1. 畛 THI VO 10 CHUYN L H畛NG PHONG NAM 畛NH 2018 2019
M担n thi: To叩n chuy棚n
Ngy thi: 26/05/2018
Th畛i gian: 120 ph炭t
C但u 1 (VD) (2 i畛m)
a) R炭t g畛n bi畛u th畛c:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
x y x y
P
x y y x y x x y
=
+ + + +
b) Ch畛ng minh r畉ng: 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 ... 1 2018.
1 2 2 3 2017 2018
+ + + + + + + + +
C但u 2 (VD) (2 i畛m)
a) Gi畉i ph動董ng tr狸nh: ( ) 2 2
2 1 2 1 1.x x x x x 高 + + =
b) Gi畉i h畛 ph動董ng tr狸nh:
( )
2
3 2 1 0
4
3 8 14 8
1 1
x y y x y x
y
x x y
y
+ + =
=
+ +
C但u 3 (VDC) (3 i畛m)
Cho o畉n th畉ng AB v C l i畛m n畉m gi畛a A v B. Tr棚n c湛ng m畛t n畛a m畉t ph畉ng b畛 l
動畛ng th畉ng AB, v畉 n畛a 動畛ng tr嘆n 動畛ng k鱈nh AB v n畛a 動畛ng tr嘆n 動畛ng k鱈nh BC. L畉y
i畛m M thu畛c n畛a 動畛ng tr嘆n 動畛ng k鱈nh BC (M kh叩c B, C). K畉 MH vu担ng g坦c v畛i BC
( );H BC 動畛ng th畉ng MH c畉t n畛a 動畛ng tr嘆n 動畛ng k鱈nh AB t畉i K. Hai 動畛ng th畉ng AK,
CM c畉t nhau t畉i E.
a) Ch畛ng minh 2
. .BE BC AB=
b) T畛 C k畉 Cn vu担ng g坦c v畛i AB (N thu畛c n畛a 動畛ng tr嘆n 動畛ng k鱈nh AB). G畛i P l giao
i畛m c畛a NK v CE. Ch畛ng minhh r畉ng t但m 動畛ng tr嘆n n畛i ti畉p c畛a tam gi叩c BNE v PNE
c湛ng n畉m tr棚n 動畛ng BP.
c) Cho 2BC R= . G畛i 1 2,O O l畉n l動畛t l t但m 動畛ng tr嘆n n畛i ti畉p c叩c tam gi叩c MCH v
MBH. X叩c 畛nh v畛 tr鱈 c畛a i畛m M 畛 chu vi tam gi叩c 1 2O HO l畛n nh畉t.
C但u 4 (1,5 i畛m)
a) T狸m t畉t c畉 c叩c c畉p s畛 nguy棚n ( );x y th畛a m達n 2 2
2 5 41 2x y xy+ = +
b) C坦 bao nhi棚u s畛 t畛 nhi棚n n kh担ng v動畛t qu叩 2019 th畛a m達n 3
2019n + chia h畉t cho 6.
C但u 5 (VDC) (1,5 i畛m)
a) Cho c叩c s畛 th畛c d動董ng th畛a m達n 1a b+ =
2. Ch畛ng minh r畉ng ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 1
3 4 3 3 .
2
a b a b ab a b b a+ + + + +
b) Cho 100 i畛m tr棚n m畉t ph畉ng sao cho trong b畉t k狸 4 i畛m no c滴ng c坦 鱈t nh畉t 3 i畛m th畉ng
hng. Ch畛ng minh r畉ng ta c坦 th畛 b畛 i m畛t i畛m trong 100 i畛m 坦 畛 99 i畛m c嘆n l畉i thu畛c
c湛ng m畛t 動畛ng th畉ng.
3. H働畛NG D畉N GI畉I CHI TI畉T.
C但u 1.
Ph動董ng ph叩p:
a) 畉t i畛u ki畛n sau 坦 r炭t g畛n bi畛u th畛c b畉ng c叩c ph辿p bi畉n 畛i: 畉t nh但n t畛 chung v s畛
d畛ng c叩c h畉ng 畉ng th畛c 叩ng nh畛.
b) p d畛ng ki畛n th畛c: V畛i 0a b c+ + = th狸 ta c坦:
2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
.
a b c a b c
+ + = + +
C叩ch gi畉i:
a) i畛u ki畛n: , 1, 1.x y x y
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
x y x y
P
x y y x y x x y
=
+ + + +
( )( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 1 1 1
x y x y
x y y x x y
=
+ + +
( )( ) ( )( )
2 3 2 3 2 2
1
.
1 1 1 1
x x y y x y
x y y x x y
+ +
=
+ + +
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1
.
1 1 1 1
x y x y x xy y x y
x y y x x y
+ + +
=
+ + +
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
x y x xy y x y
y x x y
+ +
=
+ +
( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 1
x y x xy y x y
x y
+ +
=
+
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
1
1 1
x y x x y y x
y x
+ +
=
+
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 22
11 1 1
1 1 1 1
x x y y xyx y x y x x
y x y x
+ + + + +
= =
+ +
( ) ( ) ( )( )2
1 1 1
1 1
x y y y y x xy y
y y
+
= =
.x xy y= +
b) Ch畛ng minh r畉ng: 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 ... 1 2018.
1 2 2 3 2017 2018
+ + + + + + + + +
4. Ta c坦:
( )2
2 2 2 2 2 2
21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. .
a b c
a b c a b c ab bc ac a b c abc
+ +
+ + = + + + + + = + + +
0a b c + + = ta c坦:
2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
.
a b c a b c
+ + = + +
Ta c坦: ( )1 1 2 0+ + = n棚n
( )
2
22 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 .
1 1 2 2 22
+ + = + + = + = +
呉
T動董ng t畛 ta c坦:
( )
22 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
2 3 2 2 33
+ + = + + = +
( )
22 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
3 4 3 3 44
+ + = + + = +
.............................
.............................
( )
22 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 .
2017 2018 2017 2017 20182018
+ + = + + = +
( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
VT 1 1 1 .... 1 2018 2018
2 2 3 2017 2018 2018
dpcm = + + + + + + + =
C但u 2:
Ph動董ng ph叩p:
a) T狸m i畛u ki畛n x叩c 畛nh c畛a ph動董ng tr狸nh:
+) Gi畉i ph動董ng tr狸nh b畉ng c叩c ph辿p bi畉n 畛i t動董ng 動董ng.
b) Bi畉n 畛i t畛ng ph動董ng tr狸nh sau 坦 gi畉i h畛 ph動董ng tr狸nh b畉ng c叩ch x辿t c叩c tr動畛ng h畛p.
C叩ch gi畉i:
a) i畛u ki畛n: 2 1 2
2 1 0 .
1 2
x
x x
x
+
+
PT ( ) 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1x x x x x + + =
( ) 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1x x x x x + = + +
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1x x x x x x x x + + + = + +
5. ( ) ( )
2
22
1 2 1 1x x x x + = +
2 2
2 2
1 2 1 1 2 2 1
1 2 1 1 2 1 2
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
+ = + = +
+ = + =
2 2 2
2 2
0 0
4 2 1 3 2 1 0
2 1 4 2 5 0
x x
x x x x x
x x x x
o
= + + =
+ = + =
( )
( )
0
1 6 1 6.
1 6
x
VN
x TM x
x KTM
o
= + = +
=
V畉y ph動董ng tr狸nh c坦 nghi畛m duy nh畉t: 1 6.x = +
b) i畛u ki畛n
( )
( )
1 0 8
8 0 1
1 0 1 0
y x y x x
x y
y y x y x
+ 鰹
+ + 鰹
( ) ( )
( )2
3 2 1 0 1
4
3 8 14 8 2
1 1
x y y x y x
y
x x y
y
+ + =
=
+ +
Ta c坦: ( ) ( ) ( )1 1 3 2y x y x x y + =
( )2
3 2xy y y x x y + =
( )( ) ( )1 3 2. *x y y x y + =
畉t ( ) ( ) ( )* 1 3 2t x y k y x y + + =
1
1
3
2
2
t
t
k t
k
k
=
=
=
= =
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )* 1 2 1x y y x y y + = +
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )2 1 1 0 **x y y x y y + + + =
6. +) TH1: ( )1 ** 1.y x= =
Khi 坦: ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
24. 1
2 3 8 1 1 14. 1 8
1 1 1
+ =
+ +
3.3 4 7 + = (v担 l箪)
+) TH2: Chia c畉 hai v畉 c畛a ph動董ng tr狸nh ( )** cho 1y + ta 動畛c:
( )
( )
( )
2 1
1 1
** 2 0 1 .
1 1 2
2
1
x y
TM
yx y x y x
x y y y
y y x y
KTM
y
=
+ 金 + = = + = + + =
+
Khi 坦 ta c坦:
( ) 2
1
4.
122 3 8 14. 8
21
1 1
2
x
x
x x
x
=
+
+ +
( ) 22 1
3 8 7 1
1
1
2
x
x x x
x
=
+
+
( ) 22 1
3 8 7 1 0.
1
1
2
x
x x x
x
+ + =
+
+
畉t ( )
( ) 22 1
3 8 7 1.
1
1
2
x
f x x x x
x
= + +
+
+
Ta c坦: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )1 6, 8 11 2 1 . 8 66 36 2 0.f f f f = = + = +
( )3 c坦 鱈t nh畉t m畛t nghi畛m trong o畉n 1;8 .
L畉i c坦 ( )7 0 7f x= = l nghi畛m c畛a ( )
7 1
3 3.
2
y
= =
V畉y h畛 ph動董ng tr狸nh c坦 nghi畛m ( ) ( ); 7;3 .x y =
C但u 3:
Ph動董ng ph叩p:
a) Ch畛ng minh ~ .BEC BAE
7. b) Ch畛ng minnh tam gi叩c BNE v PNE l c叩c tam gi叩c c但n v BP l 動畛ng ph但n gi叩c c畛a hai
tam gi叩c c但n 坦.
c) Ch畛ng minh 1 21 1 2 2; .O O HHO GO HO FO C GF= = = T狸m m畛i li棚n h畛 c畛a GF v MH. T畛
坦 t狸m gi叩 tr畛 l畛n nh畉t c畛a GF.
C叩ch gi畉i:
a) Ta c坦 90BME BKE= = (g坦c n畛i ti畉p ch畉n n畛a 動畛ng tr嘆n)
Hai i畛m M v K c湛ng nh狸n BE d動畛i 1 g坦c 90 T畛 gi叩c BMKE l t畛 gi叩c n畛i ti畉p.
BEC BKH = (Hai g坦c n畛i ti畉p c湛ng ch畉n cung BM)
M BKH BAE= (c湛ng ph畛 v畛i ABK ) .BEC BAE =
X辿t tam gi叩c BEC v tam gi叩c BAE c坦: ABE chung, ( ).BEC BAE cmt=
( ) ( )2
~ . 1 .
BE BC
BEC BAE g g BE BA BC
BA BE
= =
b) ta c坦 90ANB ANB= 逸 vu担ng t畉i N ( )2
. 2 .BC BA BN =
T畛 ( )1 v ( )2 BNE c但n t畉i B ( )3BNE BEN = v B thu畛c trung tr畛c c畛a NE.
Ta c坦 BNP BAK= (hai g坦c n畛i ti畉p ch畉n cung BK)
M ( ) ( )~ 4BAK BAE BEC BEC BAE BNP BEP= = =
T畛 ( )3 v ( )4 PNE PEN PNE = c但n t畉i P P thu畛c trung tr畛c c畛a NE.
BP l trung tr畛c c畛a NE.
8. Do tam gi叩c BNE c但n t畉i B v tam gi叩c PNE c但n t畉i P n棚n trung tr畛c BP 畛ng th畛i l 動畛ng
ph但n gi叩c.
Do 坦 t但m 動畛ng tr嘆n n畛i ti畉p c叩c tam gi叩c BNE v PNE c湛ng n畉m tr棚n BP.
c) G畛i ,G F l畉n l動畛t l giao i畛m c畛a 1 2O O v畛i MC v MB.
Ta c坦 1 2 45O HM O HB= = v 1 2
1 1
.
2 2
O MH HMC MHB O BH= = =
( ) 1
1 2
2
~ .
O H MH
O HM O HB g g
O H BH
=
Ta c坦: ( ) 1 1 2
2
~ .
O H O H O HMH MC CM
MHC BHM g g
BH BM O H BM CM BM
= = =
V狸 1 2,O H O H l ph但n gi叩c c畛a hai g坦c k畛 b湛 1 2 1 2 90 .O H O H O HO BMC = =
X辿t tam gi叩c 1 2O HO v CMB c坦
( ) ( )1 2
1 2 1 290 ; ~ . .
O H O H
O HO BMC cmt O HO CMB c g c
CM BM
= = =
1 2O O H CBM = (hai g坦c t動董ng 畛ng). M
1 2 2 2180 180O O H HO F CBM HO F+ = + = T畛 gi叩c 2HO FB l t畛 gi叩c n畛i ti畉p (T畛
gi叩c c坦 t畛ng hai g坦c 畛i b畉ng 180 . )
2 45MFG O HB = = (c湛ng b湛 v畛i 2 ).O FB
MEG vu担ng c但n t畉i M.
X辿t tam gi叩c 2MO H v 2MO F c坦:
( ) ( )2 2 2 2 2; 45 .HMO FMO gt MHO MFG cmt MO H MO F= = = =
2MO chung
( )2 2 2 2. . ; .MO H MO F g c g MH MF HO FO = = =
CMTT ta c坦: MH MG= v 1 1.HO GO=
Chu vi tam gi叩c 1 2O O H l:
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2C HO HO O O GO FO O O GF= + + = + + = 畛 chu vi tam gi叩c 1 2O HO l畛n nh畉t
maxGF
X辿t tam gi叩c vu担ng c但n MEF c坦 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2.GF MG MF MG MH EF MH= + = = =
max maxGF MH M l i畛m ch鱈nh gi畛a cung BC.
C但u 4.
9. Ph動董ng ph叩p:
a) Ph但n t鱈ch h畉ng 畉ng th畛c thnh 2 2
4
5
16 25 .
5
4
A
B
A B
A
B
= 縁
= 縁+ = +
= 縁
= 縁
b) ( ) ( )3 3
2019 2019n n n n+ = + +
Ch畛ng minh 3
n n chia h畉t cho 6
T狸m n 畛 2019n+ chia h畉t cho 6.
C叩ch gi畉i:
a) 2 2
2 5 41 2x y xy+ = +
2 2 2 2
2 4 4 41x xy y x xy y + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 16 25 4 5x y x y + + = + = +
4
2 5
4
2 5
4
2 5
4
2 5
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
+ =
=
+ =
=
+ =
=
+ =
=
ho畉c
5
2 4
5
2 4
5
2 4
5
2 4
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
+ =
=
+ =
=
+ =
=
+ =
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
13
3
4 1
2 5 3
4 13
32 5
14
3
2 5
1
4
3
2 5
1
3
x
KTMx y
y
x y
x y
x
x y KTM
x y y
x y
x
TMx y
y
x y
x
TM
y
=
+ = = = + = = = + = = = =+ = = =
=
=
ho畉c
( )
( )
( )
( )
14
3
5 1
2 4 3
5 14
32 4
.15
3
2 4
2
5
3
2 4
2
3
x
KTMx y
y
x y
x y
x
x y KTM
x y y
x y
x
TMx y
y
x y
x
TM
y
=
+ = = = + = = = + = = = =+ = = =
=
=
10. V畉y c叩c c畉p ( );x y nguy棚n th畛a m達n 2 2
2 5 41 2x y xy+ = + l
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; 1;3 ; 1; 3 ; 2;3 ; 2; 3 .x y
C但u 5.
C叩ch gi畉i:
a) Ta c坦 ( )( )
1 3 3
3 3
2 4
Cauchy
a b b a
a b b a a b
+ + +
+ + = +
T畛 gi畉 thi畉t ta c坦: ( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 4 1 .a b a b ab ab a b ab a b+ = + + = = =
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 21
3 4 3 3 3 1
2
a b a b ab a b b a a b a b a b a b+ + + + + + + + +
2 2 2 2
3 6 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 0a ab b a b a b a b ab + + + + + +
2 2
4 4 1 8 4 4 0a b ab a b + + +
( )
2
1 2 2 0a b (lu担n 炭ng)
V畉y 畉ng th畛c 動畛c ch畛ng minh.
b) X辿t tam gi叩c ABC v畛i A, B, C l ba i畛m trong
100 i畛m 達 cho.
L畉y D l i畛m th畛 t動 ho畉c ,D AB ho畉c
D AC , ho畉c .D BC
Kh担ng m畉t t鱈nh t畛ng qu叩t ta gi畉 s畛
L畉y i畛m E l i畛m th畛 nm.
N畉u E AB th狸 trong 4 i畛m A, D, C, E kh担ng c坦 3 i畛m no th畉ng hng.
N畉u E AD th狸 trong 4 i畛m A, B, C, E kh担ng c坦 3 i畛m no th畉ng hng.
N畉u E AC th狸 trong 4 i畛m A, D, B, E kh担ng c坦 3 i畛m no th畉ng hng.
Do 坦 .E BC
T動董ng t畛 ta ch畛ng minh 動畛c 95 i畛m c嘆n l畉i thu畛c BC . Cho n棚n y畉u t畛 b畛 i i畛m A th狸
99 i畛m c嘆n l畉i 畛u thu畛c BC.