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Day 7 Medication Aide

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Kim Recker
Kim Recker

This document discusses several categories of medications used to treat conditions of the eyes, ears, nose, urinary system, reproductive system, and infections. It provides examples of common medications for each category and describes their uses, side effects, and nursing considerations. Some key points are that eye drops require specific techniques for administration and different classes have standardized bottle colors; urinary medications may cause discoloration; and antibiotics are used to treat common infections like UTIs, STDs, and ear/eye infections.

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Day 7 Medication Aide
Used in treatment of inflammatory, allergic, debilitating conditions (MS, rheumatoid arthritis, shock, head trauma with edema, asthma, organ transplant) Common side affects Abdominal distention Headache Increased appetite Flushing Mood changes GI hemorrhage Delayed wound healing Nursing precautions Take with food or at mealtime Do not stop drug abruptly Avoid persons with URI Eat foods rich in potassium, esp with Prednisone Examples Prednisone Decadron Kenalog Depo Medrol
Given to relieve hot flashes of menopause Given to aide in contraception Given for replacement therapy following surgical removal of ovaries To slow progress of advanced prostate cancer Does increase risk of breast CA Does increase risk of blood clots S/E wt. gain & edema PROGESTERONES Inhibits ovulation Treat endometriosis Hormonal balance to treat amenorrhea & abnormal uterine bleeding S/E wt. gain, edema Break-thru uterine bleeding Birth defects with a pregnancy ANDROGENS Treat lack of male sex hormones Breast CA in post menopausal women S/E changes in level of alertness Women-increased male characteristics Men-increased female characteristics
Female Uterine dysfunction PMS Menopause Endometriosis Osteoporosis Cancer STDs Treated with Estrogens-Premarin, Menest, Estrace, Ogen Progestins-ProveraAygestin, Progesterone Increases risk of breast cancer Wt. gain, edema & blood clots Male Delayed puberty Sexual dysfunction Tumors (prostate, testicular, breast) STDs Hypogonadism-low testosterone Eunuchism-no male hormones Treated with androgens-Testoderm, Methitest, Halotestin
Herpes-no known cure-Treated with anti-viral drugs Gonorrhea-Genital discharge-Treated with Antibiotics Chlamydia(Most common) Treated with Antibiotics Syphilis Treated with Antibiotics Presence of chancres on the penis, vagina, lips, inside the mouth Causes death Damages the CNS
Used to treat disorder caused by invasion of pathogenic microorganism Common side effects Nausea Headache GI distress Burning & stinging with topical use Nursing precautions Provide support as client deals with fact infection is sexually transmitted, need to notify sexual partners Avoid sexual contact during treatment Need for follow-up visits Examples Doxycycline Diflucan (antifungal) Zovirax (antiviral) Llotycin (erythromycin) Flagyl Vagistat Valtrex
Used to prevent pregnancy by preventing ovulation Common side affects Fluid retention Break through bleeding Abdominal pain Depression Vascular headache Nervousness Nursing precautions Stop smoking Possible decreased effectiveness during antibiotic therapy Teach acronyms (ACHES) A-abdominal pain (severe) C- chest pain or shortness of breath H- Headache, severe with vertigo, weakness, numbness, speech difficulties E- eye disorders (blurring, vision loss) S- Severe leg pain, swelling in calf or thigh Examples Triphasil (Estrogen/progestin) Lo/Ovral Norinyl Natasia, Beyaz
Apply patch the same day every week Apply on the buttocks, abd., upper outer arm, or upper torso-do not apply on the breast or where tight clothing may rub the patch Do not apply makeup, pwdr. lotion or cream to the area Contact the nse if becomes loose Not effective the 1st 7 days of the 1st menstrual cycle Ortho Evra
Causes urinary problems after the age of 50 Tx.-TURP Adrenergic blocking agents(Uroxatral, Flomax) Drowsiness, H/A, fainting, monitor BP-give with food Anti-Adrogen agents(Avodart & Proscar) Impotence, decreased sexual drive
Causes-Diabetes, spinal cord injuries, MS, Heart & circulatory disorders, prostrate problems, alcoholism, high BP, drug abuse, psychological factors Drug is taken 30 min. to 4 hrs prior to sexual activity Color(blue or green) vision impairment Hypotension or angina(do not take rx for angina-stop sexual activity & lie down) HA, flushing of the face & neck If erection lasts more then 4 hrs. contact Dr. Viagra(take on a empty stomach) Levitra Cialis
Infections Cystitis Pyelonephritis Prostatitis Urethritis Obstructions Electrolyte or acid/base imbalance Urinary retention
Used to make urine more acidic (urinary tract infection) Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Anorexia Thirst Nursing precautions Report gastric disturbances promptly Examples Aluminum chloride
Used for bladder infections suppress growth of bacteria Common side effects GI distress Nursing precautions Many need to be taken with food or milk May turn urine brown Encourage additional fluid intake(2000cc./day) Examples Furadantin Macrodantin Gantrisin Septra Bactrium NegGram (nalidixix acid) Monurol (fosfomycin) Mandelamine (methenamine mandelate)
Decreases urinary incontinence Anti-cholinergic drugs-Enablex, Ditropan, Vesicare, Detrol & Detrol LA, Sanctura Dry mouth, urinary retention Constipation Blurred vision
Used to promote emptying of bladder Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Low blood pressure Nursing precautions Give on empty stomach Examples Duvoid Myotonachol Urecholine (bethanechol chloride)
Used to provide a local anesthetic effect on lining of urinary tract Common side effects Headache Nausea Nursing precautions Give with food or liquids Turns urine red or orange, may stain clothing Examples Azodine Pyridium
Eyes Cataracts Glaucoma Infections Inflammation (bleparitis, keratitis) Ears Infections Wax build up Loss of hearing Dizziness Osteoarthritis Nose Rhinitis Congestion
Do not use more than one drop unless ordered otherwise Wait at least 3- 5 minutes between drops if more then 1 kind of rx or 1-3 min if 2 or more gtts & the same kind of rx Apply drops before ointments Explain to patient about burning or blurred vision Know standard colors for ophthalmic labels and bottle caps Anti-infectives- brow or tan Beta-adrenergic blocking agents- yellow, blue or both Miotics- green Mydriatics and cycloplegics- red non-steriodal anti-inflammatory agents- gray
Used to relieve abnormally high pressure within eye (may lead to blindness) Causes decreased IOP to prevent further blindness Common side effects Temporary blurred vision Temporary eye discomfort including stinging, redness Nursing precautions Systemic absorption is possible (sweating, salivation, nausea, vomiting, trembling, changes in blood pressure & heart rhythm) Examples Eserine Betoptic (betaxolol hydrochloride) Timopotic (timolol maleate) Propine (dipivefrin hydrochloride) Ismotic (isosorbide) Isopto-carbachol (cabachol) Isopto-Carpine, Pilocar (pilocarpine)
Reduces IOP by increasing the out-flow of aqueous humor Used when other agents havent responded well S/E Eye Irritation Changes in the eye color Lumigan Xalatan Travantan
Relaxes the eye muscles, causing the eye to dilate Used with examinations of the eyes interior To rest the eye if inflamed To measure the lens strength S/E Eye sensitivity, irritation, blurred vision dry mouth, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, urinary retention, constipation Isopto-Atropine Isopto-Hydroscine Mydriacyl a
1 drop q 1-2 hr. intervals the 1st 3-4 days-then reduced to q 3-4 hrs. Cont. 14 to 21 days S/E sensitivity to bright light Eye pain(contact Dr.) Natacyn
Used to kill or slow growth of bacteria in conditions such as conjunctivitis Common side effects Temporary blurred vision Temporary eye discomfort including burning, redness Nursing precautions Prolonged, frequent used should be avoided, possibility of hypersensitivity reactions and secondary infections Apply light finger pressure to inner canthus of eye for one minute after drops instilled Examples Bacitracin ophthalmic Garamycin ophthalmic Tobrex ophthalmic Neosporin ophthalmic
Used to treat viral infections of eye such as herpes simplex Common side effects Blurred vision Tearing Redness Burning Sensitivity to bright light Nursing precautions Used sun glasses to help reduce discomfort caused by hypersensitivity to light Example Herplex Viroptic (trifluridine)
Used for allergic reactions of the eye, acute inflammation not caused by infection Common side effects Blurred vision Eye irritation, stinging Increased pressure within eye Nursing precautions Used for limited time Check frequently for increased pressure (prolonged used cause glaucoma, cataracts) Apply light finger pressure to inner canthus of eye for one minute after drops instilled Examples prednisolone acetate Decadron
Before & after cataract surgery(Ocufen, Profenal, Voltarin Seasonal allergies(Acular) Allergic eye disorders(Alomide, Alamast, Alocril) Allergic conjunctivitis(Optivar, Emadine, Zaditor, Patinol)
Used to dilate pupil Common side effects Local irritation Sensitivity to light Dry mouth Flushing Nursing precautions Do not use with glaucoma Sunglasses will help light sensitivity Apply light finger pressure to inner canthus of eye for one minute after drops instilled Examples Atropine sulfate
Used to provide lubricant to eyes if abnormally dry, artificial tears Common side effects Allergic reaction (redness of eyes) Nursing precautions None Examples Artificial tears Lacrisen Tears naturale Isopto Plain Liquifilm tears
Used to treat ear infections Common side effects Burning Irritation Nursing precautions Stop topical therapy after 10 days to prevent overgrowth Examples Cortisporin Neomycin
Aids in removal of ear wax Common side effects Redness Irritation Nursing precautions Report increased pain, redness, swelling Examples Debrox Cerumenex
Used to reduce nasal congestion & middle ear effusion (outward spread of bacterial growth) Common side effects Dry mouth Somolence Blurred vision Nursing precautions Alert consumer to drowsiness Avoid intake of alcohol Examples Dimetapp Drixxoral Naldecon Triaminic Seldane
Used to decrease inflammation Common side effects Burning Headache Nosebleeds Nursing precautions Notify prescriber if symptoms do not improve within 3 weeks Adhere to prescribed schedule Examples Beconase AQ Nasalide Flonase Nasacort
Used to shrink nasal mucosa Common side effects Rebound nasal congestion Headache Restlessness Nursing precautions Do not exceed recommended dosage Examples Privine Afrin Tyzine Otrivin NeoSynephrine, sinex Sudafed
Growth of abnormal cells is called a tumor Malignant tumor (cancer) Invade and destroy nearby tissue. Benign tumor Do not spread to other body parts. They can grow to a large size, but are rarely life-threatening. Metastasis Spread of cancer to other body parts
Second leading cause of death in the USA Growing old Tobacco Sunlight Ionizing radiation Certain chemicals and other substances Some viruses and bacteria Certain hormones Family history of cancer Alcohol Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and being overweight
Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Hormone replacement therapy Biological therapy
Used to halt cell replication processes Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Anorexia Stomatitis Alopecia Nursing precautions Give good oral hygiene Watch for signs/symptoms of infection (sore throat, fever, fatigue) Give alkeran on empty stomach Examples Alkeran Leukeran Myleran Cytoxan
Used to interfere in the pathways of dividing cells Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Diarrhea Stomatitis Alopecia Nursing precautions Give good oral hygiene Watch for signs/symptoms of infection (sore throat, fever, fatigue) Give Xeloda 30 minutes after meals Examples Methotrexate Purinethol (meecaptopurine) Hydrea Xeloda Avastin
Used to make environment unsupportive of cancer cell growth by changing hormonal levels within consumer Common side effects Acne Weight gain Insomnia Libido changes cramps Nursing precautions Monitor weight Low salt diet When administering steroids take with milk/antacid Encourage food intake high potassium Examples Steroids- prednisone, prednisolone Estrogens- diethylstillbestrol (DES), Estinyl Androgens- Halotestin, Malogen Progestins- Megace

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Day 7 Medication Aide

  • 2. Used in treatment of inflammatory, allergic, debilitating conditions (MS, rheumatoid arthritis, shock, head trauma with edema, asthma, organ transplant) Common side affects Abdominal distention Headache Increased appetite Flushing Mood changes GI hemorrhage Delayed wound healing Nursing precautions Take with food or at mealtime Do not stop drug abruptly Avoid persons with URI Eat foods rich in potassium, esp with Prednisone Examples Prednisone Decadron Kenalog Depo Medrol
  • 3. Given to relieve hot flashes of menopause Given to aide in contraception Given for replacement therapy following surgical removal of ovaries To slow progress of advanced prostate cancer Does increase risk of breast CA Does increase risk of blood clots S/E wt. gain & edema PROGESTERONES Inhibits ovulation Treat endometriosis Hormonal balance to treat amenorrhea & abnormal uterine bleeding S/E wt. gain, edema Break-thru uterine bleeding Birth defects with a pregnancy ANDROGENS Treat lack of male sex hormones Breast CA in post menopausal women S/E changes in level of alertness Women-increased male characteristics Men-increased female characteristics
  • 4. Female Uterine dysfunction PMS Menopause Endometriosis Osteoporosis Cancer STDs Treated with Estrogens-Premarin, Menest, Estrace, Ogen Progestins-ProveraAygestin, Progesterone Increases risk of breast cancer Wt. gain, edema & blood clots Male Delayed puberty Sexual dysfunction Tumors (prostate, testicular, breast) STDs Hypogonadism-low testosterone Eunuchism-no male hormones Treated with androgens-Testoderm, Methitest, Halotestin
  • 5. Herpes-no known cure-Treated with anti-viral drugs Gonorrhea-Genital discharge-Treated with Antibiotics Chlamydia(Most common) Treated with Antibiotics Syphilis Treated with Antibiotics Presence of chancres on the penis, vagina, lips, inside the mouth Causes death Damages the CNS
  • 6. Used to treat disorder caused by invasion of pathogenic microorganism Common side effects Nausea Headache GI distress Burning & stinging with topical use Nursing precautions Provide support as client deals with fact infection is sexually transmitted, need to notify sexual partners Avoid sexual contact during treatment Need for follow-up visits Examples Doxycycline Diflucan (antifungal) Zovirax (antiviral) Llotycin (erythromycin) Flagyl Vagistat Valtrex
  • 7. Used to prevent pregnancy by preventing ovulation Common side affects Fluid retention Break through bleeding Abdominal pain Depression Vascular headache Nervousness Nursing precautions Stop smoking Possible decreased effectiveness during antibiotic therapy Teach acronyms (ACHES) A-abdominal pain (severe) C- chest pain or shortness of breath H- Headache, severe with vertigo, weakness, numbness, speech difficulties E- eye disorders (blurring, vision loss) S- Severe leg pain, swelling in calf or thigh Examples Triphasil (Estrogen/progestin) Lo/Ovral Norinyl Natasia, Beyaz
  • 8. Apply patch the same day every week Apply on the buttocks, abd., upper outer arm, or upper torso-do not apply on the breast or where tight clothing may rub the patch Do not apply makeup, pwdr. lotion or cream to the area Contact the nse if becomes loose Not effective the 1st 7 days of the 1st menstrual cycle Ortho Evra
  • 9. Causes urinary problems after the age of 50 Tx.-TURP Adrenergic blocking agents(Uroxatral, Flomax) Drowsiness, H/A, fainting, monitor BP-give with food Anti-Adrogen agents(Avodart & Proscar) Impotence, decreased sexual drive
  • 10. Causes-Diabetes, spinal cord injuries, MS, Heart & circulatory disorders, prostrate problems, alcoholism, high BP, drug abuse, psychological factors Drug is taken 30 min. to 4 hrs prior to sexual activity Color(blue or green) vision impairment Hypotension or angina(do not take rx for angina-stop sexual activity & lie down) HA, flushing of the face & neck If erection lasts more then 4 hrs. contact Dr. Viagra(take on a empty stomach) Levitra Cialis
  • 11. Infections Cystitis Pyelonephritis Prostatitis Urethritis Obstructions Electrolyte or acid/base imbalance Urinary retention
  • 12. Used to make urine more acidic (urinary tract infection) Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Anorexia Thirst Nursing precautions Report gastric disturbances promptly Examples Aluminum chloride
  • 13. Used for bladder infections suppress growth of bacteria Common side effects GI distress Nursing precautions Many need to be taken with food or milk May turn urine brown Encourage additional fluid intake(2000cc./day) Examples Furadantin Macrodantin Gantrisin Septra Bactrium NegGram (nalidixix acid) Monurol (fosfomycin) Mandelamine (methenamine mandelate)
  • 14. Decreases urinary incontinence Anti-cholinergic drugs-Enablex, Ditropan, Vesicare, Detrol & Detrol LA, Sanctura Dry mouth, urinary retention Constipation Blurred vision
  • 15. Used to promote emptying of bladder Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Low blood pressure Nursing precautions Give on empty stomach Examples Duvoid Myotonachol Urecholine (bethanechol chloride)
  • 16. Used to provide a local anesthetic effect on lining of urinary tract Common side effects Headache Nausea Nursing precautions Give with food or liquids Turns urine red or orange, may stain clothing Examples Azodine Pyridium
  • 17. Eyes Cataracts Glaucoma Infections Inflammation (bleparitis, keratitis) Ears Infections Wax build up Loss of hearing Dizziness Osteoarthritis Nose Rhinitis Congestion
  • 18. Do not use more than one drop unless ordered otherwise Wait at least 3- 5 minutes between drops if more then 1 kind of rx or 1-3 min if 2 or more gtts & the same kind of rx Apply drops before ointments Explain to patient about burning or blurred vision Know standard colors for ophthalmic labels and bottle caps Anti-infectives- brow or tan Beta-adrenergic blocking agents- yellow, blue or both Miotics- green Mydriatics and cycloplegics- red non-steriodal anti-inflammatory agents- gray
  • 19. Used to relieve abnormally high pressure within eye (may lead to blindness) Causes decreased IOP to prevent further blindness Common side effects Temporary blurred vision Temporary eye discomfort including stinging, redness Nursing precautions Systemic absorption is possible (sweating, salivation, nausea, vomiting, trembling, changes in blood pressure & heart rhythm) Examples Eserine Betoptic (betaxolol hydrochloride) Timopotic (timolol maleate) Propine (dipivefrin hydrochloride) Ismotic (isosorbide) Isopto-carbachol (cabachol) Isopto-Carpine, Pilocar (pilocarpine)
  • 20. Reduces IOP by increasing the out-flow of aqueous humor Used when other agents havent responded well S/E Eye Irritation Changes in the eye color Lumigan Xalatan Travantan
  • 21. Relaxes the eye muscles, causing the eye to dilate Used with examinations of the eyes interior To rest the eye if inflamed To measure the lens strength S/E Eye sensitivity, irritation, blurred vision dry mouth, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, urinary retention, constipation Isopto-Atropine Isopto-Hydroscine Mydriacyl a
  • 22. 1 drop q 1-2 hr. intervals the 1st 3-4 days-then reduced to q 3-4 hrs. Cont. 14 to 21 days S/E sensitivity to bright light Eye pain(contact Dr.) Natacyn
  • 23. Used to kill or slow growth of bacteria in conditions such as conjunctivitis Common side effects Temporary blurred vision Temporary eye discomfort including burning, redness Nursing precautions Prolonged, frequent used should be avoided, possibility of hypersensitivity reactions and secondary infections Apply light finger pressure to inner canthus of eye for one minute after drops instilled Examples Bacitracin ophthalmic Garamycin ophthalmic Tobrex ophthalmic Neosporin ophthalmic
  • 24. Used to treat viral infections of eye such as herpes simplex Common side effects Blurred vision Tearing Redness Burning Sensitivity to bright light Nursing precautions Used sun glasses to help reduce discomfort caused by hypersensitivity to light Example Herplex Viroptic (trifluridine)
  • 25. Used for allergic reactions of the eye, acute inflammation not caused by infection Common side effects Blurred vision Eye irritation, stinging Increased pressure within eye Nursing precautions Used for limited time Check frequently for increased pressure (prolonged used cause glaucoma, cataracts) Apply light finger pressure to inner canthus of eye for one minute after drops instilled Examples prednisolone acetate Decadron
  • 26. Before & after cataract surgery(Ocufen, Profenal, Voltarin Seasonal allergies(Acular) Allergic eye disorders(Alomide, Alamast, Alocril) Allergic conjunctivitis(Optivar, Emadine, Zaditor, Patinol)
  • 27. Used to dilate pupil Common side effects Local irritation Sensitivity to light Dry mouth Flushing Nursing precautions Do not use with glaucoma Sunglasses will help light sensitivity Apply light finger pressure to inner canthus of eye for one minute after drops instilled Examples Atropine sulfate
  • 28. Used to provide lubricant to eyes if abnormally dry, artificial tears Common side effects Allergic reaction (redness of eyes) Nursing precautions None Examples Artificial tears Lacrisen Tears naturale Isopto Plain Liquifilm tears
  • 29. Used to treat ear infections Common side effects Burning Irritation Nursing precautions Stop topical therapy after 10 days to prevent overgrowth Examples Cortisporin Neomycin
  • 30. Aids in removal of ear wax Common side effects Redness Irritation Nursing precautions Report increased pain, redness, swelling Examples Debrox Cerumenex
  • 31. Used to reduce nasal congestion & middle ear effusion (outward spread of bacterial growth) Common side effects Dry mouth Somolence Blurred vision Nursing precautions Alert consumer to drowsiness Avoid intake of alcohol Examples Dimetapp Drixxoral Naldecon Triaminic Seldane
  • 32. Used to decrease inflammation Common side effects Burning Headache Nosebleeds Nursing precautions Notify prescriber if symptoms do not improve within 3 weeks Adhere to prescribed schedule Examples Beconase AQ Nasalide Flonase Nasacort
  • 33. Used to shrink nasal mucosa Common side effects Rebound nasal congestion Headache Restlessness Nursing precautions Do not exceed recommended dosage Examples Privine Afrin Tyzine Otrivin NeoSynephrine, sinex Sudafed
  • 34. Growth of abnormal cells is called a tumor Malignant tumor (cancer) Invade and destroy nearby tissue. Benign tumor Do not spread to other body parts. They can grow to a large size, but are rarely life-threatening. Metastasis Spread of cancer to other body parts
  • 35. Second leading cause of death in the USA Growing old Tobacco Sunlight Ionizing radiation Certain chemicals and other substances Some viruses and bacteria Certain hormones Family history of cancer Alcohol Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and being overweight
  • 36. Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Hormone replacement therapy Biological therapy
  • 37. Used to halt cell replication processes Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Anorexia Stomatitis Alopecia Nursing precautions Give good oral hygiene Watch for signs/symptoms of infection (sore throat, fever, fatigue) Give alkeran on empty stomach Examples Alkeran Leukeran Myleran Cytoxan
  • 38. Used to interfere in the pathways of dividing cells Common side effects Nausea, vomiting Diarrhea Stomatitis Alopecia Nursing precautions Give good oral hygiene Watch for signs/symptoms of infection (sore throat, fever, fatigue) Give Xeloda 30 minutes after meals Examples Methotrexate Purinethol (meecaptopurine) Hydrea Xeloda Avastin
  • 39. Used to make environment unsupportive of cancer cell growth by changing hormonal levels within consumer Common side effects Acne Weight gain Insomnia Libido changes cramps Nursing precautions Monitor weight Low salt diet When administering steroids take with milk/antacid Encourage food intake high potassium Examples Steroids- prednisone, prednisolone Estrogens- diethylstillbestrol (DES), Estinyl Androgens- Halotestin, Malogen Progestins- Megace

Editor's Notes

  • #3: Chapter 28, p. 348-351
  • #5: Chapter 29, p. 357-365
  • #7: Chapter 29, p. 359
  • #8: Chapter 29, 360-362
  • #12: Chapter 30, p. 366-370
  • #13: Chapter 30, p. 366-370
  • #14: Chapter 30, p. 368-369 Chapter 34, p. 414
  • #18: Chapter 31, p. 372-384
  • #20: Chapter 31, p. 376-380
  • #24: Chapter 31, p. 383
  • #25: Chapter 31, p. 382
  • #26: Chapter 31, p. 383
  • #28: Chapter 31, p. 381
  • #29: Chapter 31, p. 384
  • #33: Chapter 24, p. 306
  • #34: Chapter 24, p. 305
  • #38: Chapter 32, p. 390
  • #39: Chapter 32, p. 392
  • #40: Chapter 28, p. 350, 352, 353 Chapter 32, p. 394-395