Implicit cognitive processes in the addiction clinic

Mar 16, 2009Download as PPTX, PDF1 like600 views

The document discusses implicit cognitive processes in addiction treatment. It argues that implicit processes underlie involuntary aspects of addiction and are potential targets for modification through existing and new treatments. Specifically, it suggests that addressing implicit biases and improving executive control can enhance treatment outcomes by reducing cue reactivity and preoccupation with drug cues. A number of cognitive and behavioral techniques are proposed that aim to increase cognitive control and reverse automatic tendencies, such as cognitive bias modification and implementation intentions.

Implicit cognitive processes in the addiction clinic

1. The document discusses cognitive processes like attentional biases and impaired executive function as latent vulnerability factors that can increase drug craving and relapse risk in addiction. 2. Treatment should focus on modifying these cognitive processes through strategies like cognitive rehabilitation, impulse control training, and reversing cognitive biases. 3. Translating cognitive psychology findings into effective clinical applications is challenging but treatments combining cognitive and behavioral approaches may be most effective in addressing addiction at both implicit and explicit cognitive levels.

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The document discusses managing neurobehavioral issues in clients with brain injuries. It covers topics like post-traumatic amnesia, aggression, mood disorders, psychosis, and sexually inappropriate behaviors. It describes developing unwanted behaviors after brain injury and how to conduct functional assessments to understand the purpose and function of behaviors. The summary emphasizes using reinforcement and antecedent-based strategies to modify behaviors while avoiding punishment when possible due to safety risks.

PsychrehabcraterNeuro Psychology

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The document discusses techniques for modifying psychotherapy to help individuals with neurological impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The key points are: 1. Link cognitive strategies to daily routines like meals to lessen the memory burden. Understand catastrophic reactions like anger and tie cognitive strategies to reducing those reactions. 2. Externalize the problem by framing it as the brain injury causing issues, not the patient. Build resilience by focusing on effective coping rather than personal bests. 3. Cognitive retraining works best when integrated with psychotherapy and involves the patient, family, and therapists working as a team against the brain injury.

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The document summarizes several systematic reviews and studies on the use of motivational interviewing (MI) with offenders and clients in treatment for personality disorders. The reviews found that MI is effective at: 1) Improving retention in substance abuse treatment programs and motivation for change. 2) Potentially reducing substance use, especially when combined with other treatments like contingency management. 3) However, the evidence is mixed on whether MI can reduce recidivism and change offending behavior.

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1) The treatment of psychological disorders is linked to their proposed etiology or cause. Biopsychological treatments that incorporate drug therapy, individual therapy, or group therapy are often the most effective when biological factors are involved. 2) Individual therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically aim to change negative or distorted thoughts and behaviors. CBT typically involves 12-20 weekly sessions to help patients identify and correct faulty thinking patterns. 3) Cultural considerations and social contexts must be taken into account in therapy. Religion, community, and family are particularly important influences to incorporate in some cultures and regions like Malaysia.

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Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders:from the la...Kaan Y

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A study from 1989 found no significant difference in effectiveness between cognitive therapy, antidepressant drugs, and placebo for treating major depression. Group therapy for depression often involves couples therapy, as depression is linked to marital problems, with therapies focusing on improving communication and problem-solving. Studies are still needed to directly compare the effectiveness of individual and group therapy for patients with similar characteristics. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD encourages patients to talk about their trauma in a safe environment to cope with it, with the goals of showing the trauma cannot hurt them again and that anxiety decreases over time.

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This document summarizes a presentation on evidence-based management of delusional disorder. It discusses recent literature on pharmacological and psychological treatments. Antipsychotic medications like risperidone, olanzapine, and amisulpride showed high recovery rates in case studies and reports. Combining antipsychotics with antidepressants or psychotherapy is also a common approach. While medications and cognitive behavioral therapy have demonstrated effectiveness, more randomized controlled trials are still needed due to the limited evidence available for treating this disorder.

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The document summarizes recent evidence on treating delusional disorder. It reviews 24 studies on pharmacological treatments published between 2012-2014, finding antipsychotics like risperidone and olanzapine effective. Long-acting injections of antipsychotics showed higher treatment maintenance than oral drugs. Combining antidepressants or psychotherapy with antipsychotics is also common. While evidence is limited, pharmacological and psychological therapies can both help manage delusional disorder symptoms. More randomized controlled trials are still needed.

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Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) was developed as an alternative to standard Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for treating adolescents with behavioral and complex comorbid problems. MDT incorporates principles from CBT, DBT, ACT, and FAP. It is based on Beck's theory of modes and aims to overcome limitations of CBT by assessing and reconstructing adolescents' core beliefs using modes. MDT uses mindfulness, acceptance, and validation techniques to help adolescents manage fears, triggers and core beliefs that lead to maladaptive behaviors. A key part of MDT is developing therapeutic relationships and family support systems to encourage new coping skills and reduce anxiety.

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This document discusses improving the effectiveness of psychotherapy, especially for challenging cases. It provides both good and bad news about therapy outcomes. On average, treated clients do better than 80% of untreated clients. However, dropout rates are around 47% and some therapists fail to identify clients who are not progressing. The document recommends formalizing client feedback through measures of outcome and alliance administered at each session. Integrating this feedback into care through collaborative teams can help therapists "fail successfully" by changing course when needed to improve outcomes.

Relapse Prevention.ppsOla

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The document discusses relapse prevention in substance use disorders. It covers several key points: 1. Relapse is common in addiction recovery, with rates as high as 60-90% within a year of treatment. Prevention of relapse is critical for effective treatment. 2. Relapse is a process that occurs in phases, from initial internal changes to full loss of control over substance use. There are warning signs in each phase. 3. High-risk situations like negative emotions, conflicts, and social pressure can lead to relapse if the person does not have coping skills. The "abstinence violation effect" can also undermine commitment to sobriety. 4. Understanding relapse as a complex, multi

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Brief interventions involve short counseling sessions that provide feedback, advice, and support to motivate individuals to reduce risky drinking behaviors. MET is a client-centered counseling style based on motivational interviewing that aims to resolve ambivalence and increase intrinsic motivation for change. Both approaches are time-limited and focus on negotiating drinking reduction rather than requiring abstinence. Screening tools are used to identify hazardous drinkers who could benefit, with brief structured advice or extended brief counseling sessions depending on severity. Motivational strategies like FRAMES are employed to enhance engagement in the process of behavior change.

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Psychosocial intervention is an approach that acknowledges the psychological and social factors that influence an individual's well-being. It includes psychoeducation, cognitive and behavioral strategies, social skills training, sleep hygiene, interpersonal therapy, and group therapy. A case study describes a 12-year-old boy presenting with depression who was assessed and received cognitive behavioral therapy targeting negative thoughts, as well as social skills training and group therapy. Research shows cognitive behavioral therapy can have immediate and long-term positive effects on reducing depressive symptoms.

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This document discusses how mindfulness can help with trauma-related difficulties. It defines mindfulness as maintaining moment-to-moment awareness of current experiences without judgment. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to help with issues like anxiety, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, self-injury, and PTSD. Mindfulness can help process traumatic memories so they no longer intrude and encourage metacognitive awareness to identify intrusive thoughts as past events rather than current reality. It describes using mindful processing to non-judgmentally accept and describe traumatic memories in a way that reduces associated distress.

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1) Therapist empathy and interpersonal skills have a significant impact on client outcomes, accounting for up to 15% of the variance in some studies. 2) Training studies show that baseline empathy can predict future counseling performance, even after standardized MI training. Those with higher baseline empathy had better outcomes. 3) Selecting and training counselors based on relational and empathy skills may be important for effective dissemination and implementation of MI and other psychosocial treatments.

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1) The study examined whether coping strategies mediate the relationship between personality traits (Big Five factors) and psychological distress. 2) Results found several Big Five factors (agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism) were correlated with psychological distress and certain coping strategies (wishful thinking, self-criticism, social withdrawal). 3) Further analysis showed these coping strategies (wishful thinking, self-criticism, social withdrawal) partially mediated the relationships between some Big Five factors (agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism) and psychological distress.

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The document summarizes research on whether mindfulness skills help people cope with failure at work. Three studies were conducted among university students to test if mindfulness interventions facilitated more adaptive coping behaviors. The results showed that for individuals reporting high levels of perceived stress, mindfulness predicted less avoidance coping and greater approach coping. Specifically, brief mindfulness inductions led to less avoidance coping. Additionally, a mindfulness acceptance induction led to greater approach coping. Thus, the research suggests mindfulness can help people cope more adaptively with stress and failures, especially for those experiencing high stress.

2020 introduction to_psychotherapies_2020Saju Pj

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This document provides an introduction to various psychotherapies. It discusses psychodynamic therapies including Freudian psychoanalysis and object relations theory. It covers humanistic therapies developed by Rogers and Maslow. Family systems therapies such as structural therapy and strategic therapy are outlined. The document also summarizes cognitive-behavioral therapy and its foundations in classical and operant conditioning. It provides brief biographies of important psychotherapists such as Freud, Jung, Adler, Winnicott, and Beck. Common factors across therapies like the therapeutic relationship are also mentioned.

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Cognitive behaviour therapy aims to address addiction through four key areas: (1) Motivation and engagement, (2) Managing impulses and craving, (3) Mood management, and (4) Mindful recovery. CBT seeks to motivate change, teach skills to manage impulses to use substances, help manage negative emotions, and support mindful recovery approaches. Recent research also indicates cognitive control is impaired in addiction and CBT may need to directly target and rehabilitate neurocognitive functions to effectively treat addiction.

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Neuropsychological Implications Of Ucdzmiers

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Inherited urea cycle disorders disrupt the body's ability to remove ammonia, which can damage the brain's white matter. White matter allows different brain regions to communicate, so damage interferes with cognitive functions. A neuropsychological evaluation assesses strengths and weaknesses by comparing test scores to peers, helping to understand behavior and guide treatment. Damage to white matter from urea cycle disorders may impair executive functions, processing speed, coordination and mood.

neuropsychological assessment in SMIhar234

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Dr. Harneet presented on neuropsychological assessment in severe mental illness. Neuropsychological assessment comprehensively evaluates cognitive, psychological, emotional, and behavioral functioning through detailed interviews and standardized testing to identify strengths and weaknesses. It can aid in diagnosis, distinguish psychiatric and neurological symptoms, inform treatment planning, and assess rehabilitation potential. Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and include impairments in attention, memory, intelligence, and executive functions. Neuropsychological assessment is important for understanding the cognitive impact of severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia.

Alice Medalia SRF WebinarAlzforum

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This document summarizes a presentation on cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation aims to improve cognitive processes like attention, memory, and executive function through behavioral training interventions. It relies on neuroplasticity to strengthen connections in the brain. Exercises target basic sensory skills, discrete cognitive abilities, and more complex skills. Studies find cognitive remediation improves cognition, functioning, and motivation, especially when treatment is more intensive, motivational factors are incorporated, and exercises are personalized. Typical programs involve cognitive assessment, goal setting, group sessions 2+ times per week for 3-4 months using drill and strategy practice, and bridging to real-world skills.

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A neurological assessment evaluates brain-behavior relationships by assessing multiple areas of functioning through neuropsychological tests. It aims to diagnose issues, understand the nature and impact of brain injuries, and measure changes over time. A comprehensive assessment provides information to distinguish disorders, identify strengths and weaknesses, guide treatment planning, and inform those involved in a person's care. Neuropsychologists make inferences about neurological functioning based on test performance, considering pre-morbid functioning levels and using approaches like analyzing levels of performance, patterns of scores, and right-left differences.

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Editor's Notes

#3: Inhibition is the most important in present context and three latent variables correlate .42-.63

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