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CSE-1203
Structured Programming Language
Lecture 1
Introduction
Md. Rafsan Jani
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Jahangirnagar University

Course Overview
 Objectives: The Structured Programming Language course is
designed to introduce the fundamental principles, mechanism of
programming skills and develop basic programming skills. The
course begins with introductory concepts of structured
programming language and then covers other important topics
related to structured programming language. It also deals with
basic data structures like stack and queue.
 Reading Materials : Lecture materials and reference books.
 Assessment Strategy:
– Continuous Assessment (50%)
• Class Tests-10% (3 MCQs + 1Written)
• Presentation/Assignments-10%
• Attendance-10%
• Mid Term-20%
– Final-50%
January 10, 2025 Md. Rafsan Jani, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, JU 2

Course Outline
Week Date Topics Covered Remarks
1
August 19 Course Overview, Programming Concepts, Program Development Stages, Structured Programming Language
August 22 Variables, Basic Input/Outputs, Data Types and Their Memory Allocation
2
August 26 Holiday Janmashtami
August 29
Data Types, Variables, Constants, Number System: Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Systems; Basic
Input/Outputs
3
September 2 Operators, Expressions, Flow Charts
September 5 Control Structures: "if else", "switch", Flow Charts
4
September 9 Control Structures: Loops (for, while, do-while) Class Test 1
September 12 Control Structures: Loops (for, while, do-while)
5
September 16 Holiday Eid-E-Miladunnabi
September 19 Control Structures: Nested Loops
6
September 23 Arrays-I
September 26 Arrays-II
7
September 30 Searching and Sorting Class Test 2/Midterm
October 3 Character Arrays/Strings
8
October 7 Functions-I
October 10 Functions-II
9
October 14 Pointers-I Class Test 2/Midterm
October 17 Pointers-II
10
October 21 Dynamic Memory Allocation-I
October 24 Dynamic Memory Allocation-II
11
October 28 Recursion-I
October 31 Recursion-II
12
November 4 Structures, Unions, Enumerations Class Test 3
November 7 File I/O; Header Files, Preprocessor Directives
13
November 11 Miscellaneous-I
November 14 Miscellaneous-II
14
November 18 Stack, Queue, and Review
November 21 Stack, Queue, and Review Class Test 4

 Section: BCSE-24-A
 Class Code: bycmlpx
 Section: BCSE-24-B
 Class Code: kyzkekn
Google Classroom

Reference Books
1. Programming in ANSI C
— By E. Balagurusamy
2. The C Programming Language
— By Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
3. TeachYourself C
— By Herbert Schildt

What Is a Computer?
 Computer is a
– device capable of performing computations and making logical
decisions

Copyright © 2000 by Brooks/Cole Publishing Company
A division of International Thomson Publishing Inc.
Computer Architecture

What is Software?
 Computer software, or simply software, is a generic
term that refers to a collection of computer instructions
that tell the computer what to do and how to do it.
 Software is a program executed by computer.
 Computers process data under the control of sets of
instructions called computer programs
 Basically two Types:
– System Software
– Application Software
8
System
Software
Application
Software
Software

 Application software
– Easy-to-use programs designed to perform specific tasks
 System software
– Programs that manages resource(CPU, input/output/storage) and
support the execution and development of other programs
– Mediates between application software and computer hardware
– Three major types
• Operating systems
• Translation systems
• Utility programs
Software Classifications
9

 System software coordinates the various parts of the
computer system and mediates between application
software and computer hardware.
 The system software that manages and controls the
computer’s activities is called the operating system.
 Other system software consists of computer language
translation programs that convert programming
languages into machine language and utility programs
that perform common processing tasks
System Software
10

 Operating System is a software, which makes a
computer to actually work. It is the software that enables
all the programs we use.
 The Operating System organizes and controls the
hardware.
 Operating System acts as an interface between the
application programs and the machine hardware.
 Examples:
– Windows
– Linux
– Unix and
– Mac OS
– etc.,
Operating System
11

Application Software
 Application software makes computer popular and easy to
use
 Common application software:
– Microsoft Word,Word Perfect
– PowerPoint
– Netscape, Internet Explorer, Chrome
– Photoshop, Photo-Paint
– Quick Time
– Dreamweaver
12

Computer Software Relationships
User
Interface
Basic Input and Output Services (BIOS)
• needed for a computer to boot up
User Interface Operating System
User Interface Application Programs
Computer Hardware
13

Program
 A program is a specific set of operations to perform.
– Human work model:
– Computer work model:
 A computer program is a collection of instructions that
performs a specific task when executed by a computer.
 A computer program is usually written by a computer
programmer in a programming language.

Language Types
 1. Low-Level Programming Languages
– Machine Language:The most basic type of programming
language, consisting of binary code that the computer's hardware
directly understands. It is specific to a particular computer
architecture.
– Assembly Language:A step above machine language, assembly
uses mnemonic codes to represent machine language
instructions. It is still closely tied to the hardware, making it
difficult to use for complex applications, but it provides more
control over the hardware.

Language Types Cont…
 2. High-Level Programming Languages
– Procedural Programming Languages:These languages are based on the concept of
procedure calls, where code is organized into procedures or functions. Examples include: C,
Pascal, FORTRAN
– Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Languages:These languages are based on the
concept of "objects", which can contain data and code to manipulate that data. Examples
include: Java, C++, Python, C#
– Scripting Languages:These are typically high-level languages used for automating tasks.
They are often interpreted rather than compiled. Examples include: JavaScript, Python, Ruby,
PHP
– Functional Programming Languages:These languages treat computation as the
evaluation of mathematical functions and avoid changing states and mutable data. Examples
include: Haskell, Erlang, Scala
– Logic Programming Languages:These languages are based on formal logic.A program
written in a logic programming language is essentially a set of sentences in logical form,
expressing facts and rules about some problem domain. Example: Prolog

 3. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs): These languages are designed
for a specific type of task or industry.They are often less general-purpose
and more efficient within their domain. Examples include:
– SQL for database queries
– HTML/CSS for web design
– MATLAB for mathematical computing
 4. System Programming Languages: These languages are used for
system software, such as operating systems, drivers, and embedded
systems.They need to interact closely with the hardware. Examples
include: C, Rust, Go
 5.Visual Programming Languages: These languages allow users to
create programs by manipulating program elements graphically rather
than by specifying them textually. Examples include: Scratch, LabVIEW,
Blockly

 6. Markup and Style Sheet Languages: Though not
traditional programming languages, these are used to
define the structure and presentation of text in
documents, especially on the web. Examples include:
– HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
– XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
– CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Machine language Low-level assembly High-level
An example:

Translation
 High level language must be translated into a language
the computer can understand
High-level
Code
Compiler /
Interpreter
Machine
Instruction
s

How to translate?
Examples of compilers:
– gcc, g++, MicrosoftVisual C++
A program written in high-level programming language
(for example, C program)
A low-level (machine language) program that is
understandable by a computer (for example, a PC)
COMPILER (for example, gcc)

Compiler vs Interpreter
Features Compiler Interpreter
Definition
Translates the entire source code into machine
code before execution.
Translates and executes code line-by-line or
statement-by-statement.
Execution
The entire program is translated at once and then
executed.
Each statement is translated and executed
immediately.
Speed
Faster execution after compilation, as the entire
code is translated into machine code beforehand.
Slower execution since each line is translated and
executed one at a time.
Error Detection
Errors are detected only after the entire program
is compiled.
Errors are detected immediately as each line is
executed.
Intermediate Code
Generates an intermediate object code or
machine code that can be saved and executed
later.
No intermediate code is generated; execution
happens directly.
Memory
Requirement
Requires more memory to store both source code
and object code.
Requires less memory, as it doesn’t store an
intermediate object code.
Debugging
More difficult to debug, as errors are reported
after the entire program is compiled.
Easier to debug, as errors are found and reported
during execution.
Languages
Examples
C, C++, Java (when compiled to bytecode),
Fortran, Pascal.
Python, Ruby, JavaScript, MATLAB, Perl.
Portability
The compiled code is specific to the target
machine's architecture and may not be portable.
The source code remains portable and can be
executed on any machine with the appropriate
interpreter.
Typical Use Case
Used in situations where performance is critical,
such as system software and large applications.
Common in scripting, web development, and
applications where ease of testing and debugging
is important.

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