing with Angus.
  • 22. Simmental 1353 pounds Hereford 1348 pounds Angus 1342 pounds Charolais 1339 pounds Limousin 1330 pounds Gelbvieh 1282 pounds
  • 24. Gelbvieh produced the highest weaning weight per cow exposed to breeding at Clay Center
  • 25. Gelbvieh cattle are a lean breed. Of all the breeds studied at Clay Center, they had the largest ribeye muscle area per 100 kg. Thus they have a high cutout yield.
  • 27. Balancer Bull = Gelbvieh x Angus
  • 28. Feedlot Angus, Hereford, Simmental, Etc. Show Cattle Club Bull Kobe/niche market - Wagyu Grass Lowline Angus
  • 29. Lowline Cattle History The Australian Lowline cattle came from a cattle research project conduced by the New South Wales Department of Agriculture located in Trangie, Australia. The 30-year project was started in the early 1970s with the ultimate goal being to produce more beef per acre.
  • 30. Breed Ave # of breeding cows per 100 acres* Pounds of average carcass per head wt. at 15 months off grass Pounds of carcass weight per acre Retail carcass yield % saleable weight Pounds of retail product per acre Simmental 23 556 115 69% 79.4 Wagyu 38 442 151 55% 83.1 Shorthorn 28 532 132 65% 86.1 Hereford 30 552 147 64% 94.2 Murray Grey 32 547 158 67% 106 Angus 33 543 162 68% 110 Lowline 54 418 203 76% 154 Trangie Research Center
  • 31. Lexus Lowline Angus Bull
  • 35. Beef cows with a hair coat just one inch thicker than average requires 20% to 25% less digestible feed intake to maintain body weight in cold weather. Montana State University
  • 36. Gelvieh x Highland Steer Sandhill Pines Farm
  • 37. The U.S. beef cow herd has decreased 12 of the last 14 years, dropping from a cyclical peak of 35.3 million head in 1996 to the January 2010 level of 31.3 million head. This represents the smallest beef cow herd since 1963. Because of drought, another 600,000 decline is expected in 2012.