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Derivational and
Inflectional Morphemes

GROUP 3 of B-Class
Dewi Maharani (130511100061)
Ismi Intan P (130511100062)
Cucuk Abdullah P (130511100074)
Kamiliatus Syarifah (130511100060)
Abdul Jawat (130511100069)
Siti Irawati (130511100070)
Abdur Rokib (130511100080)

Derivational Morpheme
Create new words by changing the
meaning or by changing the word class
of the word (make words or new
words of a different grammatical
category from the stem)
In derivation a new word is formed by
adding an affix to the root or stem

Derivation of Nouns
 Verb  Noun
speak  speaker
swim  swimming
read  reader/ reading
 Adjective  Noun
kind  kindness
good  goodness
black  blackness
 Noun  Noun
mother  motherhood

Derivation of Nouns
 We can also add suffixes such as –hood (status), -ship (state or
condition), -ness (quality, state or condition) , -ity (state or
condition), -ment (result or product of doing the action), -al (act of
somethig), -er (agentive), in the words like brotherhood,
friendship, wildness, sincerity, government, refusal, walker

Derivation of Adjective
 Noun  Adjective
care  careful
 Verb  adjective
read readable
love loveable
 Adjective to adjective
common uncommon
possible  impossible

Derivation of Verbs
 Noun  Verb
analysis analyze
slave enslave
 Adjective verb
rich  enrich
legal  legalize
 Verb verb
continue discontinue
pack  unpack

Inflectional morphemes
 Does not produce new words in the language
 Used to indicate aspects of grammatical function of
word
 Does not change category and does not create new
lexemes, but rather changes the form of lexemes so
that they fit into different grammatical contexts

8 Types of Inflectional Morphemes
 Number
 Person
 Gender NOUN INFLECTION
 Case
 Tense
 Aspect
 Voice VERB INFLECT
 Mood and modality

NUMBER
 A category of nouns; marks singular or plural
E.g. singular : cat, ox, child
plural : cats, oxen, children
PERSON
 A category of nouns; often marked on verbs in
agreement
 Singular 1st person k-hnia’sà:ke 'my throat’
2nd person s- hnia’sà:ke ‘your throat’
3rd person ie- hnia’sà:ke ‘her throat’
ra- hnia’sà:ke ‘his throat’
 Plural 1st person iakwa- hnia’sà:ke
‘our throats’
2nd person sewa- hnia’sà:ke ‘your pl.
throats’
3rd person konti- hnia’sà:ke ‘their
throats’

GENDER
- in some languages like French and Germanic there are masculine and
feminine nouns, and also additional neuter in Germanic
- the classification of inflectional morphemes in gender itself is
arbitrariness
- there are no suffixes or other clear marks on the nouns to tell us their
genders, so that it later deals with some agreement with a noun
CASE
 another grammatical category that may affect nouns or whole noun phrase
 in languages that employ inflectional category of case, nouns are
distinguished based on the function in sentences whether as subject,
possessor, direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, etc.
 Latin:
Singular stella ‘star’ (F) puer ‘boy’ (M)
Nominative stella puer
Genitive stellae puerī
Dative stellae puerō
Accusative stellam puerum
Ablative stellā puerō
TENSE
 A category of verbs; marking time (Present, Past, Future)

ASPECT – related to verbs, marking point of
speaking
Perfective ǫkáhtaʔt ‘I got full’
Imperfective akáhtaʔs ‘I get full, I’m getting full’
VOICE - a category of inflection that allows different
noun phrases to be focused in sentences.
- The cat chased the mouse.
- The mouse was chased (by the cat).
MOOD & MODALITY – a category of verb, marking
speech act type and possibility.
e.g. Imperative ‘andjo-u ‘Wake up!’

ENGLISH LANGUAGE’S VERB
INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
1. The suffix –s functions in the Present Simple as the third
person marking of the verb : to work – he work-s
2. The suffix –ed functions in the past simple as the past
tense marker in regular verbs: to love – lov-ed
3. The suffixes –ed (regular verbs) and –en (for some regular
verbs) function in the marking of the past partciple and, in
general, in the marking of the perfect aspect:
To study studied studied / To eat ate eaten
4. The suffix –ing functions in the marking of the present
participle, the gerund and in the marking of the continuous
aspect: To eat – eating / To study - studying

ENGLISH LANGUAGE’S NOUN
5. The suffix –s functions in the marking of the plural
of nouns
 dog – dogs
6. The suffix –s functions as a possessive marker
 Laura – Laura’s book.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE’S ADJECTIVE
7. The suffix –er functions as comparative marker:
 quick – quicker
8. The suffix –est functions as superlative marker:
 quick - quickest

Conclusion
Inflectional
Never changes category
Do not change part of Speech
Adds grammatical meaning
Is important to syntax
Is usually fully productive

Derivational
Sometimes changes category
Can change part of speech
Often adds lexical meaning
Produces new lexemes
Can range from unproductive to fully
Productive

REFERENCES
Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. New York:
Cambridge University Press.2009
Yule, George. The Study of Language (fourth edition).
New York: Cambridge University Press.2010
Umich.edu. Inflection.pdf (online).
www.google.co.ig/url?q=http://www.umich.edu/~jlawle
r/Inflection.pdf&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwj3jNux-
dnJAhVI9WMKHSExAGIQFggLMAA&usg=AFQjCNE6J
rcMFeyTFTJ6ynWhHKSPx2OsOA , accessed on
December 1st, 2015

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Derivational and inflectional morphemes

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Derivational and inflectional morphemes