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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FAO - LNHS - 2020 1

ESOPHASUG

ESOPHAGUS

DIGESTVEI
SYSMET

DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM

STOMCHA

STOMACH

“A machine
cannot
function
without fuel.”

PARTS
AND
0
FUNCTIONS

Digestive System Organization
Structures
•Oral Cavity (Mouth)
•Pharynx
•Esophagus
•Stomach
•Small intestine
•Large Intestine
•Rectum

The Oral
Cavity

The Oral Cavity (Mouth)
The oral cavity serves as the
entrance of the digestive
system. It is responsible for
the mastication of food. It is
composed of the teeth,
tongue, and salivary glands.

Teeth
The teeth is responsible for
mastication, the process of
crushing and grinding food.
Different types of teeth carry
out different activities. Normal
adults have 32.

Tongue
Your tongue is a long,
muscular structure that
perceive taste and helps
mix food with saliva. It
also pushes down food
downward when you
swallow.

Salivary Glands
As food is chewed in the
mouth, saliva, the juice
secreted by salivary glands,
moisten the food and makes it
slippery to facilitate in the
swallowing process.

Salivary Glands (…)
Saliva contains the enzyme
salivary amylase that
helps in digesting starch (a
complex carbohydrate) into
maltose (a simpler
carbohydrates).

PHARYNX

Pharynx
The pharynx is a
funnelform structure that
serve as the passageway
for food and air. When
swallowing, the epiglottis
closed so that food won’t
enter the Pharynx
.DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FAO - LNHS - 2020 19

ESOPHAGUS

Esophagus
Running from the base of the
pharynx to the whole neck down to
stomach is a long tube called
esophagus.
It is around 20cm long.

Esophagus (…)
The muscles of the esophagus
contract in a wavelike process
called peristalsis.
Mucous Glands that line in the
inner esophagus secrets mucus,
a slimy substance, that aids in the
passage of the food.

stomach

Stomach
The esophagus empties food
through a muscular valve called
esophageal sphincter into the
stomach – a J-shaped, expandable,
muscular bag – that stores the food
you eat and breaks it down into tiny
pieces.

Stomach (…)
The stomach have a thick wall
composed of three layers of
muscles that move in different
directions.
The inner lining of the stomach
have glands that secretes gastric
juice and mucous.

Stomach (…)
Gastric juices are
composed of Hydrochloric
Acid (HCl) and digestive
enzymes pepsin ( and
rennin in infants).
HCl soften fibrous foods
and kills bateria. It is very
acidic, with a pH of 1 and 2.

Stomach (…)
Rennin digest milk proteins.
Pepsin breaks down other
protein into amino acids and
peptides.
Food in the stomach mix with
gastric juice is called Chyme.

SMALL
intestine

Small Intestine (…)
The small intestine is about 7-8m
long, around 4cm wide, and with
three parts namely:
1. Duodenum – first 30cm
2. Jejunum – middle 3 meters
3. Ileum – last 4 meters.

Small Intestine
After the stomach
digested the food it is
transferred down to
the small intestine,
passing to a valve
called pyloric
sphincter.

Food in the small intestine
also move via peristalsis.
In duodenum, chyme gets
neutralized (lessen the
acidity).
In jejenum and ileum,
absorption happens.

Lining of intestine walls has
finger-like projections called
villi. The villi are further
covered in microvilli.
Located in each villus is a
blood vessel (capillary) and
a tiny lymph vessel (lacteal).

The small intestine also
has accessory organs
(glands) that aid in the
digestion of the food
namely: liver, gall bladder,
pancreas, and intestinal
glands.

Accessory
glands

Accessory Organs The Glands
Food does not pass
throught these organs
but they still aide in the
digestion of the food.

Liver
Liver is the largest gland in our
body. It secretes bile which is
temporarily stored in the gall
bladder.

Gall Bladder
Temporarily stores bile from liver,
then transfer it to the duodenum
via bile duct.
Eating fatty foods can cause gall
stones.

Pancreas
Pancreas is another
gland in the digestive
system which release
pancreatic juice loaded
with enzymes. These
enzymes can help in
breaking down fats,
protein, and
carbohydrates.

Large
intestines

Large Intestine or Colon
Digestion is not always 100%
efficient. There are time that some
enzymes are not always present
in the human body. Thus, if there
are undigested materials, it will
be transferred to the large
intestine or colon.

Large Intestine or Colon
Large intestine is around 2
meters long and 7cm
wide. It is shorter than the
small intestine but it is
wider compared to it.
Digestion doesn’t happen
anymore but
reabsorption of salt and
water takes place.

Large Intestine or Colon (…)
Peristalsis moves
undigested food from
large intestine to the
rectum, an expandable
storage chamber.

Large Intestine or Colon (…)
The undigested food in
rectum is now called
feces which eventually
passes out in the body
through the anus.

Group Activity:
Digestive System Experiment
Materials:
Biscuit or cracker, water, juice, banana, sealed plastic, elastic
stockings, paper cup or plastic cup, basin, trash can

Experiment (process of digestive system)
Instruction:
Put the crackers and bananas inside the sealed plastic bag use your hand to grind the food.
Mix the water and vinegar inside the sealed plastic bag and grind until mixed up well.
Put the mix food from sealed plastic bag to the stockings and drain it to the bowl until the water
all drains.
Do a small cut to the bottom of the stockings and squeeze it slowly to the plastic cups.

QUIZ
TIME!DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FAO - LNHS - 2020 46

1. Part of pharynx
which prevents food
from entering the
trachea (lungs).
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FAO - LNHS - 2020 �ݺ�ߣ 48

2.Served as the
passageway for food and
air?

3. The wavelike motion
of the mucles of the
esophagus which push
the food down.

4. How many layers of
muscles does the
stomach have?

5. What acid is included
in the gastric juice which
digest food and kill
bacteria.

answer

1. Part of pharynx
which prevents food
from entering the
trachea (lungs).

Epiglottis

2. Serve as the
passageway for food and
air?

Pharynx

3. The wavelike motion
of the mucles of the
esophagus which push
the food down.

Peristalsis

4. How many layers of
muscles does the
stomach have?

Three (3)

5. What acid is included
in the gastric juice which
digest food and kill
bacteria.

Hydrochloric acid

ASSIGNMENT
List at least 5 digestive diseases
and what are the symptoms and
treatment.

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