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diabetes case study

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zeelmevada

This document discusses diabetes mellitus type 1 and presents a case study. It begins with an introduction to type 1 diabetes, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. It then presents a case study of a 7-year-old female patient who presented with symptoms of weight loss, excessive thirst and urination, nausea, and fatigue. Testing revealed her random blood sugar level was elevated, and she was diagnosed with mild ketosis secondary to newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The document outlines her treatment plan, which involved insulin injections and dietary modifications to manage her blood glucose levels.

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DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS CASE STUDY PRESENTED BY: ZEEL MEVADA GUIDED BY: Prof. JAYESH BELADIYA 1
 Introduction of DM type 1  Epidemiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestation  Diagnosis  Treatments  Case study 2
 The disease is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin caused by an autoimmune attack on the β cells of the pancreas.  About 10% of the ten million diabetics in USA has type 1 diabetes, only (2/3)is diagnosed.  Complication: stroke, heart attack, kidney disease, eye disease and nerve damage. 3
 Progressive destruction of pancreatic cells Auto antibodies cause a reduction of 80% to 90% of normal cell function before manifestations occur 4
5
Viral infection Alteration of self cells Auto immune response Destruction of beta cells Insulin deficiency Type1 diabetes mellitus 6
-Genetic predisposition -Exposure to virus 7
8
Weight loss Polydipsia (excessive thirst) Polyuria(frequent urination) Polyphagia(excessive hunger) Weakness and fatigue Ketoacidosis 9
Random blood sugar test :primary screening test for type 1 diabetes. A blood sample is taken at a random time. random blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), or higher suggests diabetes. 10
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test: This test indicates your child's average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. Specifically, the test measures the percentage of blood sugar. attached to the oxygen- carrying protein in red blood cells (hemoglobin). An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes 11
 Blood tests to check for antibodies that are common in type 1 diabetes  Urine tests to check for the presence of ketones, which also suggests type 1 diabetes rather than type 2 12
Exogenous insulin: – Required for all patient with type 1 DM. Types of insulin – Human insulin • Most widely used type of insulin • Cost-effective • Likelihood of allergic reaction 13
Patients name : DP Age: 7 year Sex: Female Weight: 22kg Presenting symptoms:  Cold& fever  Recument stomach  Nausea vomiting  Lost weight  Drinking large quantity of water& juices  Wetting bed 14
Random blood sugar level :14mMol/L(3.5- 10mMol/L)  Negative for ketone  Diagnosis of Mild ketosis was made presenting secondary to newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes 15
 Nausea vomiting  Lost weight  Drinking large quantity of water& juices  Wetting bed 16
Mechanism 17
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Resembles to type 1 DM, negative for ketones (lab data) Misdiagnosed because patients have mild ketosis 19
 To reduce blood glucose to normal level  To reduce any other risk factors which may be life threatening  Provide healthy diet 20
Can be advised with:  Eat regularly ,choose high fiber food which have low glycemic index.  Use less butter cheese eat fewer fatty meals  Choose yoghurt skimmed milk , steam or baked meals To monitor regimen:  Use alternate site for the injection  Check blood glucose level every month 21
 Inject insulin subcutaneously on alternate site 22
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diabetes case study

  • 1. DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS CASE STUDY PRESENTED BY: ZEEL MEVADA GUIDED BY: Prof. JAYESH BELADIYA 1
  • 2.  Introduction of DM type 1  Epidemiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestation  Diagnosis  Treatments  Case study 2
  • 3.  The disease is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin caused by an autoimmune attack on the β cells of the pancreas.  About 10% of the ten million diabetics in USA has type 1 diabetes, only (2/3)is diagnosed.  Complication: stroke, heart attack, kidney disease, eye disease and nerve damage. 3
  • 4.  Progressive destruction of pancreatic cells Auto antibodies cause a reduction of 80% to 90% of normal cell function before manifestations occur 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6. Viral infection Alteration of self cells Auto immune response Destruction of beta cells Insulin deficiency Type1 diabetes mellitus 6
  • 8. 8
  • 9. Weight loss Polydipsia (excessive thirst) Polyuria(frequent urination) Polyphagia(excessive hunger) Weakness and fatigue Ketoacidosis 9
  • 10. Random blood sugar test :primary screening test for type 1 diabetes. A blood sample is taken at a random time. random blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), or higher suggests diabetes. 10
  • 11. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test: This test indicates your child's average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. Specifically, the test measures the percentage of blood sugar. attached to the oxygen- carrying protein in red blood cells (hemoglobin). An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes 11
  • 12.  Blood tests to check for antibodies that are common in type 1 diabetes  Urine tests to check for the presence of ketones, which also suggests type 1 diabetes rather than type 2 12
  • 13. Exogenous insulin: – Required for all patient with type 1 DM. Types of insulin – Human insulin • Most widely used type of insulin • Cost-effective • Likelihood of allergic reaction 13
  • 14. Patients name : DP Age: 7 year Sex: Female Weight: 22kg Presenting symptoms:  Cold& fever  Recument stomach  Nausea vomiting  Lost weight  Drinking large quantity of water& juices  Wetting bed 14
  • 15. Random blood sugar level :14mMol/L(3.5- 10mMol/L)  Negative for ketone  Diagnosis of Mild ketosis was made presenting secondary to newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes 15
  • 16.  Nausea vomiting  Lost weight  Drinking large quantity of water& juices  Wetting bed 16
  • 18. 18
  • 19. Resembles to type 1 DM, negative for ketones (lab data) Misdiagnosed because patients have mild ketosis 19
  • 20.  To reduce blood glucose to normal level  To reduce any other risk factors which may be life threatening  Provide healthy diet 20
  • 21. Can be advised with:  Eat regularly ,choose high fiber food which have low glycemic index.  Use less butter cheese eat fewer fatty meals  Choose yoghurt skimmed milk , steam or baked meals To monitor regimen:  Use alternate site for the injection  Check blood glucose level every month 21
  • 22.  Inject insulin subcutaneously on alternate site 22
  • 23. 23