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10/15/2009 1
WELCOME ! All OF YOU.
“Why a Secular Republican
Constitution
for the Former Last Hindu Kingdom of
Nepal?"
By Khimlal Devkota
Symposium on Constitutional Designs for Diversity and Conflict
Jakarta, Indonesia
12-15 Oct.2009

10/15/2009 2
Chapter I
1. Background:
 12 years people's war led by Nepal
Communist Party [Maoist].
 popular movement of 2006 .
 The peaceful and successful election
of April 2008 has ensured one of the
most representative Constituent
Assembly.

10/15/2009 3
continued
 More than two century old Monarchy,
based on Hinduism, feudalism and
autocratic system of governance
abolished forever.
 A New federal democratic republican

10/15/2009 4
Continued
 a secular state with a clear recognition
of multi-religious, multiethnic and
multilingual character of the state and
a clear commitment to equally deal
with all religions and ethnic groups in
Nepal.
 in the process of socio-economic
transformation of the Nepalese
society in order to sustain the political
achievements.

10/15/2009 5
continued
 The drafting of a new constitution to
institutionalize those achievements.
 New constitution Making process.
 In fact, Nepal is one of the rich countries
having at least six constitutions within very
limited time of six decades.

10/15/2009 6
Fact of Nepal and its political Development
Nepal is located in the southern part of
the Himalayas, bordered with India in the
South, East and West and with the Tibet
Autonomous Region of the People’s
Republic of China on the North.
 Covering the area of 147181 square
kilometers, the terrain expands from very
low land -60 meters high- to the highest
peak of world – the Mount Everest.

10/15/2009 7
Continued
 Accordingly, the country is naturally diverse and
rich in terms of climate, flora and fauna. The
geographical diversity is adequately reflected in
the socio-cultural life of the people.
 Demographically, it has the population of more
than 23 million.
 Nepalese society is multi-ethnic and multi-lingual
society. There are more than hundred ethnic
groups most of them having their own mother
languages and unique customs.

10/15/2009 8
Continued
 More then 100 spoken languages
 59 ethnic groups.
 Nepali official language and all spoken
mothertongue known as Language of the
Nation
 As per population census 2001
 Hindu 18330121,
 Buddha 2442520,
 Islam 954023,

10/15/2009 9
Continued
 Kirat 188106,
 Jain 4108,
 Christian 101976,
 Sikh 5890,
 Bahai 1211,
 Others 78979

10/15/2009 10
Political Development
 Restoration of Multi-party Democracy
 Maoist Revolution
 Royal Family Massacare and Coup
 Peoples Movement Second
 Maoist In Open politics

10/15/2009 11
Chapter II
What is Religion and
Secularism?
 Marx’s opinion is that religion is an illusion
that provides reasons and excuses to keep
society functioning just as it is. Much as
capitalism takes our productive labor and
alienates us from its value, religion takes
our highest ideals and aspirations and
alienates us from them, projecting them
onto an alien and unknowable being called
a god.

10/15/2009 12
Continued
 The word secular means "of this
world" in Latin and is the opposite of
religious. As a doctrine, secularism is
usually used in reference any
philosophy which forms its ethics
without reference to religious dogmas
and which promotes the development
of human art and science.

10/15/2009 13
Impact of Hinduism in
Nepal
 King Personification of god Vishnu.
 Politics related with Hindu religion.
 Traditions, Official functioning style,
structure of the society according to
the Hindu Religion.
 Naming the place, persons goods
 Textbook teaching &learning process,
every event and practices Indication

10/15/2009 14
Continued..
 Multilingual Nation but Nepali
Language as Official Language.
 Sanskrit University state funded.
 Lot of property in the name of Guthi.
 Government Holidays and Religious
practices Hindu based.
 Hindu jurisprudence and legal system.
 Untouchability beliefs practices.

10/15/2009 15
Why Nepal became a
secular state?
 Royal Impunity.
 Massive Supression.
 One decade long Peoples war.
 19 days long peoples
movement.
 CA,Secularismm &Republican.
 Unconstitutional Move

10/15/2009 16
ChapterIII
Revolutionary Changes
 social transformation,
 Economic development
 Republican
 federalism
 secularism.

10/15/2009 17
Continued
 Religious Diversity&effort to Adderss
 Secular state in consolidation.
 Interim Constitution
 Muluki Ain
 Other Legislation
 Ensured Inclusion

10/15/2009 18
Constitution making
Experience and practice
 Hindukingdom was in History.
 Nepal-India Relation and its
connection.
 Secular state in consolidation.

10/15/2009 19
New arrangement
 Ultimately Nepal became
secular state.

10/15/2009 20
Conclusion
 Achievement on Inclusion
of diversities through new
arrangement.

10/15/2009 21
Continued
 Religious freedom and Secular
state.
 Religious freedom fighters
achievement.
 Result of scientific Idea,practicle
motion and real spirite of the
people.

10/15/2009 22
Continued
 Lets makes Religious belief more
practical, more scientific and easier to
adopt.Then welfare of the human
being can be achieved.
 Let us try to address all type of
problems with realistic approach and
address all grivances through your
positive and captive manner that can
be success.

10/15/2009 23
Thank you.
 KHIMLAL DEVKOTA
 ADVOCATE
 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MEMBER,
 NEPAL

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