Mathematical Modeling of Age Differences in Hierarchical Navigation Systems
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Seniors are the fastest growing group using the internet, with 25% of seniors with computers going online and 70% using their computers daily. As people age, their vision, cognition, hearing, and motor skills can decline in ways that impact web use. Web pages should have large text, high contrast, simple layouts, and avoid flashing content. Research on menu design also applies to web hierarchies, with shallower but wider structures often better for seniors compared to deep, narrow structures. Further research is needed to better understand how aging impacts online searching.
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![Know the User Seniors are the fastest growing group on the internet. 25% of seniors with computers are online 70% are using their computers daily [Morris, D. C. (1996)]. Important to develop age-friendly web pages.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cuu-depth-1205028160603742-3/85/Mathematical-Modeling-of-Age-Differences-in-Hierarchical-Navigation-Systems-2-320.jpg)
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yourargumentsand/orfindings
yourconclusionsaboutthetopic.
Yourpresentationshouldbeprofessionalandorganized.Youmustcreatea
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andcutoff,sopracticeaheadoftime).
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Criteria Excellent(5) Adequate(3) Inadequate(1) Total
Volume,Speaks
Clearly,Posture
&EyeContact
Volumeisloud
enoughtobeheardby
allaudiencemembers
throughoutthe
presentation.
Speaksclearlyand
distinctlyallthetime,
andmispronounces
nowords.
Standsupstraight,
looksrelaxedand
confident.Establishes
eyecontactwith
everyoneintheroom
duringthe
presentation.
Volumeisloud
enoughtobe
heardbyall
audience
membersatleast
halfthetime.
Speaksclearlyand
distinctlymostof
thetime,and
mispronounces1
3words.
Standsupstraight
andestablishes
eyecontactwith
mosteveryonein
theroomduring
thepresentation.
Volumeisloud
enoughtobeheard
byallaudience
memberslessthan
halfthetime.
Doesnotspeak
clearlyand
distinctly,and
mispronounces
morethan3words.
Doesnotstandup
straightand
establisheye
contactwithmost
everyoneinthe
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presentation.
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Showsagood
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thetopic.
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critical,original
thinking.
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PowerPoint
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detractfromtextor
othergraphics.Choice
ofbackgroundis
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tocardandis
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formats(e.g.,color,
bold,italic)havebeen
carefullyplannedto
enhancereadability
andcontent.
Backgrounddoes
notdetractfrom
textorother
graphics.Choice
ofbackgroundis
notconsistent
fromcardtocard.
Animations,
Graphics,and
Fontformatshave
beencarefully
plannedto
enhance
readability.
Backgroundmakes
itdifficulttoseetext
orcompeteswith
othergraphicson
thepage.
Animations,
Graphics,andFont
formattingmakesit
verydifficulttoread
thematerial.
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summary,findings,
andreaction
Addresses
summary,
findings,and
reactionbutnot
clearly
Doesnotclearly
addresssummary,
findings,and
reaction
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FinalPresentationAssignmentandRubric
Yourfinalpresentationisanopportunityforyoutoshareyourresearchpaperwith
yourclassmates.Yourpresentationmustinclude:
anoverviewofyourtopic
yourargumentsand/orfindings
yourconclusionsaboutthetopic.
Yourpresentationshouldbeprofessionalandorganized.Youmustcreatea
PowerPointpresentationtosupportyourtalk,usingbestpracticesforpresenting
withPowerPoint.Youwillhave5minutesforyourpresentation(youwillbetimed
andcutoff,sopracticeaheadoftime).
SEENEXTPAGEFORGRADINGRUBRIC
Criteria Excellent(5) Adequate(3) Inadequate(1) Total
Volume,Speaks
Clearly,Posture
&EyeContact
Volumeisloud
enoughtobeheardby
allaudiencemembers
throughoutthe
presentation.
Speaksclearlyand
distinctlyallthetime,
andmispronounces
nowords.
Standsupstraight,
looksrelaxedand
confident.Establishes
eyecontactwith
everyoneintheroom
duringthe
presentation.
Volumeisloud
enoughtobe
heardbyall
audience
membersatleast
halfthetime.
Speaksclearlyand
distinctlymostof
thetime,and
mispronounces1
3words.
Standsupstraight
andestablishes
eyecontactwith
mosteveryonein
theroomduring
thepresentation.
Volumeisloud
enoughtobeheard
byallaudience
memberslessthan
halfthetime.
Doesnotspeak
clearlyand
distinctly,and
mispronounces
morethan3words.
Doesnotstandup
straightand
establisheye
contactwithmost
everyoneinthe
roomduringthe
presentation.
Content Showsafull
understandingofthe
topic.Displays
critical,original
thinking.
Showsagood
understandingof
thetopic.
Displayssome
critical,original
thinking.
Doesnotseemto
understandthe
topicverywell.
Doesnotdisplay
critical,original
thinking.
Criteria Excellent(3) Adequate(2) Inadequate(1)
Effectiveuseof
PowerPoint
Backgrounddoesnot
detractfromtextor
othergraphics.Choice
ofbackgroundis
consistentfromcard
tocardandis
appropriateforthe
topic.Animations,
Graphics,andFont
formats(e.g.,color,
bold,italic)havebeen
carefullyplannedto
enhancereadability
andcontent.
Backgrounddoes
notdetractfrom
textorother
graphics.Choice
ofbackgroundis
notconsistent
fromcardtocard.
Animations,
Graphics,and
Fontformatshave
beencarefully
plannedto
enhance
readability.
Backgroundmakes
itdifficulttoseetext
orcompeteswith
othergraphicson
thepage.
Animations,
Graphics,andFont
formattingmakesit
verydifficulttoread
thematerial.
Completeness Clearlyaddresses
summary,findings,
andreaction
Addresses
summary,
findings,and
reactionbutnot
clearly
Doesnotclearly
addresssummary,
findings,and
reaction
_____/20points
Criteria Excellent(2) Inadequate(0)
Time
Management
Presentati ...An introduction to at new
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Develop effective and engaging content
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Mathematical Modeling of Age Differences in Hierarchical Navigation Systems
- 1. Panayiotis Zaphiris Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Dept. Institute of Gerontology Wayne State University Detroit, MI Older Adults and the World Wide Web
- 2. Know the User Seniors are the fastest growing group on the internet. 25% of seniors with computers are online 70% are using their computers daily [Morris, D. C. (1996)]. Important to develop age-friendly web pages.
- 3. Why The World Wide Web is not (should not be) just for young people !
- 4. Todays Presentation What attracts elders to the internet ? What changes with aging ? Web Design and Aging - Guidelines ? Search Engines (case study) Depth Vs Breadth (an other issue)
- 5. What Attracts Elders to the Internet? Connectivity Chat online with friends and family Express their opinions Feel less socially isolated Start second careers Research health issues
- 6. What Attracts Elders to the Internet? Self-paced Environment Dynamic and Interactive The web can become a means of socializing and maintaining contact with the outside world (especially for older adults suffering from loneliness, feelings of isolation and depression) Anonymity
- 7. What changes with Aging? Vision Size of field of vision may diminish Difficulty in following fast moving objects. Many experience short-sightedness Changes in perception of color
- 8. What changes with Aging? Cognitive Some older adults have slower response times May have difficulty performing multiple tasks (especially new ones) Less able to ignore irrelevant stimuli (eg. Banner advertisements) Decline in spatial abilities.
- 9. What changes with Aging? Hearing Hearing loss or diminishment. Problems hearing high frequencies and in distinguishing speech. Motor Skills Small movements or finite mouse control can be troublesome (especially for people suffering with arthritis).
- 10. Guidelines - Layout Layout Large areas of white space and small blocks of text increase readability. Keep layouts and the interface similar from page to page and make sure all the important navigation elements stay consistent. Dont limit window size of your pages
- 11. Guidelines - Style Style Choose fonts based on their legibility Avoid colors that are exceptionally bright or vibrant. Animation or any quickly flashing or blinking elements or banners are highly distracting. Make all graphical links and buttons large and easy to click on.
- 12. Guidelines - Color Color Use color effectively Pick colors from opposite sides of the color wheel Avoid combinations of blue - yellow and red - green.
- 13. Guidelines Contrast Greatest contrast exists between black & white. View your pages on a black and white monitor Font Larger type is easier to read. Twelve to fourteen points is good font size for seniors. Dont limit ability to set his/her own font. Accessibility
- 14. Depth Vs Breadth Depth vs Breadth trade-off is a hot topic in menu selection. Depth seems to be the driving force in reaction time. Previous research has shown that previous studies on menu selection apply to web hierarchies.
- 15. Previous Research Analytical models Lee and MacGregor (1985) Paap and Roske-Hofstrand (1986) Empirical studies Numerous menu related breadth vs depth Very few web related (but replicate menu related studies).
- 17. Proposed Modified Model Where a1 and a2 are age related parameters.
- 18. Sample contour plots Young users with t = 0.25, k = 0.5, c = 0.5 TE = Exhaustive, TS = Self - terminating searching
- 19. Sample contour plots Seniors with t = 0.25, k = 0.5, c = 0.5 TEA = Exhaustive, TSA = Self - terminating searching (aging)
- 20. 油
- 21. 油
- 22. Optimization Results Results being the optimum number of items per screen. E = Exhaustive, S = Self terminating, EA = Exhaustive aging, SA = Self terminating aging.
- 23. Further research Structural Equation Modeling to more accurate measure the aging factor in information retrieval and searching on the web. Usability testing and participant observation. Surveys.
- 24. Conclusions Sensitivity to age related differences and web design. Web should be as universal and accessible as possible for people of all ages.