The document discusses developing product strategy. It outlines that a successful strategy helps achieve coordination, defines resource allocation, and leads to a superior market position. A good product strategy includes: the objectives, strategic alternatives, customer and competitor targets, core strategy, and supporting marketing mix and programs. Strategic alternatives center around long-term profits, growth, new segments, efficiency, and existing customers. Brand equity provides value to customers and the firm through enhanced interpretation, confidence, satisfaction, loyalty, and competitive advantage. Strong brands have a clear identity, value proposition, position, consistency, and system that is tracked and invested in over time.
2. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 息 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
8
Developing Product Strategy
3. 8-3
A Successful Strategy:
Helps achieve coordination among
functional areas of the organization.
Defines how resources are to be
allocated.
Leads to a superior market position.
4. 8-4
Elements of a Product Strategy
1. Statement of the objective(s) the product
should attain
2. Selection of strategic alternative(s)
3. Selection of customer targets
4. Choice of competitor targets
5. Statement of the core strategy
6. Description of supporting marketing mix.
7. Description of supporting functional
programs
5. 8-5
Hierarchy of Objectives
Company Mission/Vision
Corporate objectives
Corporate strategies
Divisional objectives
Divisional strategies
Product/brand objectives
Brand strategies
Program objectives
Tactics
Level I
Level 0
Level III
Level II
Level IV
6. 8-6
Strategic Alternatives
Long-term
profits
Growth in
sales or
market share
New
segments
Market
development
Convert
nonusers
New product
development
Competitors
customers
Efficiency,
short-run
profits
Reduce
costs
Decrease
inputs
Improve
asset
utilization
Increase
price
Increase
outputs
Improve
sales mix
Existing
customers
Market
penetration
7. 8-7
Criteria for Evaluating Strategic
Alternative Options
Size/growth of the segment
Opportunities for obtaining competitive
advantage
Resources available to penetrate the
segment
8. 8-8
Five Areas for Differentiation
1. Quality
2. Status and Image
3. Branding
4. Convenience and Service
5. Distribution
9. 8-9
Brand Equity
Reduced marketing
costs
Attracting new
customers
Create awareness
Reassurance
Time to respond to
competitive threats
associations can be
attached
Familiarity-liking
commitment
Brand to be
considered
Provides value to
customer by
enhancing
customers:
Interpretation/
processing of
information
Confidence in the
purchase decision
Use satisfaction
Brand
loyalty
Brand
loyalty
Brand
loyalty
Brand
awareness
Brand
loyalty
Brand
equity
10. 8-10
Brand Equity cont.
Reason-to-buy
Differentiate/
position
Price
Channel member
interest
Extensions
Help process/
retrieve
information
Reason-to-buy
Create positive
attitude/feelings
Extensions
Provides value to
firm by
enhancing:
Efficiency and
effectiveness of
marketing programs
Brand loyalty
Prices/margins
Brand extensions
Trade leverage
Competitive
advantage
Brand
loyalty
Perceived
quality
Brand
loyalty
Brand
associations
Brand
loyalty
Brand
equity
Competitive
advantage
Brand
loyalty
Other
11. 8-11
Some Brand Attribute
and Image Dimensions
Attributes
Flavor/taste
Price
Packaging
Size
Calories
Brand name
Warranty
Durability
Convenience
Color
Style
Comfort
Freshness
Availability
Image Dimensions
Reliableunreliable
Oldyoung
Technicalnontechnical
Sensiblerash
Interestingboring
Creativenoncreative
Sentimentalnonsentimental
Trustuntrust
Daringcautious
Sociable-unsociable
12. 8-12
Ten Guidelines for Building Strong Brands
1. Brand Identity
Each brand should have an identity, a personality. It can be
modified for different segments.
2. Value Proposition
Each brand should have a unique value proposition.
3. Brand Position
The brands position should provide clear guidance to those
implementing a communications program.
4. Execution
The communications program needs to implement the
identity and position.
5. Consistency over Time
Product managers should have a goal of maintaining identity,
position, and execution over time. Changes should be
resisted.
13. 8-13
Ten Guidelines for Building Strong Brands (cont.)
6. Brand System
The brands in the should be consistent & synergistic.
7. Brand Leverage
Extend brands and develop co-branding opportunities only if
the brand identity will be both used and new
8. Tracking
The brands equity should be tracked over time, including
awareness, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand
associations.
9. Brand Responsibility
Someone should be in charge of the brand who will create
the identity and positions and coordinate the execution.
10. Invest
Continue investing in brands even when the financial goals
are not being met.