Cst
- 1. BANASTHALI INSTITUTE OF DESIGN SUBMITTED BY
- 4. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) is popular railway station and is a spitting image of Victorian-Gothic style of architecture in India. Located in the heart of Mumbai, the CST is also a 'World Heritage Site' declared by UNESCO in 2004. Its remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan are close to traditional Indian palace architecture. It is an outstanding example of the meeting of two cultures, as British architects worked with Indian craftsmen to include Indian architectural tradition City: Mumbai, Maharashtra Designed by: Federick William Stevens Engineer: Wilson Bell Construction started: May 1878 Completed: May 1888 Cost: 1,614,000 Materials used: Sandstone, limestone, and Italian marble.
- 5. Architectural style: Victorian Italianate Gothic revival style and traditional Indian architecture Indian architecture: The skyline, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan recall the traditional architecture carved in historical monuments. Masterpiece sculpted by the students of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art: Wood carving, tiles, ornamental iron and brass railings, grills for ticket counters and offices, banisters for the grand staircases and other embellishing works in the terminus building epitomize the efficient effort of the students belonging to the foretold school of art exposing the artifacts of 19th century.. Dome: Its dome is structured as dove-tailed ribs without centering that categorizes it as a novel achievement of the era. Interior of the building: The interior premise of the monument has a series of large rooms with high ceilings built in C-shape symmetrical on an east-west axis. Central dome: The central point of the building is crowned by a high central dome that is regarded as the focal point. It is octagonal shaped figure carved with a colossal female figure clutching a torch in right hand pointing to upwards and spoke wheel symbolizing progress. Side wings: Enclosing to the courtyard, its side wings opens to the street. Anchored by turrets at four corners, the wings balance and frame the central dome. Statues outside: The idols or sculpture representing commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and Science illustrating progress are outstanding.
- 6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STONE USED LIMESTONE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Hardness 3 to 4 on Moh's Scale Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3 Compressive Strength 1800 to 2100 Kg/cm2 Water Absorption Less than 1% Porosity Quite low Weather Impact Resistant Color Red,Green,Yellow,Gray,& White LIMESTONE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Lime (CaO) 38-42% Silica (SiO2) 20-25% Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4% Other Oxides like Na, Mg 1.5 to 2.5% Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%
- 7. Limestone SANDSTONE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Color Minor color tonal variations exist but within the tolerance limit Hardness 6 to 7 on Moh's Scale Density 2.32 to 2.42 Kg/m3 Compressive Strength 365 to 460 Kg/m2 Water Absorption Not more BORDERthan 1.0 % Modulus of Rupture 197-200 Kg/cm2 Porosity Low to very low. Weather Impact Resistant SANDSTONE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES SiO2 93-94% Iron (Fe2O3) 1.5%-1.6% Alumina (Al2O3) 1.4 to 1.5% Soda (Na2O) & Potash (Kro) 1.0% to 1.2% Lime (CaO) 0.8% to 0.9% Magnesia (MgO) 0.2 to 0.25% Loss On Ignition (LOI) 1.0% to 1.2%
- 8. Italian Marble ITALIAN MARBLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Hardness 3 to 4 on Moh's Scale Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3 Compressive Strength 1800 to 2100 Kg/cm2 Water Absorption Less than 1% Porosity Quite low Weather Impact Resistant ITALIAN MARBLE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Lime (CaO) 38-42% Silica (SiO2) 20-25% Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4% Other Oxides like Na, Mg 1.5 to 2.5% Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%