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Digital Imaging




                  Inkjet Training


                    DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            1            www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging




        How does a printer
        head work?




                 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            2         www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging


                         The head methods


 Continuous Flow method                               Drop on demand method


                           Thermal / Bubble Jet                         Piezo Jet


          Front-shoot             Side-shooter                Squeeze       Shear   Bender   Push
                                                              Tube          mode             mode
          HP                      Canon
          Olivetti                Xerox
          Lexmark




                                    DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                     3                   www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
Thermal Inkjet - Bubble Jet - technology

    HP Design Jet 5500 / Z6100                         Canon W 6400 / 8400
                                                         iPF6100 / 9000




                             DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                  4               www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
Drop on demand method - Bubble Jet

   Jet compartment   heating element

                              Non-operative condition



                              Bubble production



                              Drop ejection


                              Ejected droplet



                              Collapsing bubble



                              Capillary topping-up




                                        DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                     5                       www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging - HP printhead




                    DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            6            www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
Piezo Jet - technology                                    EPSON
                                                      4000/7600/9600
                                                    3800/4800/7800/9800
Mutoh RJ 6100
                                                   4880/7880/9880/11880




Roland FJ 540




                         DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                7             www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging                                           Piezo crystal

Piezo crystal - technology

                     Jet compartment




                               DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                 8                  www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging - Epson Piezo Head




                   DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            9           www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging




    What about resolution?




                 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            10        www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
Printer resolution


? The measurement unit for resolution is dpi
   ¨C dpi       = dots per inch
   ¨C dpi       = points per 25.4 mm
   ¨C 300 dpi   = 11.8 points per mm
   ¨C 2400 dpi ? 95 points per mm




                            DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                     11          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
Printer resolution


length of the edges = distance                                        diameter = distance
in combination with a quadrate                                        in combination with circle


                                                                  D


                                                                                 A
                         The fact that white area rests between the circles needs an enlargement of
                         the printed point
                         It follows theoretically D = 1,4 x A




                                            DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                         12                      www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
Printer resolution


Printer resolution, like 2400 x 1200dpi

   Defines only the number of dots per square inch

   Doesn?t define the diameter of the printed point



   The following slide will show this fact.




                              DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                     13            www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging




       What about ink?




                 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            14        www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging
There are two basic types of Ink . . .
?   Dye based Ink                                        ?      Pigmented Ink
    + like sugar or salt in water                               + like clay in water
    + colorant (dye) is dissolved                               + many molecules of colorant in
      at the molecular level                                      each pigment particle
    + high saturation                                           + high UV and oxidation stability,
    ¨C low UV and Ozone stability as                               molecular bonds not as easily
      dye molecular bonds are                                     broken
      broken by these effects                                   ¨C danger of settling down
                                                                ¨C today slightly lower colour
                                                                  saturation than dye ink
    => Indoor (several month up to
       years)                                                   => Outdoor (>3year) and Indoor
                                                                   (>25 year)




                                      DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                      15                   www.PrintLat.com
6 month ozone influence at standard office condition during summer
Canon S900 photo printer with dye ink




           Protected with a clear PET film                  Without protection

                                         DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                                   16         www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging

                                  Inkjet Ink Overview

   Aqueous Ink                                    Non Aqueous Ink


       Dye Ink      Phase Change            Oilbased Ink         Solvent Ink      Reactive ink
                         Wax / Resin                                                UV curing
                         Pigmented                                                  Pigmented


    Pigmented Ink
                                                                   Low Solvent
                                                                    Pigmented

      Latex ink
                                                                   Eco Solvent
     Pigmented
                                                                   Pigmented

                                                                   Hard Solvent
                                                                    Pigmented




                                       DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                    17                      www.PrintLat.com
Differences of inks

100%

90%                                                                                          Dye
80%
                                                                                             Monomer
70%

60%                                                                                          Polymer
50%
                                                                                             Water mixible solid
40%
                                                                                             solvent
30%                                                                                          Slow evaporating
20%
                                                                                             solvent
                                                                                             Hygroscopic Solvent
10%

 0%                                                                                          Fast evaporating
       Aqueous




                                                                         UV-curing
                                                          Low-, Eco-
                 Aqueous Piezo




                                                                                     Latex
                                 Oilbased




                                                                                             solvent
                                            Solvent
       thermal




                                                           Solvent



                                                                                             Fast evaporating
                                                                                             water



                                                      DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                                 18                        www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging




  What about the Inkjet media ?




                 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            19        www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging Aqueous Base




                  DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
           20          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging Aqueous Base




                  DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
           21          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging Solvent Base




                   DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            22          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging Solvent Base




                   DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            23          www.PrintLat.com
Factors for Ink Jet Print Quality
?   Printing head                                       ? Media Substrate

     ?     technology, resolution                               ? type, surface, optical

?   Printing mode                                       ? Coating

                                                                ? colour
     ?     printer, ink lay down
                                                                ? gloss
?   Calibration (RIP) and Colour profiling
                                                                ? ink capacity
?   Inks
                                                                ? ink absorption speed
     ?     density, viscosity, surface tension
                                                                ? dot gain
     ?     stability                                            ? adhesion
?   Conditions                                                  ? resistance against scratching

     ?     temperature, humidity, air flow




                                                 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                             24                       www.PrintLat.com
Ink Jet Media Characterization

      ?   Test Print

      ?   Colour Measurement

      ?   Dot Size Measurement

      ?   Electron Microscopy

      ?   Dynamic Ink Absorption

      ?   Lamination compatibility

      ?   Accelerated UV Exposure

      ?   Physical Properties

      ?   Printer related Reliability => Feeding, cutting, etc.




                                DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                25                   www.PrintLat.com
Ink Jet Media Characterization
Test Print
     ?   Colour Gamut
     ?   Gradation
     ?   Inter Colour Bleeding
     ?   Line Sharpness
     ?   Small Characters
     ?   Coalescence
     ?   Banding
     ?   Drying time
     ?   Water Resistance
     ?   UV Resistance
     ?   Lamination compatibility


                          DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                26             www.PrintLat.com
Lamination Compatibility


                      hot - cold lamination
                      printed and unprinted areas


                      1. adhesion
                         coating to base material
                         lamination film to coating

                      2. Cohesion
                         paper base, coating




               DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
        27          www.PrintLat.com
DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
28        www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Specialities - Banner




                     DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
             29           www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Specialities - POS Media




                   DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            30          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Specialities - Selfadhesive products




                      DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
              31           www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Artistic Specialities




                    DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
             32          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Films - Backlit Film / Window Graphic




                       DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
              33            www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Films
Pasos para Imprimir en Serigraf¨ªa - Screen




  1.Prepare su dise?o, Separe su dise?o   2.Adjuntar el Positivo a un bastidor con   3.Exponga el bastidor a luz ultra
  por color, e imprima cada color en un   emulsi¨®n. Se debe preparar un              violeta para transferir el dise?o del
  positivo independiente. Cada Color      bastidor por cada                          positivo al bastidor llamado ¡°screen¡±
  representa un color por separado y
  necesita su bastidor independiente




  4.Lave las ¨¢reas no expuestas con                                                  6.Agregue tinta al bastidor, cada color
  agua                                                                               es aplicado de forma independiente




                                                                              DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                                                  34                               www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Papers ¨C Proofing - Photo




                   DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
            35          www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging Papers - Product Range TriSolv.
After print processing, billboard application




             After wetting the folded poster in water (up to 15 minutes)
             the spare water will be wiped off. This wet folded paper keeps
             in a plastic bag for one day up to three days.




                              DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
               36                  www.PrintLat.com
Inkjet Imaging Papers - Product Range TriSolv.
After print processing, billboard application



  8 hours
    up to
    three
    days


  Apply glue to the billboard, paste the wet TriSolv paper onto the billboard and then
  wipe again with the glue over the paper.

  Nearly 85% of all billboard posters are mounted by this procedure (international
  standard). The glue is standardized in most countries.
  The TriSolv Paper family is qualified by billboard companies for this kind of
  application.


                                       DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
                       37                   www.PrintLat.com
Thank you for your attention!
         David.pachon@sihlusa.com




                DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT
    38               www.PrintLat.com

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  • 1. Digital Imaging Inkjet Training DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 1 www.PrintLat.com
  • 2. Inkjet Imaging How does a printer head work? DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 2 www.PrintLat.com
  • 3. Inkjet Imaging The head methods Continuous Flow method Drop on demand method Thermal / Bubble Jet Piezo Jet Front-shoot Side-shooter Squeeze Shear Bender Push Tube mode mode HP Canon Olivetti Xerox Lexmark DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 3 www.PrintLat.com
  • 4. Inkjet Imaging Thermal Inkjet - Bubble Jet - technology HP Design Jet 5500 / Z6100 Canon W 6400 / 8400 iPF6100 / 9000 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 4 www.PrintLat.com
  • 5. Inkjet Imaging Drop on demand method - Bubble Jet Jet compartment heating element Non-operative condition Bubble production Drop ejection Ejected droplet Collapsing bubble Capillary topping-up DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 5 www.PrintLat.com
  • 6. Inkjet Imaging - HP printhead DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 6 www.PrintLat.com
  • 7. Inkjet Imaging Piezo Jet - technology EPSON 4000/7600/9600 3800/4800/7800/9800 Mutoh RJ 6100 4880/7880/9880/11880 Roland FJ 540 DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 7 www.PrintLat.com
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  • 10. Inkjet Imaging What about resolution? DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 10 www.PrintLat.com
  • 11. Inkjet Imaging Printer resolution ? The measurement unit for resolution is dpi ¨C dpi = dots per inch ¨C dpi = points per 25.4 mm ¨C 300 dpi = 11.8 points per mm ¨C 2400 dpi ? 95 points per mm DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 11 www.PrintLat.com
  • 12. Inkjet Imaging Printer resolution length of the edges = distance diameter = distance in combination with a quadrate in combination with circle D A The fact that white area rests between the circles needs an enlargement of the printed point It follows theoretically D = 1,4 x A DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 12 www.PrintLat.com
  • 13. Inkjet Imaging Printer resolution Printer resolution, like 2400 x 1200dpi Defines only the number of dots per square inch Doesn?t define the diameter of the printed point The following slide will show this fact. DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 13 www.PrintLat.com
  • 14. Inkjet Imaging What about ink? DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 14 www.PrintLat.com
  • 15. Inkjet Imaging There are two basic types of Ink . . . ? Dye based Ink ? Pigmented Ink + like sugar or salt in water + like clay in water + colorant (dye) is dissolved + many molecules of colorant in at the molecular level each pigment particle + high saturation + high UV and oxidation stability, ¨C low UV and Ozone stability as molecular bonds not as easily dye molecular bonds are broken broken by these effects ¨C danger of settling down ¨C today slightly lower colour saturation than dye ink => Indoor (several month up to years) => Outdoor (>3year) and Indoor (>25 year) DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 15 www.PrintLat.com
  • 16. 6 month ozone influence at standard office condition during summer Canon S900 photo printer with dye ink Protected with a clear PET film Without protection DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 16 www.PrintLat.com
  • 17. Inkjet Imaging Inkjet Ink Overview Aqueous Ink Non Aqueous Ink Dye Ink Phase Change Oilbased Ink Solvent Ink Reactive ink Wax / Resin UV curing Pigmented Pigmented Pigmented Ink Low Solvent Pigmented Latex ink Eco Solvent Pigmented Pigmented Hard Solvent Pigmented DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 17 www.PrintLat.com
  • 18. Differences of inks 100% 90% Dye 80% Monomer 70% 60% Polymer 50% Water mixible solid 40% solvent 30% Slow evaporating 20% solvent Hygroscopic Solvent 10% 0% Fast evaporating Aqueous UV-curing Low-, Eco- Aqueous Piezo Latex Oilbased solvent Solvent thermal Solvent Fast evaporating water DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 18 www.PrintLat.com
  • 19. Inkjet Imaging What about the Inkjet media ? DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 19 www.PrintLat.com
  • 20. Inkjet Imaging Aqueous Base DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 20 www.PrintLat.com
  • 21. Inkjet Imaging Aqueous Base DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 21 www.PrintLat.com
  • 22. Inkjet Imaging Solvent Base DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 22 www.PrintLat.com
  • 23. Inkjet Imaging Solvent Base DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 23 www.PrintLat.com
  • 24. Factors for Ink Jet Print Quality ? Printing head ? Media Substrate ? technology, resolution ? type, surface, optical ? Printing mode ? Coating ? colour ? printer, ink lay down ? gloss ? Calibration (RIP) and Colour profiling ? ink capacity ? Inks ? ink absorption speed ? density, viscosity, surface tension ? dot gain ? stability ? adhesion ? Conditions ? resistance against scratching ? temperature, humidity, air flow DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 24 www.PrintLat.com
  • 25. Ink Jet Media Characterization ? Test Print ? Colour Measurement ? Dot Size Measurement ? Electron Microscopy ? Dynamic Ink Absorption ? Lamination compatibility ? Accelerated UV Exposure ? Physical Properties ? Printer related Reliability => Feeding, cutting, etc. DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 25 www.PrintLat.com
  • 26. Ink Jet Media Characterization Test Print ? Colour Gamut ? Gradation ? Inter Colour Bleeding ? Line Sharpness ? Small Characters ? Coalescence ? Banding ? Drying time ? Water Resistance ? UV Resistance ? Lamination compatibility DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 26 www.PrintLat.com
  • 27. Lamination Compatibility hot - cold lamination printed and unprinted areas 1. adhesion coating to base material lamination film to coating 2. Cohesion paper base, coating DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 27 www.PrintLat.com
  • 28. DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 28 www.PrintLat.com
  • 29. Inkjet Specialities - Banner DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 29 www.PrintLat.com
  • 30. Inkjet Specialities - POS Media DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 30 www.PrintLat.com
  • 31. Inkjet Specialities - Selfadhesive products DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 31 www.PrintLat.com
  • 32. Inkjet Artistic Specialities DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 32 www.PrintLat.com
  • 33. Inkjet Films - Backlit Film / Window Graphic DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 33 www.PrintLat.com
  • 34. Inkjet Films Pasos para Imprimir en Serigraf¨ªa - Screen 1.Prepare su dise?o, Separe su dise?o 2.Adjuntar el Positivo a un bastidor con 3.Exponga el bastidor a luz ultra por color, e imprima cada color en un emulsi¨®n. Se debe preparar un violeta para transferir el dise?o del positivo independiente. Cada Color bastidor por cada positivo al bastidor llamado ¡°screen¡± representa un color por separado y necesita su bastidor independiente 4.Lave las ¨¢reas no expuestas con 6.Agregue tinta al bastidor, cada color agua es aplicado de forma independiente DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 34 www.PrintLat.com
  • 35. Inkjet Papers ¨C Proofing - Photo DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 35 www.PrintLat.com
  • 36. Inkjet Imaging Papers - Product Range TriSolv. After print processing, billboard application After wetting the folded poster in water (up to 15 minutes) the spare water will be wiped off. This wet folded paper keeps in a plastic bag for one day up to three days. DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 36 www.PrintLat.com
  • 37. Inkjet Imaging Papers - Product Range TriSolv. After print processing, billboard application 8 hours up to three days Apply glue to the billboard, paste the wet TriSolv paper onto the billboard and then wipe again with the glue over the paper. Nearly 85% of all billboard posters are mounted by this procedure (international standard). The glue is standardized in most countries. The TriSolv Paper family is qualified by billboard companies for this kind of application. DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 37 www.PrintLat.com
  • 38. Thank you for your attention! David.pachon@sihlusa.com DAVID PACHON ¨C PRINTLAT 38 www.PrintLat.com