Dental disease burden and treatment needs among adolescents
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Adolescents face common oral health issues like dental caries and periodontal diseases. Risk factors for dental caries in adolescents include location of teeth, frequent snacking on sugary foods and drinks, inadequate brushing, dry mouth, and lack of fluoride. Periodontal diseases become more common in adolescents aged 12-17 and risk factors include age, smoking, genetics, stress, and certain medications. Preventive measures include regular brushing, flossing, fluoride treatment, and dental checkups. Treatment options depend on the disease but may include fillings, root canals, crowns, extractions, scaling, and surgery. It is important for adolescents to practice good oral hygiene and receive periodic dental exams and treatment.
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Dental disease burden and treatment needs among adolescents
- 2. Outline At the end of this presentation well; Identify common dental health diseases facing adolescents Risk factors to the development of this diseases Preventive measures to control and keep adolescent oral health issues in check Available treatment options (treatment needs) for identified diseases adolescents face
- 3. ORAL HEALTH DISEASES BURDENING ADOLESCENTS DENTAL CARIES PERIODONTAL DISEASES
- 4. Dental Caries Dental caries is a breakdown of teeth due to activities of bacteria. Dental caries is still a major health problem in most industrialized countries as it affects 60-90% of school- aged children and the vast majority of adolescents and adults. In most developing countries, the levels of dental caries were low until recent years but prevalence rates of dental caries and dental caries experience are now tending to increase.
- 5. Risk factors to development of dental caries in Adolescents Tooth location Certain foods and drinks Frequent snacking or sipping Bedtime feeding Inadequate brushing Age Dry mouth Not getting enough floride Eating disorders Heart burn
- 6. Dental Caries: Prevention Regular cleaning of the teeth; Brushing the teeth twice per day and flossing between the teeth once a day is recommended by many Consumption of diet low in sugar Limit frequency of consumption of sugar-rich meals Adequate amounts of fluoride; Fluoride may be from water, salt or toothpaste among other sources Regular screening to early detect anomalies Keep risk factors in check
- 8. Treatment Options Treatment depends on cause and extent of damage Treatment includes; Fluoride treatment: to restore the enamel Dental fillings: when fluoride is not recommended, and to fill the hole caused by a cavity Crowns: Similar to fillings, but a custom- fit made to cover a damaged tooth Root canal: In a root canal, the damaged inner core of the tooth is removed and replaced with a filling Tooth removal: A tooth that is damaged beyond repair will need to be removed. The gap that is left by a pulled tooth is often filled with an implant or bridge.
- 9. Periodontal diseases Epidemiologic studies indicate that gingivitis of varying severity is nearly universal in children and adolescents. Surveys indicated that loss of periodontal attachment and supporting bone is relatively uncommon in the young but that the incidence increases in adolescents aged 12 to 17 when compared to children aged five to 11. Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures around the teeth, which include the gums, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. In the earliest stage of periodontal disease gingivitis the infection affects the gums. In more severe forms of the disease, all of the tissues are involved.
- 10. Graphical image showing Periodontal Disease at different stages
- 11. Risk Factors Age Smoking/Tobacco Use Genetics Stress Medications Clenching or grinding of the teeth Other Systemic Diseases Poor nutrition and obesity Prevention Good oral hygiene by regular brushing, flossing and mouthwash Avoid risk factors and keep them in check Regular oral health care and check
- 12. Treatment Options available for periodontal diseases Periodontal diseases include; gingivitis, necrotizing periodontal disease, periodontitis. Available treatment options includes; Scaling and root planning: this is a careful cleaning of the root surfaces to remove plaque and calculus from deep periodontal pockets and to smooth the tooth root to remove bacterial toxins Tray delivery systems: A tray delivery system consists of a custom-fit tray made from impressions of the patients mouth. Patients use the tray at home to deliver medications that have been prescribed by their dentist. Gum graft Surgery: Exposed tooth roots are the result of gum recession. Gum graft surgery will repair the defect and help to prevent additional recession and bone loss. Lasers can be used to treat periodontal disease Scaling and root planning: this is a careful cleaning of the root surfaces to remove plaque and calculus from deep periodontal pockets and to smooth the tooth root to remove bacterial toxins Other options include; Periodontal pocket reduction procedures Dental implants Regenerative procedures, etc.
- 13. Conclusion & Recommendations Dental diseases like periodontal diseases and dental caries burdens adolescents dental health and wellbeing, such factors as age, food, medications, oral health habits, genetics, etc, may increase an individuals risk. Thus, it is recommended that; Adolescents embrace healthy oral health practices and maintain good oral hygiene Ensure regular and periodic oral health check to detect early underlying oral health issues; and receive treatment based on their treatment needs as identified by a dental health physician
- 14. THE END