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ANALISIS DEGRADASI DAN REMEDIASI LAHAN
-- DEGRADASI LAHAN SULFAT MASAM--
ROSSIE WIEDYA NUSANTARA
PS-ITN
UNTAN
 Menurut FAO  Degradasi tanah adalah hasil satu atau lebih
proses terjadinya penurunan kemampuan tanah secara
aktual maupun potensial untuk memproduksi barang dan
jasa.
 Degradasi lahan dapat disebabkan oleh penggunaan atau
pengelolaan lahan yang kurang tepat.
DEFINISI TANAH SULFAT MASAM
 Fanning et al. (2017)  tanah sulfat masam didefinisikan sebagai
tanah yang mengandung mineral sulfida (terutama pirit) atau
mineral lainnya hasil oksida mineral sulfida
 Subagyo (2006)  tanah sulfat masam sebagai tanah atau sedimen
yang mengandung sejumlah besi sulfida yang jika teroksidasi
menghasilkan lebih banyak asam sulfat daripada yang dapat
dinetralkan oleh daya sangga tanah. Ketika bahan sulfidik tersebut
teroksidasi maka pH tanah dapat menjadi sangat masam (pH <3,5)
 Sukitprapanon, et al., (2016) mengatakan bahwa tanah sulfat
masam adalah tanah hasil endapan marin dengan ciri sebagai
berikut:
1. mengandung bahan sulfidik;
2. memiliki horison sulfurik; dan
3. terdapat bercak jarosit dengan kandungan bahan penetral berupa
karbonat atau basa tukar lainnya
 Tanah sulfat masam adalah tanah liat rawa yang terbentuk dari
bahan endapan marin yang kaya akan bahan organik, besi, dan
belerang yang berada dalam kondisi tergenang sehingga
terbentuk lapisan tanah yang mengandung pirit > 2 %.
 Pada kondisi alami, tanah ini umumnya memiliki:
(a) lapisan bahan organik tipis (< 20 cm) di permukaannya dan
(b) lapisan pirit yang belum teroksidasi (bahan sulfidik) atau sudah
teroksidasi (bahan sulfurik) pada kedalaman sekitar 50 cm.
 Tanah sulfat masam banyak berkembang di daerah dataran
rendah sekitar pantai pasang surut yang mampu terluapi atau
mendapat pengaruh dari pasang surut air laut.
 Degradasi lahan sulfat masam dapat berupa:
1) perubahan fisik tanah yang menyebabkan terjadinya
retakan,
2) pemasaman tanah dan air sebagai akibat dari
oksidasi pirit, dan
3) penurunan status hara akibat pencucian
 Reklamasi lahan pasang surut bertanah sulfat masam untuk
pertanian umumnya dimulai dengan pembuatan saluran drainase
 Drainase berlebih dapat mempercepat proses oksidasi 
drainase yang berlebih (over drain), sehingga sangat potensial
untuk teroksidasinya pirit yang menyebabkan tanah menjadi
masam  cikal bakal degradasi tanah sulfat masam
 Retakan (cracking) terjadi karena kekeringan melalui retakan-
retakan tersebut oksigen masuk ke dalam lapisan tanah yang
selanjutnya mengoksidasi pirit sehingga terjadi pemasaman tanah
(Gambar 57).
 Pemasaman yang terjadi dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu: a)
pemasaman in-situ, dan b) pemasaman akibat aliran air (seepage).
DEGRADASI Lahan sulfat masam_2.pptx
DEGRADASI Lahan sulfat masam_2.pptx
DEGRADASI Lahan sulfat masam_2.pptx

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DEGRADASI Lahan sulfat masam_2.pptx

  • 1. ANALISIS DEGRADASI DAN REMEDIASI LAHAN -- DEGRADASI LAHAN SULFAT MASAM-- ROSSIE WIEDYA NUSANTARA PS-ITN UNTAN
  • 2. Menurut FAO Degradasi tanah adalah hasil satu atau lebih proses terjadinya penurunan kemampuan tanah secara aktual maupun potensial untuk memproduksi barang dan jasa. Degradasi lahan dapat disebabkan oleh penggunaan atau pengelolaan lahan yang kurang tepat.
  • 3. DEFINISI TANAH SULFAT MASAM Fanning et al. (2017) tanah sulfat masam didefinisikan sebagai tanah yang mengandung mineral sulfida (terutama pirit) atau mineral lainnya hasil oksida mineral sulfida Subagyo (2006) tanah sulfat masam sebagai tanah atau sedimen yang mengandung sejumlah besi sulfida yang jika teroksidasi menghasilkan lebih banyak asam sulfat daripada yang dapat dinetralkan oleh daya sangga tanah. Ketika bahan sulfidik tersebut teroksidasi maka pH tanah dapat menjadi sangat masam (pH <3,5)
  • 4. Sukitprapanon, et al., (2016) mengatakan bahwa tanah sulfat masam adalah tanah hasil endapan marin dengan ciri sebagai berikut: 1. mengandung bahan sulfidik; 2. memiliki horison sulfurik; dan 3. terdapat bercak jarosit dengan kandungan bahan penetral berupa karbonat atau basa tukar lainnya
  • 5. Tanah sulfat masam adalah tanah liat rawa yang terbentuk dari bahan endapan marin yang kaya akan bahan organik, besi, dan belerang yang berada dalam kondisi tergenang sehingga terbentuk lapisan tanah yang mengandung pirit > 2 %. Pada kondisi alami, tanah ini umumnya memiliki: (a) lapisan bahan organik tipis (< 20 cm) di permukaannya dan (b) lapisan pirit yang belum teroksidasi (bahan sulfidik) atau sudah teroksidasi (bahan sulfurik) pada kedalaman sekitar 50 cm.
  • 6. Tanah sulfat masam banyak berkembang di daerah dataran rendah sekitar pantai pasang surut yang mampu terluapi atau mendapat pengaruh dari pasang surut air laut.
  • 7. Degradasi lahan sulfat masam dapat berupa: 1) perubahan fisik tanah yang menyebabkan terjadinya retakan, 2) pemasaman tanah dan air sebagai akibat dari oksidasi pirit, dan 3) penurunan status hara akibat pencucian
  • 8. Reklamasi lahan pasang surut bertanah sulfat masam untuk pertanian umumnya dimulai dengan pembuatan saluran drainase Drainase berlebih dapat mempercepat proses oksidasi drainase yang berlebih (over drain), sehingga sangat potensial untuk teroksidasinya pirit yang menyebabkan tanah menjadi masam cikal bakal degradasi tanah sulfat masam
  • 9. Retakan (cracking) terjadi karena kekeringan melalui retakan- retakan tersebut oksigen masuk ke dalam lapisan tanah yang selanjutnya mengoksidasi pirit sehingga terjadi pemasaman tanah (Gambar 57). Pemasaman yang terjadi dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu: a) pemasaman in-situ, dan b) pemasaman akibat aliran air (seepage).