Direct current (DC) is an unidirectional electric current that flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). DC is produced by sources like batteries and solar cells. It can flow through conductors like wires as well as semiconductors and vacuums. While early electric power transmission used DC, AC distribution is now dominant due to advantages in transforming and transmitting power over long distances. However, DC is still used for applications requiring direct current flow, like battery charging and most electronic systems.
4. Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of
electric charge. Direct current is produced by
sources such as batteries, thermocuples, solar
cells, and commutator-type electric machines of
the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a
conductor such as a wire, but can also flow
through semiconductors, or even through a
vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric
current flows in a constant direction,
distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A
term formerly used for direct current was
galvanic current.
The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to
mean simply alternating and direct, as when they
modify current or voltage.
8. Direct current may be obtained from an
alternating current supply by use of a current-
switching arrangement called a rectifier, which
contains electronic elements (usually) or
electromechanical elements (historically) that
allow current to flow only in one direction.
Direct current may be made into alternating
current with an inverter or a motor-generator
set.
9. The first commercial electric power
transmission (developed by thomas edison in
the late nineteenth century) used direct
current. Because of the significant advantages
of alternating current over direct current in
transforming and transmission, electric power
distribution is nearly all alternating current
today. In the mid-1950s, hvdc transmission was
developed, and is now an option instead of
long-distance high voltage alternating current
systems. For applications requiring direct
current, such as third rail power systems,
alternating current is distributed to a
substation, which utilizes a rectifier to
convert the power to direct current.
10. Direct current is used to charge batteries, and
in nearly all electronic systems, as the power
supply. Very large quantities of direct-current
power are used in production of aluminum and
other electrochemical processes. Direct current
is used for some railway propulsion, especially
in urban areas. Hign-voltage direct current is
used to transmit large amounts of power from
remote generation sites or to interconnect
alternating current power grids.