ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo

Digital Accessibility: Human Centered Design

?
?
Kristin Patterson
Kristin Patterson

In an age of inclusion, diversity and compliance, service designers and strategists need to broaden their horizons and truly think of human-centered design encompassing all.

1 of 37
X Human Centered Design Accessibility
X Web Content Accessibility Guidelines WCAG
X WCAG 2.0 Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust ¡° ¡° Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. ¡° ¡° Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable. ¡° ¡° Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. ¡° ¡° User interface components and navigations must be operable. This principle ensures that content is available to view in multiple forms, and is easy to see or hear regardless of disability. This principle ensures that a user could easily navigate a website without running into limited functionality or time limits. This principle ensures all webpages are readable, predictable and have the capability to correct user mistakes. This principle is all about ensuring the compatibility between your website and all current and future technologies someone may use to assist them. ? Placing an alt text tag on an image ? Alternative options for CAPTCHA ? Providing captions for all media content ? The user can navigate through the site using only their keyboard ? The user has the ability to pause scrolling information ? Your web pages are titles with a topic or purpose ? Your website navigation remains consistent throughout the site ? You provide instructions for all user input ?elds ? A user is able to con?rm their ?nancial transaction before submitting an order ? Your HTML documents include start and end tags and do not contain duplicate attributes ? A user can programmatically determine the name and role of a user interface form
X WCAG Overview 1999 2008 2012 Summer 2018
X The Newness Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment
X The Newness Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment
X The Newness Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment
X WCAG 2.1 Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment Age-Related Cognitive Decline Aphasia ADHD Autism Intellectual Disability (IQ) Dyscalculia (numbers, symbols, functions) Dyslexia (visual, auditory, language, patterns) Non-Verbal (mute, near-inaudible, hearing impaired)
X 83 MILLION Age-Related Cognitive Decline Aphasia ADHD Autism Intellectual Disability (IQ) Dyscalculia (numbers, symbols, functions) Dyslexia (visual, auditory, language, patterns) Non-Verbal (mute, near-inaudible, hearing impaired) WCAG 2.1 ~
X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global Population Demographics
X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global fertility is projected to fall from just over 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to around 2.4 in 2025-2030 and 2.0 in 2095-2100 Global Population Demographics
X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global Population Demographics Globally, life expectancy for both sexes combined is projected to rise from 71 years in 2010-2015 to 77 years in 2045-2050 and eventually to 83 years in 2095-2100 Global fertility is projected to fall from just over 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to around 2.4 in 2025-2030 and 2.0 in 2095-2100
X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global Population Demographics Globally, life expectancy for both sexes combined is projected to rise from 71 years in 2010-2015 to 77 years in 2045-2050 and eventually to 83 years in 2095-2100 By 2050 the number of +60 year olds will be more than double that of 2017 Global fertility is projected to fall from just over 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to around 2.4 in 2025-2030 and 2.0 in 2095-2100
X ¡°By 2050, there will be a projected 115 million people with dementia worldwide.¡±
X ¡°Up to 20% of the US population shows symptoms of dyslexia.¡±
X ¡°Each year, approximately 795,000 people suffer a stroke.¡±
X ¡°Stroke is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States.¡±
X WCAG and The Law WCAG The Law
X WCAG and The Law WCAG ADA The Law
X WCAG and The Law WCAG Title lll ADA The Law
X WCAG and The Law 2002 Access Now, Inc. v. Southwest Airlines Co. 2006 National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corp. 2010 Ouellette v. Viacom; Young v. Facebook because the sites didn¡¯t replicate physical places of business the airline¡¯s website was not a ¡°place of public accommodation¡± 2013 2014 Consent decree involving H&R Block Settlement agreement between Justice v. Peapod
X WCAG and The Law ¡°On January 18, 2017, the Section 508 standards have been refreshed to account for new technology and align with WCAG guidelines.¡±
X WCAG and The Law ¡°On January 18, 2017, the Section 508 standards have been refreshed to account for new technology and align with WCAG guidelines.¡± In 2017, a Florida court rejected a website ADA suit against SeaWorld and Busch Gardens citing the 2006 Target decision.
X WCAG and The Law ¡°On January 18, 2017, the Section 508 standards have been refreshed to account for new technology and align with WCAG guidelines.¡± In 2017, a Florida court condemned Winn Dixie in a website ADA suit citing the 2006 Target decision. In 2017, a Florida court rejected a website ADA suit against SeaWorld and Busch Gardens citing the 2006 Target decision.
X Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a speci?c display orientation is *essential. Level AA: 2.6.2 Orientation Wildcard Guideline
X *if removed, would fundamentally change the information or functionality of the content,?and?information and functionality cannot be achieved in another way that would conform Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a speci?c display orientation is *essential. Level AA: 2.6.2 Orientation Wildcard Guideline
X 2.1 Guidelines Level A Level AA Level AAA 2.4.11?Character Key Shortcuts?? Ensure custom shortcuts include, or can be made to include, a modi?er key.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users primarily operating via speech or keyboard 2.4.12?Label in Name?? Let the visual label for controls be a trigger for speech activation.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users operating via speech 2.5.1?Pointer Gestures?? Let users operate touchscreens with a single ?nger.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some physical disabilities 2.5.2?Pointer Cancellation?? Reduce accidental activation of controls by making their operation consistent.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive, physical or visual disabilities 2.6.1?Motion Actuation? Don¡¯t rely solely on device motion to control page content.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users unable to physically manipulate devices
X Level A Level AA Level AAA 1.3.4?Identify Common Purpose?? Make the meaning of common inputs available via technology.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive disabilities 1.4.10?Re?ow?? Ensure content can be enlarged without requiring horizontal scrolling.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?low-vision users 1.4.11?Non-Text Contrast?? Ensure important visual information such as graphics and icons meets the same minimum contrast that is required for larger text.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?low-vision users 1.4.12?Text Spacing?? Let users adjust text spacing to make it easier to read.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive or low vision disabilities 1.4.13?Content on Hover or Focus?? If content can appear or disappear without a user intentionally activating it, design the interaction in such a way that all users can operate it and perceive the content.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?low-vision and blind users 2.6.2?Orientation?? Don¡¯t lock content to either portrait or landscape presentation.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users unable to modify the orientation of devices 3.2.6?Status Changes?? Let assistive technologies notify users about changes to the content that don¡¯t take focus.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?blind and low vision users 2.1 Guidelines
X Level A Level AA Level AAA 1.3.5?Identify Purpose? Make the meaning of all controls (not just inputs) and other key information available via technology.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive disabilities 2.2.6?Timeouts?? Tell users how long they can be inactive before they may lose information.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive disabilities 2.2.7?Animation from Interactions?? Allow users to turn o? unnecessary motion e?ects.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with vestibular dysfunction 2.5.3?Target Size?? Make controls bigger so they can be operated more easily, especially on touch screens.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some physical disabilities 2.5.4?Concurrent Input Mechanisms?? Don¡¯t prevent users from choosing di?erent ways of inputting content.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users requiring speci?c means of operation or using assistive technology 2.1 Guidelines
X What Now?
X What Now? Is my work accessible?
X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector
X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector Walk the talk
X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector Walk the talk Use a screen reader Try Hawkeye
X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector Walk the talk Use a screen reader Try Hawkeye Re?ect and relate
X Thank You
X UN¡¯s Global Population Demographics https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/?les/wpp2017_key?ndings.pdf ? UN¡¯s Global Accessibility Legislation, Policies, et al http://g3ict.org/publication/web-accessibility-policy-making-an-international- perspective-revised-edition-2012 ? Accessibility Lawsuits circa 2017-2018 https://www.boia.org/blog/2018s-?ood-of-accessibility-lawsuits PWD Populations and Statistics: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html ? https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm ? https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html ? https://iq-research.info/en/average-iq-by-country/us-united-states ? https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218300731 ? https://assets.prb.org/pdf17/TRA%20Alzheimers%20and%20Dementia.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK453284/ ? https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-voice-speech-language ? https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/statistics/ Addendum The Law (US): ADA vs WCAG Overview https://www.newmediacampaigns.com/blog/website-accessibility-and-the-law-ada-wcag20 WCAG 2.0 Mobile Checklist http://pauljadam.com/demos/mobilechecklist.html Comprehensive WCAG 2.1 https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/? ? Alt-Text Intro https://fae.disability.illinois.edu/rulesets/IMAGE_1/ ? ? ARIA Techniques https://fae.disability.illinois.edu/rulesets/ruleset/ARIA_STRICT/

More Related Content

Digital Accessibility: Human Centered Design

  • 3. X WCAG 2.0 Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust ¡° ¡° Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. ¡° ¡° Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable. ¡° ¡° Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. ¡° ¡° User interface components and navigations must be operable. This principle ensures that content is available to view in multiple forms, and is easy to see or hear regardless of disability. This principle ensures that a user could easily navigate a website without running into limited functionality or time limits. This principle ensures all webpages are readable, predictable and have the capability to correct user mistakes. This principle is all about ensuring the compatibility between your website and all current and future technologies someone may use to assist them. ? Placing an alt text tag on an image ? Alternative options for CAPTCHA ? Providing captions for all media content ? The user can navigate through the site using only their keyboard ? The user has the ability to pause scrolling information ? Your web pages are titles with a topic or purpose ? Your website navigation remains consistent throughout the site ? You provide instructions for all user input ?elds ? A user is able to con?rm their ?nancial transaction before submitting an order ? Your HTML documents include start and end tags and do not contain duplicate attributes ? A user can programmatically determine the name and role of a user interface form
  • 5. X The Newness Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment
  • 6. X The Newness Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment
  • 7. X The Newness Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment
  • 8. X WCAG 2.1 Low Vision Mobile Cognitive Impairment Age-Related Cognitive Decline Aphasia ADHD Autism Intellectual Disability (IQ) Dyscalculia (numbers, symbols, functions) Dyslexia (visual, auditory, language, patterns) Non-Verbal (mute, near-inaudible, hearing impaired)
  • 9. X 83 MILLION Age-Related Cognitive Decline Aphasia ADHD Autism Intellectual Disability (IQ) Dyscalculia (numbers, symbols, functions) Dyslexia (visual, auditory, language, patterns) Non-Verbal (mute, near-inaudible, hearing impaired) WCAG 2.1 ~
  • 10. X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global Population Demographics
  • 11. X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global fertility is projected to fall from just over 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to around 2.4 in 2025-2030 and 2.0 in 2095-2100 Global Population Demographics
  • 12. X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global Population Demographics Globally, life expectancy for both sexes combined is projected to rise from 71 years in 2010-2015 to 77 years in 2045-2050 and eventually to 83 years in 2095-2100 Global fertility is projected to fall from just over 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to around 2.4 in 2025-2030 and 2.0 in 2095-2100
  • 13. X ~83MM people are being added to the world¡¯s population every year Global Population Demographics Globally, life expectancy for both sexes combined is projected to rise from 71 years in 2010-2015 to 77 years in 2045-2050 and eventually to 83 years in 2095-2100 By 2050 the number of +60 year olds will be more than double that of 2017 Global fertility is projected to fall from just over 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to around 2.4 in 2025-2030 and 2.0 in 2095-2100
  • 14. X ¡°By 2050, there will be a projected 115 million people with dementia worldwide.¡±
  • 15. X ¡°Up to 20% of the US population shows symptoms of dyslexia.¡±
  • 16. X ¡°Each year, approximately 795,000 people suffer a stroke.¡±
  • 17. X ¡°Stroke is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States.¡±
  • 18. X WCAG and The Law WCAG The Law
  • 19. X WCAG and The Law WCAG ADA The Law
  • 20. X WCAG and The Law WCAG Title lll ADA The Law
  • 21. X WCAG and The Law 2002 Access Now, Inc. v. Southwest Airlines Co. 2006 National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corp. 2010 Ouellette v. Viacom; Young v. Facebook because the sites didn¡¯t replicate physical places of business the airline¡¯s website was not a ¡°place of public accommodation¡± 2013 2014 Consent decree involving H&R Block Settlement agreement between Justice v. Peapod
  • 22. X WCAG and The Law ¡°On January 18, 2017, the Section 508 standards have been refreshed to account for new technology and align with WCAG guidelines.¡±
  • 23. X WCAG and The Law ¡°On January 18, 2017, the Section 508 standards have been refreshed to account for new technology and align with WCAG guidelines.¡± In 2017, a Florida court rejected a website ADA suit against SeaWorld and Busch Gardens citing the 2006 Target decision.
  • 24. X WCAG and The Law ¡°On January 18, 2017, the Section 508 standards have been refreshed to account for new technology and align with WCAG guidelines.¡± In 2017, a Florida court condemned Winn Dixie in a website ADA suit citing the 2006 Target decision. In 2017, a Florida court rejected a website ADA suit against SeaWorld and Busch Gardens citing the 2006 Target decision.
  • 25. X Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a speci?c display orientation is *essential. Level AA: 2.6.2 Orientation Wildcard Guideline
  • 26. X *if removed, would fundamentally change the information or functionality of the content,?and?information and functionality cannot be achieved in another way that would conform Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a speci?c display orientation is *essential. Level AA: 2.6.2 Orientation Wildcard Guideline
  • 27. X 2.1 Guidelines Level A Level AA Level AAA 2.4.11?Character Key Shortcuts?? Ensure custom shortcuts include, or can be made to include, a modi?er key.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users primarily operating via speech or keyboard 2.4.12?Label in Name?? Let the visual label for controls be a trigger for speech activation.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users operating via speech 2.5.1?Pointer Gestures?? Let users operate touchscreens with a single ?nger.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some physical disabilities 2.5.2?Pointer Cancellation?? Reduce accidental activation of controls by making their operation consistent.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive, physical or visual disabilities 2.6.1?Motion Actuation? Don¡¯t rely solely on device motion to control page content.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users unable to physically manipulate devices
  • 28. X Level A Level AA Level AAA 1.3.4?Identify Common Purpose?? Make the meaning of common inputs available via technology.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive disabilities 1.4.10?Re?ow?? Ensure content can be enlarged without requiring horizontal scrolling.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?low-vision users 1.4.11?Non-Text Contrast?? Ensure important visual information such as graphics and icons meets the same minimum contrast that is required for larger text.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?low-vision users 1.4.12?Text Spacing?? Let users adjust text spacing to make it easier to read.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive or low vision disabilities 1.4.13?Content on Hover or Focus?? If content can appear or disappear without a user intentionally activating it, design the interaction in such a way that all users can operate it and perceive the content.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?low-vision and blind users 2.6.2?Orientation?? Don¡¯t lock content to either portrait or landscape presentation.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users unable to modify the orientation of devices 3.2.6?Status Changes?? Let assistive technologies notify users about changes to the content that don¡¯t take focus.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?blind and low vision users 2.1 Guidelines
  • 29. X Level A Level AA Level AAA 1.3.5?Identify Purpose? Make the meaning of all controls (not just inputs) and other key information available via technology.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive disabilities 2.2.6?Timeouts?? Tell users how long they can be inactive before they may lose information.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some cognitive disabilities 2.2.7?Animation from Interactions?? Allow users to turn o? unnecessary motion e?ects.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with vestibular dysfunction 2.5.3?Target Size?? Make controls bigger so they can be operated more easily, especially on touch screens.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users with some physical disabilities 2.5.4?Concurrent Input Mechanisms?? Don¡¯t prevent users from choosing di?erent ways of inputting content.? Key intended bene?ciaries:?users requiring speci?c means of operation or using assistive technology 2.1 Guidelines
  • 31. X What Now? Is my work accessible?
  • 32. X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector
  • 33. X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector Walk the talk
  • 34. X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector Walk the talk Use a screen reader Try Hawkeye
  • 35. X What Now? Is my work accessible? Web: Google Lighthouse Android: Google Accessibility Scanner iOS: Xcode Accessibility Inspector Walk the talk Use a screen reader Try Hawkeye Re?ect and relate
  • 37. X UN¡¯s Global Population Demographics https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/?les/wpp2017_key?ndings.pdf ? UN¡¯s Global Accessibility Legislation, Policies, et al http://g3ict.org/publication/web-accessibility-policy-making-an-international- perspective-revised-edition-2012 ? Accessibility Lawsuits circa 2017-2018 https://www.boia.org/blog/2018s-?ood-of-accessibility-lawsuits PWD Populations and Statistics: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html ? https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm ? https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html ? https://iq-research.info/en/average-iq-by-country/us-united-states ? https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218300731 ? https://assets.prb.org/pdf17/TRA%20Alzheimers%20and%20Dementia.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK453284/ ? https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-voice-speech-language ? https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/statistics/ Addendum The Law (US): ADA vs WCAG Overview https://www.newmediacampaigns.com/blog/website-accessibility-and-the-law-ada-wcag20 WCAG 2.0 Mobile Checklist http://pauljadam.com/demos/mobilechecklist.html Comprehensive WCAG 2.1 https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/? ? Alt-Text Intro https://fae.disability.illinois.edu/rulesets/IMAGE_1/ ? ? ARIA Techniques https://fae.disability.illinois.edu/rulesets/ruleset/ARIA_STRICT/