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Dams and flash floods

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This teaching PPT was used to introduce the physics behind dams and the consequences of the Johnstown, PA flood.

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Flash Floods and Dams Preview for Johnstown
Flash Floods Perry, C.A. Significant floods in the United states during the 20 th century USGS measures a century of floods. USGS Fact Sheet 024-00 . March 2000. Several seconds to several hours Little warning Rapid rises in water levels Devastating flow velocities Deadly, quickly
Factors in Flash Floods Perry, C.A. Significant floods in the United states during the 20 th century USGS measures a century of floods. USGS Fact Sheet 024-00 . March 2000. Rainfall intensity and duration Rapid City, SD- 1972: 15 inches of rain in 5 hours from slow moving thunderstorms kills 237 people Floodwaves more than 30 feet high occur many miles from rainfall area. Surface conditions Topography of the area Slope of basin, mountains Urbanization
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Gravity Dam: Forces Water pushes against the gravity dam, but the heavy weight of the dam pushes down into the ground and prevents the structure from falling over. 油 Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
Gravity Dam Grand Coulee Dam Grand Coulee, Washington Photo, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Embankment Dam: Forces Water pushes against the embankment dam, but the heavy weight of the dam pushes down into the ground and prevents the structure from falling over. Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
Embankment Dam New Waddell Dam Maricopa County, Arizona Photo, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Buttress Dam: Forces Water pushes against the buttress dam, but the buttresses push back and prevent the dam from toppling over. The weight of the buttress dam also pushes down into the ground. Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
Buttress Dam Bartlett Dam Verde River, Arizona Photo, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Arch Dam: Forces The arch squeezes together as the water pushes against it. The weight of the dam also pushes the structure down into the ground. Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
Arch Dam El Atazar Dam Madrid, Spain Courtesy Canal de Isabel II, Gabinete de Prensa e Imagen
Dam Challenge: Building Big, Dam Challenge. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html> Form groups of 2 or 3 Decide on your course of action Be ready to defend your choice
Scenario: Dams don't last forever. Hot and cold weather makes them crack. Water erodes their foundations. They create environmental problems. Eventually, every dam must be repaired, removed, or replaced. You are a consulting dam engineer, and today, four dams need your attention. It is your job to advise the dam owners whether their dams must be repaired, taken down, or simply left alone. Listen to what the supporters and opponents of each dam have to say. Like all dam engineers, you must weigh the pros and cons before you make your final decisions. Good luck! Building Big, Dam Challenge. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
Dam Challenge! Arch Dam Embankment Dam Gravity Dam Buttress Dam Building Big, Dam Challenge. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
South Fork Dam Embankment dam Poorly maintained Major mistakes were made Change in the structure Change in the materials used
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Original Design Smoter-Frank, Walter. The Cause of the Johnstown Flood: A new look at the Historic Johnstown Flood of 1889. Civil Engineering . May 1988, 63-66. http:// smoter.com/flooddam/images/culvert.jpg
Reconstruction Smoter-Frank, Walter. The Cause of the Johnstown Flood: A new look at the Historic Johnstown Flood of 1889. Civil Engineering . May 1988, 63-66. http:// smoter.com/flooddam/images/culvert.jpg
South Fork Dam http://www.nps.gov/archive/jofl/image3.gif National Parks Service
http:// www.jaha.org/FloodMuseum/Dam.jpg
http://www.shadedrelief.com/birds_eye/more_images/townsend/johnstown3.jpg
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South Fork Dam and club house. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
Residents of Johnstown find refuge on rooftops after Johnstown Flood, South Fork Dam disaster, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, 1889 Johnstown Area Heritage Association Archives, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Looking west on Main Street. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
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Cambria Company's store looking towards Kernville. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
General view of Johnstown looking towards Kernville. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
Close up of previous view. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
Club House Press looking south. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
Club House and Morrell Institute. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
View showing relief camps. Wood, Morrell & Co.'s store and office from Prospect Hill. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
Close up of relief camps from previous photo. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
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Problem Solve: Scenario: You are living in Walnut Bottom, where the creek floods frequently. The National Weather Service is calling for a flash flood watch, and you need to make preparations. Decide what you will do about the following: Figure out your plan for: (1) riding out the storm in your home and (2) going to a shelter to ride out the storm. Pets (most shelters do not allow you to bring pets) Food & water for yourself (how much should you have on hand?) Medical needs (what medical supplies should you have on hand?) Keepsakes Grandparents or other extended family (how will you reach them, or let them know where you are?) What will you do about sanitation?
Sources Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html Heritage Johnstown Area Association Archives, Johnstown, Pennsylvania McCullough, David. 1968. The Johnstown Flood. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. Perry, C.A. Significant floods in the United states during the 20th century USGS measures a century of floods. USGS Fact Sheet 024-00 . March 2000. Smoter-Frank, Walter. The Cause of the Johnstown Flood: A new look at the Historic Johnstown Flood of 1889. Civil Engineering . May 1988, 63-66. Photo Credits http://www.jaha.org/FloodMuseum/Dam.jpg http://www.nps.gov/archive/jofl/image3.gif National Parks Service http://www.shadedrelief.com/birds_eye/more_images/townsend/johnstown3.jpg

More Related Content

Dams and flash floods

  • 1. 油
  • 2. 油
  • 3. 油
  • 4. 油
  • 5. 油
  • 6. Flash Floods and Dams Preview for Johnstown
  • 7. Flash Floods Perry, C.A. Significant floods in the United states during the 20 th century USGS measures a century of floods. USGS Fact Sheet 024-00 . March 2000. Several seconds to several hours Little warning Rapid rises in water levels Devastating flow velocities Deadly, quickly
  • 8. Factors in Flash Floods Perry, C.A. Significant floods in the United states during the 20 th century USGS measures a century of floods. USGS Fact Sheet 024-00 . March 2000. Rainfall intensity and duration Rapid City, SD- 1972: 15 inches of rain in 5 hours from slow moving thunderstorms kills 237 people Floodwaves more than 30 feet high occur many miles from rainfall area. Surface conditions Topography of the area Slope of basin, mountains Urbanization
  • 9. 油
  • 10. Gravity Dam: Forces Water pushes against the gravity dam, but the heavy weight of the dam pushes down into the ground and prevents the structure from falling over. 油 Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
  • 11. Gravity Dam Grand Coulee Dam Grand Coulee, Washington Photo, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
  • 12. Embankment Dam: Forces Water pushes against the embankment dam, but the heavy weight of the dam pushes down into the ground and prevents the structure from falling over. Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
  • 13. Embankment Dam New Waddell Dam Maricopa County, Arizona Photo, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
  • 14. Buttress Dam: Forces Water pushes against the buttress dam, but the buttresses push back and prevent the dam from toppling over. The weight of the buttress dam also pushes down into the ground. Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
  • 15. Buttress Dam Bartlett Dam Verde River, Arizona Photo, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
  • 16. Arch Dam: Forces The arch squeezes together as the water pushes against it. The weight of the dam also pushes the structure down into the ground. Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
  • 17. Arch Dam El Atazar Dam Madrid, Spain Courtesy Canal de Isabel II, Gabinete de Prensa e Imagen
  • 18. Dam Challenge: Building Big, Dam Challenge. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html> Form groups of 2 or 3 Decide on your course of action Be ready to defend your choice
  • 19. Scenario: Dams don't last forever. Hot and cold weather makes them crack. Water erodes their foundations. They create environmental problems. Eventually, every dam must be repaired, removed, or replaced. You are a consulting dam engineer, and today, four dams need your attention. It is your job to advise the dam owners whether their dams must be repaired, taken down, or simply left alone. Listen to what the supporters and opponents of each dam have to say. Like all dam engineers, you must weigh the pros and cons before you make your final decisions. Good luck! Building Big, Dam Challenge. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
  • 20. Dam Challenge! Arch Dam Embankment Dam Gravity Dam Buttress Dam Building Big, Dam Challenge. PBS.org. 4/1/08 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html>
  • 21. South Fork Dam Embankment dam Poorly maintained Major mistakes were made Change in the structure Change in the materials used
  • 22. 油
  • 23. Original Design Smoter-Frank, Walter. The Cause of the Johnstown Flood: A new look at the Historic Johnstown Flood of 1889. Civil Engineering . May 1988, 63-66. http:// smoter.com/flooddam/images/culvert.jpg
  • 24. Reconstruction Smoter-Frank, Walter. The Cause of the Johnstown Flood: A new look at the Historic Johnstown Flood of 1889. Civil Engineering . May 1988, 63-66. http:// smoter.com/flooddam/images/culvert.jpg
  • 25. South Fork Dam http://www.nps.gov/archive/jofl/image3.gif National Parks Service
  • 28. 油
  • 29. South Fork Dam and club house. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 30. Residents of Johnstown find refuge on rooftops after Johnstown Flood, South Fork Dam disaster, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, 1889 Johnstown Area Heritage Association Archives, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
  • 31. Looking west on Main Street. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 32. 油
  • 33. 油
  • 34. 油
  • 35. Cambria Company's store looking towards Kernville. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 36. General view of Johnstown looking towards Kernville. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 37. Close up of previous view. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 38. Club House Press looking south. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 39. Club House and Morrell Institute. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 40. View showing relief camps. Wood, Morrell & Co.'s store and office from Prospect Hill. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 41. Close up of relief camps from previous photo. c1889 Courtesy Library of Congress
  • 42. 油
  • 43. 油
  • 44. 油
  • 45. 油
  • 46. Problem Solve: Scenario: You are living in Walnut Bottom, where the creek floods frequently. The National Weather Service is calling for a flash flood watch, and you need to make preparations. Decide what you will do about the following: Figure out your plan for: (1) riding out the storm in your home and (2) going to a shelter to ride out the storm. Pets (most shelters do not allow you to bring pets) Food & water for yourself (how much should you have on hand?) Medical needs (what medical supplies should you have on hand?) Keepsakes Grandparents or other extended family (how will you reach them, or let them know where you are?) What will you do about sanitation?
  • 47. Sources Building Big, Dam Basics. PBS.org. 4/1/08 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/index.html Heritage Johnstown Area Association Archives, Johnstown, Pennsylvania McCullough, David. 1968. The Johnstown Flood. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. Perry, C.A. Significant floods in the United states during the 20th century USGS measures a century of floods. USGS Fact Sheet 024-00 . March 2000. Smoter-Frank, Walter. The Cause of the Johnstown Flood: A new look at the Historic Johnstown Flood of 1889. Civil Engineering . May 1988, 63-66. Photo Credits http://www.jaha.org/FloodMuseum/Dam.jpg http://www.nps.gov/archive/jofl/image3.gif National Parks Service http://www.shadedrelief.com/birds_eye/more_images/townsend/johnstown3.jpg