Digest August 2010
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1. A recent study showed that the Implicit Association Test was better than self-reports at predicting doping in athletes. Current dopers associated doping words with positive words faster than those who denied doping. 2. Two studies found that pilots' performance on the Risk Implicit Association Test was a stronger predictor of risky in-flight behavior than self-reports of risk attitudes or personality. 3. A student study found that when competition for resources increased, participants were more likely to allocate points in a biased way towards their own ethnic group.
Digest August 2010
- 1. August 2010 Volume 1 Issue 3 Implicitly Research Digest August 2010 Contact: Dr Pete Jones. Pete@shirepro.co.uk. Tel; 01709 850828 www.implicitly.co.uk 1. Doping in sport: A recent small study by Petroczi (2010) shows that the implicit association test was more revealing that self report measures around doping in sport and able to predict the use of performance enhancing drugs. Responding to pairings of positive with doping substance words was fastest among those who currently use doping but denied it, followed by those who are currently 1-2-1 coaching for using doping and admit it. Not surprisingly, responding to the same word pairings was slowest for self-awareness and those who claimed to have no experience with doping, followed by those who reported having used performance enhancing drugs. Interestingly, athletes with doping experience performed the task bias reduction? quite well, indicating a closer association of doping with positive connotations than observed in those Organisational audit? who have not used doping. Current users, as indicated by their hair analysis results, performed the good+doping pair the fastest with the results being close to the good+nutritional supplement pairing. Team bias mapping? (Petr坦czi A, Aidman EV, Hussain I, Deshmukh N, Nepusz T, et al. (2010) Virtue or Pretense? Looking Workshops? behind Self-Declared Innocence in Doping. PLoS ONE 5(5): e10457. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0010457). 2. Pilot training. Using IAT as a risk tolerance tool is an area we explored back in 2008. A 2009 study used a simulated flight on a computer-based flight simulator,. Thirty five pilots completed a battery of psychometric tests and a Risk IAT. Among the 6 risk perception variables, 10 risk atti- tude variables, and 2 experience variables, only 2 variables were found to be significantly related with in-flight risk-taking behaviour: everyday risk (risk perception) and the IAT effect (attitude). Of these, the IAT effect was the strongest predictor of flight behaviour. The results indicate that Implicitly Presentations- implicit attitudinal measures, such as the IAT, provide a more accurate forecast of pilot behaviour than do the more traditional explicit attitudinal or personality measures. An implicit attitudinal Diary Dates measure can also be proactively employed to identify pilots who are potentially more likely to engage in high-risk activities, hence permitting a more strategic approach to pilot training. This study is supported by a second study. An IAT was used to measure pilots' (Study 1: N= 23; Study 2: N= 32) implicit associations between good and bad weather conditions and perceptions of risk and anxiety. EWAOP Aston Business There was a relationship between the pilots' implicit perceptions and previous involvement in hazard- ous aeronautical events as measured by D. R. Hunter's (1995, 2002) Hazardous Events Scale. The School. Managing Diver- more weather-related hazardous events the pilots had been involved in, the less they associated implicit risk with adverse weather (Study 1) and the less implicitly anxious they were toward adverse sity in Organisations. weather (Study The results show a relationship between implicit associations and risk-taking behav- September 23rd-24th iour. Pilots may be involved in risk-taking behaviour because they perceive less risk in, and are implic- itly less afraid of, hazardous conditions. ABP Manchester Busi- 3. Competition for resources increases discrimination. A student study (N=124) lends support to the Karen Stenner model that when there is competition for resources, the expression of our biases ness School Sept 15th. will increase. Student groups were given points to award in a college game and it was found that when competition for resources increased they were more likely to make biased allocations and allocate to their own ethnic group. MRC Wolverhampton Business School Sept 4. Modern culture makes us think we are not biased. OBrien et al (2010) report that represen- 8th. tations of prejudice in American culture, and in particular the media, lead prejudiced individuals to view themselves as unprejudiced, and the effect of these representations on people's unprejudiced self-images can be passive or intentional. 5. IAT predicts relationship success. University of Rochester found that IAT volunteers who found it easy to associate their partner with bad things and difficult to associate the partner with good things were more likely to separate over the next year. The IAT also did a better job of pre- dicting a breakup than did an initial survey in which the researchers asked participants to report on the strength of their relationships before the study began. 6. Implicitly lab trials. August sees the use of Implicitly as an evaluation tool in lab trials of a range of unconscious bias reduction tools based on the nation of neuroplastisicity: that we can change the way our brains work with the right exercises and actions. Results are expected in the Autumn.
- 2. August 2010 Volume 1 Issue 3 Implicitly Research Digest August 2010 Contact: Dr Pete Jones. 7. Racial bias can negate the ability to feel the pain of someone from a different ethnic group. Italian Pete@shirepro.co.uk. researches recruited white and black Italian volunteers and asked them to watch videos of a strangers hand Tel; 01709 850828 being poked. When people watch such scenes, its actually possible to measure their brains empathic tenden- cies. By simulating how the prick would feel, the brain activates the neurons of the observers hand in roughly www.implicitly.co.uk the same place. These neurons become less excitable in the future. By checking their sensitivity, researchers could measure the effect that the video had on his recruits. They found the hallmarks of an empathic re- sponse only when the hands in the videos were prodded by a needle rather than a blunt piece of plastic, and only when he took measurements at the same part of the hand. But most interestingly of all, they found that 1-2-1 coaching for the recruits (both white and black) only responded empathetically when they saw hands that were the same self-awareness and skin tone as their own. If the hands belonged to a different ethnic group, the volunteers were unmoved by the bias reduction? pain they saw. The researchers think that empathy is the default state, which only later gets disrupted by racial biases. They repeated the experiment using brightly coloured violet hands, which clearly didnt belong to Organisational audit? any known ethnic group. Despite the hands weird hues, when they were poked with needles, the recruits all Team bias mapping? showed a strong empathic response, reacting as they would to hands of their own skin tone. Workshops? 8. Dr. JoA nn Tsang, associate professor of psychology and neuroscience, at Baylor University is conducting research into self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others with an IAT methodology. 9. Two recent studies deliver promising data from 2 tests (one IAT test and one similar test) that may help clinicians predict suicidal behaviour. The markers in these new tests involve a patients attention to suicide- related stimuli and the measure of association with death or suicide. In the first study, researchers adapted the Stroop test which like the IAT examines automatic processing. They measured the speed at which sub- jects identified the colour of words appearing on a computer screen. It was found that suicidal persons fo- Implicitly Presentations cused more on suicide-related words than neutral words. Suicide Stroop scores predicted 6-month follow-up this quarter suicide attempts well over traditionally accepted risk factors such as clinicians insight into the likelihood of a patient to attempt suicide, history of suicide attempts, or patient-reporting methods. In the second study, using an Implicit Association Test those participants with implicit association of death/suicide and self were 6 June 2-4th. 7th International Con- times more likely to attempt suicide at 6-month follow-up than psychiatrically distressed persons who had gress on Workplace Bullying. & Har- not attempted suicide. assment. Cardiff. 10. International research presented at the EDI conference in Vienna in July revealed the triggers for diver- June 29th. Institute of Work Psy- sity based inter-group contact: chology well-being conference Shef- field. Pre-conference workshop. And 2 presentations Sourcesofworkgroupconflict% 4.% 1.% July 13th. Intellect Women in Tech- DifferentialTreatment nology Insult,exclusionor July 14-16th 2010EDI Vienna humiliation 39.% 32.% Expectationof August 4th London Met University assimilation Russian Summer School Directlyopposingvalues orbeliefs 24.% Simplecontactexternal events Training in the use of Implic- 11 Baseline (non-offender) data on four new Child-Sex association versions of Implicitly has been gathered in 2 studies and a criterion sample is now being sought. itly can be arranged through Hogrefe; 12. Three new South African versions of Implicitly have been developed for pilot, looking at White Vs Black South African preferences at the request of Implicitly users working in South Africa. www.Hogrefe.co.uk Unconscious bias workshops and information sessions can be arranged through Dr Pete Jones at Shire Professional.