David Benz Cirad CIRAD 2010
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1. Many early MIS (1G) from the 1980s-1990s showed disappointing results with information that did not meet user needs, lack of sustainability, and inadequate monitoring and evaluation. A new generation of MIS (2G) emerged in the 2000s with innovations enabled by information technologies. 2. The document analyzes the evolution of MIS by comparing features of early 1G systems to current MIS. Many 1G systems have integrated new technologies like email and SMS while still using traditional dissemination methods. 2G MIS rely more heavily on new technologies. 3. Innovations in current MIS include more extensive price and volume data collection, diversified information sources, and expanded information
David Benz Cirad CIRAD 2010
- 1. An overview of MIS evolution CIRAD, INRA, MSU J.Rakotoson, H. David-Benz, J. Egg, F.Galtier, A. Kizito, YY.Shen = Ag. MIS in Africa Renewal & Impact
- 2. CONTEXT 80s 90s : 2 decades of fast development of MIS, in a context of market liberalization But the results appear disappointing (Bowbrick, 1988 ; Shepherd, 1997 ; Egg et Galtier 1998 et 2003) : Information disseminated doesn't meet stockholders needs Financially unsustainable Lack of M&E tools and lack of reactivity Market functioning and specificities are not considered A new generation of MIS emerge in 2000s, in a changing environment : NTIC, strengthening of farmers organizations, regional integration policies 2
- 3. OBJECTIVES and METHODS Objective : what are the main evolutions and innovations i t d MIS ? i ti in todays 3
- 4. Sources SIM inventory (77 MIS data base - 66% Africa, 18% Asia, Lat. Am. 11%, Caribbean 4%, World 1%) Email survey (identification, main features, evolution, constraints/solutions) Several reminders and revisions => 31 clean answers (mostly Africa : 94%) Additional information from literature and web 4
- 5. Limitations Mostly descriptive (no indications about effectiveness of the services provided) Preliminary results (some filled in questionnaires received mid-March) ti i i d id M h) 5
- 6. Methods Evolution of the first generation of MIS (1G: 80s & 90s ) g ( ): comparing their beginning / todays situation (1G terminology will be kept here to avoid confusion, even if they have integrated many innovations) Main features & innovations in todays MIS : comparing 1G today / recent MIS (2G : 2000 s) 1G ( 2G 2000s) 束 artificial 損 chronological limit in 2000 ? g necessity to set a limit to analyze evolution relevant considering changes in the environment (1st SIM using Internet and mobile phone, regional integration policies) MIS are influenced by their history 6
- 7. RESULTS 7
- 8. General mapping of MIS in Africa RESIMAO INFOCOMM& Afriquede INFOSHARE lOuest OMAMali AMASSA SIARM SIARM Mali h l PSASahel S辿n辿gal SIM AcSSANiger SIMAPROSSA T2MManobi S辿n辿gal Burkina FAMIS S辿n辿gal Soudan TRADEAT HANDAfrique SIMAB辿tail EGTE ECX SIPAGGuin辿e SIMA Niger Ethiopie delOuest Ethiopie Niger SIMOCPV SIMATP INFOTRADE FOODNET C担tedIvoire Ghana Ouganda O d Ouganda O d KACE RATINAfrique AMITSA Afrique L辿gende: SIMANOPACI Kenya delEst delEst C担tedIvoire ACE OdR OdR AMIC ZNFU4455 Malawi SIMr辿gional/ ZAMACE Madagascar r辿seaudeSIM Zambie Zambie Zambie Bazar.Mada Technoserve MIS SIMA Mozambique SIMinternational Mozambique SIEL / /Plateforme Madagascar M d ESOKO SIM national 8
- 9. Geographical classification g p 1G 2G Sub-total National 13 13 26 Supranational 0 5 5 National MIS are most well spread Few supranational : regional, network, World We will focus on national MIS, as supranational ones are too heterogeneous to be analyzed as a single type. 9
- 10. Main features and evolution Focused on aspects that have been changing significantly (or that are expected to have changed) Information collected and sources Internal transmission and users diffusion Other services provided Monitoring and feed-back Institutional home Funding 10
- 11. Essential information collected (price & volume) 1G have extended the scope of prices and volumes collected. More attention now on traded volume and stocks. 2 G appear more selective on the level of prices, and are interested on volume as well. 11
- 12. Other information collected 1G : strong diversification of information collected (supply/demand, (supply/demand extension production & market, costs, prevision market costs of harvest and prices, policies) Today strong heterogeneity among all the MIS (2 to 18 束 other info. 損 collected). No clearly related to an other parameter. 12
- 13. Other service provided Today SIM provide today a limited number of services (apart from information). Mostly related to training and extension. Studies appear a specificity of 1G. 13
- 14. Sources and modes of internal transmission Today Avec les NTIC: Most 1G have integrated NTIC (email - SMS), but still use classical media of transmission (fax, phone, hand delivery, postal, radio). 2G rely mostly on NTIC, more specifically on SMS (seldom on traditionnal media) 14
- 15. Modes of diffusion Today Diversified means: Email and Web are generalized SMS well spread among 2G but much less among 1G NTIC are note excluding more t diti t l di traditional : l l large scale di l dissemination i ti means (radio) and analytical media (news-letter, news papers ) in both 15 categories of MIS
- 16. SE & feed-back Today Large panel of SE and feed-back tools No significant difference between 1G and 2G But no ex-post analysis of actual requests 16
- 17. Institutional home 1G : public sector home remains largely dominant 2 G : almost no public home. Large diversity (projects and NGOs farmers/traders organizations NGOs, organizations, private firms) Several mixed institutional home is common 17
- 18. Funding Today 1G : public largely dominant and limited contribution of donors (previously funded by project related to liberalization, they are now included in government budget) 2G : rely mostly on donors (new SIM, benefiting from renewal of interest 18 towards MIS). Some (very marginal) contribution of users.
- 19. Discussion What can be expected from these innovations ? (in term of potential to improve efficiency) Indicators of (potentiel) improvement of Limits of 1G MIS performances Modes of diffusion (utility) Lack of reliability and utility of Information collected (utility) 1 the information provided Modes of infernal transmission (reliability) Quality control (reliability) Lack of tools / methods of Feed-back devices (monitoring + adjustment 2 monitoring and evaluation capacity) Lack f dj t L k of adjustment capacity t it Institutional h I tit ti l home (i (incentive t match users ti to t h 3 (administrative management) needs) Problem of durability (project 4 Funding (durability) funded) Market functioning insufficiently Other services (respond to non informational 5 titre de l'atelier - 28-31 mars 2010 19 considered constraints)
- 20. 1.1. 1 1 Ad辿quation offre / demande (f 辿 (fr辿quence, accessibilit辿, ibilit辿 diversit辿) Nette am辿lioration des modes de diffusion. Se modernisent sans n辿gliger les modes de diffusion traditionnels traditionnels. Innovation majeur via SMS : interactivit辿 (information la demande de lutilisateur) Doit (potentiellement) permettre de transmettre rapidement, la demande, une information cibl辿e, tout en assurant une diffusion de masse accessible un tr竪s faible co短t un plus g p grand nombre 1.2. Fiabilit辿 Risque derreur limit辿 par l Ri d li it辿 lusage d NTIC d des dans l t la transmission i i interne. Diff辿rents formes de contr担le qualit辿 et SE. En cas de contribution des utilisateurs lapprovisionnement du l approvisionnement syst竪me, risque de biais volontaire de linformation fournie. 20
- 21. 2. Feed-back, suivi-辿valuation Diff辿rentes f Diff辿 t formes de SE sont mobilis辿es ( compris i li d t bili 辿 (y i impliquant l t les utilisateurs) Mais de r辿elles 辿valuation dimpact manquent 3. R辿activit辿 De-fonctionnarisation, implication des OP et du priv辿 devraient offrir des conditions incitant davantage r辿pondre aux attentes des 4 . Durabilit辿 Non r辿gl辿 (les nouveaux SIM sont financ辿s surtout par bailleurs et la contribution des usagers reste minime) 5. 5 Prise en compte du fonctionnements du march辿 Tr竪s h辿t辿rog竪ne. Les cas de dispositifs les plus int辿gr辿s sont des projets (qui sont par d辿finition non durables ) durables) 21