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DearEnemy2

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Miguel Diaz

Male Northern Cardinals were tested to see if they had a decreased reaction to familiar songs versus unfamiliar songs. Songs were recorded from males in different territories and played back to subjects, with the latency period, flyovers, and proximity to the speaker recorded. Statistical analysis found only a slight significant difference between reactions to familiar versus unfamiliar songs, suggesting male cardinals exhibit the "dear enemy effect" of being more tolerant of songs from familiar neighboring males.

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THE DEAR ENEMY EFFECT IN CARDINALIS CARDINALIS MIGUEL DIAZ
TERRITORIALITY Energy expensive Injury risk Increase consciousness Spotted by predators Decrease foraging time Decrease mate guarding time Decrease life span http://pretired.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/09/angry-bird-icon.png
THE DEAR ENEMY EFFECT Tolerating conspecific neighbor Increase fitness of both males Common across many taxa Perhaps evolutionary lead to cooperation Alliance; strange males and predators Nasty Neighbor Neighbor can be equally threating
SONG BIRDS Songs are complex with varying thrills and whistles Can vary in bouts, intensity, and rate Learn song from other males in their environment Distinct dialects Develop a repertoire
CARDINALIS CARDINALIS Non-migratory bird Flock together in the winter Monogamous Brood 3-4 times/year Dimorphism Females sings Song repertoire http://www.angrybirdsworld.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2011/02/AngryBirdsLove2.bmp
CARDINALIS CARDINALIS Question: Do male Northern Cardinals had a decreased reaction to familiar songs than unfamiliar ones?
METHODS: RECORDING SONGS A B 11km BCV UF BRP
METHODS: PLAYBACK Treatment 1: Familiar songs for three minutes Treatment 2: Unfamiliar songs for three minutes Observed latency period, flyovers, and proximity Statistical analysis t-test and 雖2 h=2 m x,y,z 1 m 5 m 10 m 15 m Familiar Unfamiliar
BRP-ABRP-BBCV-ABCV-B UF-AUF-B
RESULTS Familiar: mean = 58.28 s +/- 44.95 sd Unfamiliar: mean = 50.56 +/- 31.50 sd p = 0.55; n= 34
RESULTS Familiar: Mean = 0.53 +/- 1.46 sd Unfamiliar: Mean = 0.39 +/- 1.82 sd p = 0.80; n = 34
RESULTS Critical value = 16.66; 0.01>p>0.005
DISCUSSION Overall, a slight significate difference was found between familiar and unfamiliar calls Time of breeding season Courtship, nest building, egg laying, rearing Extra pair copulation Parasitized by cowbird http://img3.findthebest.com/sites/default/files/2761/ media/images/Northern_Cardinal_590530_i0.jpg

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DearEnemy2

  • 1. THE DEAR ENEMY EFFECT IN CARDINALIS CARDINALIS MIGUEL DIAZ
  • 2. TERRITORIALITY Energy expensive Injury risk Increase consciousness Spotted by predators Decrease foraging time Decrease mate guarding time Decrease life span http://pretired.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/09/angry-bird-icon.png
  • 3. THE DEAR ENEMY EFFECT Tolerating conspecific neighbor Increase fitness of both males Common across many taxa Perhaps evolutionary lead to cooperation Alliance; strange males and predators Nasty Neighbor Neighbor can be equally threating
  • 4. SONG BIRDS Songs are complex with varying thrills and whistles Can vary in bouts, intensity, and rate Learn song from other males in their environment Distinct dialects Develop a repertoire
  • 5. CARDINALIS CARDINALIS Non-migratory bird Flock together in the winter Monogamous Brood 3-4 times/year Dimorphism Females sings Song repertoire http://www.angrybirdsworld.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2011/02/AngryBirdsLove2.bmp
  • 6. CARDINALIS CARDINALIS Question: Do male Northern Cardinals had a decreased reaction to familiar songs than unfamiliar ones?
  • 7. METHODS: RECORDING SONGS A B 11km BCV UF BRP
  • 8. METHODS: PLAYBACK Treatment 1: Familiar songs for three minutes Treatment 2: Unfamiliar songs for three minutes Observed latency period, flyovers, and proximity Statistical analysis t-test and 雖2 h=2 m x,y,z 1 m 5 m 10 m 15 m Familiar Unfamiliar
  • 10. RESULTS Familiar: mean = 58.28 s +/- 44.95 sd Unfamiliar: mean = 50.56 +/- 31.50 sd p = 0.55; n= 34
  • 11. RESULTS Familiar: Mean = 0.53 +/- 1.46 sd Unfamiliar: Mean = 0.39 +/- 1.82 sd p = 0.80; n = 34
  • 12. RESULTS Critical value = 16.66; 0.01>p>0.005
  • 13. DISCUSSION Overall, a slight significate difference was found between familiar and unfamiliar calls Time of breeding season Courtship, nest building, egg laying, rearing Extra pair copulation Parasitized by cowbird http://img3.findthebest.com/sites/default/files/2761/ media/images/Northern_Cardinal_590530_i0.jpg