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Digital Trade Estimates Project

Martina F. Ferracane
Martina F. Ferracane

The document describes the Digital Trade Estimates project which aims to track measures impacting digital trade across 65 countries. The project includes a database of over 1000 measures across 13 areas of digital trade. It also includes the development of a Digital Trade Estimates Index and annual reports. The database aims to provide a comprehensive, regularly updated resource on digital trade barriers and regulations.

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D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S P R O J E C T M A R T I N A F R A N C E S C A F E R R A C A N E P O L I C Y A N A LY S T A T E C I P E P H D S T U D E N T A T H A M B U R G U N I V E R S I T Y W O R L D T R A D E F O R U M , F L O R E N C E 2 4 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 6
D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E P R O J E C T - Project entirely dedicated to measures impacting digital trade - 65 countries - Main pillars of the project: - DTE Database - DTE Index - DTE Annual Report
D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E D A TA B A S E - More than 1000 measures identified - Regulatory measures - De facto measures - 13 main areas of research - 40+ subcategories of research
D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E D A TA B A S E 13 main areas: 1. Tariffs and trade defence 2. Taxation and subsidies 3. Public procurement 4. Foreign investment 5. IPR 6. Competition policy 7. Business mobility 8. Data policies 9. Intermediary liability 10. Content access 11. Quantitative trade restrictions 12. Standards 13. Online sales and transactions
13 main areas: 1. Tariffs and trade defence 2. Taxation and subsidies 3. Public procurement 4. Foreign investment 5. IPR 6. Competition policy 7. Business mobility 8. Data policies 9. Intermediary liability 10. Content access 11. Quantitative trade restrictions 12. Standards 13. Online sales and transactions C L U S T E R A : F I S C A L R E S T R I C T I O N S
1. Applied tariffs on digital goods 2. Antidumping, CVD & Safeguards on digital goods C H A P T E R 1 : TA R I F F S A N D T R A D E D E F E N C E
Digital goods : ICT products beyond the list agreed in the ITA agreements. C H A P T E R 1 : TA R I F F S A N D T R A D E D E F E N C E
C H A P T E R 2 : TA X A T I O N A N D S U B S I D I E S 1. Discriminatory tax regime on digital goods and products 2. Discriminatory tax regime on online services 3. Taxation on data usage 4. Subsidies and discriminatory tax regime
C H A P T E R 3 : P U B L I C P R O C U R E M E N T 1. Preferential purchase schemes covering ICT products, services 2. Surrendering of patents, source code etc. 3. Technology mandate (encryption, formats)
13 main areas: 1. Tariffs and trade defence 2. Taxation and subsidies 3. Public procurement 4. Foreign investment 5. IPR 6. Competition policy 7. Business mobility 8. Data policies 9. Intermediary liability 10. Content access 11. Quantitative trade restrictions 12. Standards 13. Online sales and transactions C L U S T E R C : D A TA P O L I C I E S
M A I N A R E A S : 8 . D A TA P O L I C I E S 1. Restrictions cross-border on data flows (data localisation) 2. Data retention 3. Subject rights on data privacy 4. Administrative requirements on data privacy 5. Sanctions for non-compliance
D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : A P R A C T I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N Definition: a Government imposed restriction that results in the localisation of data within a certain jurisdiction Categorization: 1. Strict data localisation: Local storage Local storage and processing Ban to transfer (local storage, processing and access) 2. Conditional flow regime
Digital Trade Estimates Project
Note: The graph does not include one measure whose date of entry into force is unknown. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : A P R A C T I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N 0" 10" 20" 30" 40" 50" 60" 70" 80" 90" 1960" 1965" 1970" 1975" 1980" 1985" 1990" 1995" 2000" 2005" 2010" 2015" The$evolu)on$of$data$localisa)on$measures$
Note: The graph does not include one measure whose date of entry into force is unknown. 0" 5" 10" 15" 20" 25" 30" 35" 40" 1960" 1965" 1970" 1975" 1980" 1985" 1990" 1995" 2000" 2005" 2010" 2015" Evolu&on(of(data(localisa&on(measures(by(degree(of(restric&veness( Ban"to"transfer/local"processing" Local"storage" Condi>onal"鍖ow"regime"
Source: ECIPE Digital Trade Estimates database - To be released in October 2016. Africa' 4%' La+n'America' 5%' North'America' 7%' Asia6Paci鍖c'' 39%' Europe' 45%' Geographical,coverage,
Source: ECIPE Digital Trade Estimates database - To be released in October 2016. 51%$ 11%$ 10%$ 8%$ 7%$ 7%$ 4%$2%$ Sectoral)coverage) Horizontal$ Financial$sector$ Online$services$providers$ Public$sector$ Telecommunica@on$sector$ Other$ Gambing$sector$ Health$sector$
Source: ECIPE Digital Trade Estimates database - To be released in October 2016. 41%$ 13%$ 12%$ 8%$ 8%$ 7%$ 5%$ 4%$ 2%$ Type%of%data%a鍖ected% Personal$data$ Business$records$ All$sectoral$data$ Public$data$ User/consumer$data$ Financial$data$ All$data$ Other$ Health$data$
M A I N A R E A S : 9 . I N T E R M E D I A RY L I A B I L I T Y 1. Framework that provides a safe harbor 2. Notice and takedown requirement 1 0 . C O N T E N T A C C E S S 1. Censorship, filtering 2. Bandwidth, net neutrality
N E X T S T E P S : 1. October: Launch report and website in Brussels 2. October - March: Advocacy and workshops for Governments and other stakeholders 3. Annual DTE report in October 2017 Website for peer review: http://staging.ecipe.org/dte/database/ Details for log in: please send your request to martina.ferracane@ecipe.org More detailed presentation of DTE database: http://www.slideshare.net/ MartinaFerracane/digital-trade-estimates-project
M A R T I N A F R A N C E S C A F E R R A C A N E E M A I L : M A R T I N A . F E R R A C A N E @ E C I P E . O R G THANK YOU!
R E F E R E N C E S ECIPE (2011), FUTURE-PROOFING WORLD TRADE IN TECHNOLOGY: Turning the WTO IT Agreement (ITA) into the International Digital Economy Agreement (IDEA). ECIPE Working Paper No. 04/2011, Brussels, http://www.ecipe.org/app/uploads/2014/12/ WP201104.pd
D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E D A TA B A S E Criteria for including a measure: 1. Directly targeting the digital economy (not necessarily discrimination between national and foreign) 2. Horizontal target, but also impacting the digital economy (often discriminating between national and foreign)

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Digital Trade Estimates Project

  • 1. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S P R O J E C T M A R T I N A F R A N C E S C A F E R R A C A N E P O L I C Y A N A LY S T A T E C I P E P H D S T U D E N T A T H A M B U R G U N I V E R S I T Y W O R L D T R A D E F O R U M , F L O R E N C E 2 4 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 6
  • 2. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E P R O J E C T - Project entirely dedicated to measures impacting digital trade - 65 countries - Main pillars of the project: - DTE Database - DTE Index - DTE Annual Report
  • 3. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E D A TA B A S E - More than 1000 measures identified - Regulatory measures - De facto measures - 13 main areas of research - 40+ subcategories of research
  • 4. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E D A TA B A S E 13 main areas: 1. Tariffs and trade defence 2. Taxation and subsidies 3. Public procurement 4. Foreign investment 5. IPR 6. Competition policy 7. Business mobility 8. Data policies 9. Intermediary liability 10. Content access 11. Quantitative trade restrictions 12. Standards 13. Online sales and transactions
  • 5. 13 main areas: 1. Tariffs and trade defence 2. Taxation and subsidies 3. Public procurement 4. Foreign investment 5. IPR 6. Competition policy 7. Business mobility 8. Data policies 9. Intermediary liability 10. Content access 11. Quantitative trade restrictions 12. Standards 13. Online sales and transactions C L U S T E R A : F I S C A L R E S T R I C T I O N S
  • 6. 1. Applied tariffs on digital goods 2. Antidumping, CVD & Safeguards on digital goods C H A P T E R 1 : TA R I F F S A N D T R A D E D E F E N C E
  • 7. Digital goods : ICT products beyond the list agreed in the ITA agreements. C H A P T E R 1 : TA R I F F S A N D T R A D E D E F E N C E
  • 8. C H A P T E R 2 : TA X A T I O N A N D S U B S I D I E S 1. Discriminatory tax regime on digital goods and products 2. Discriminatory tax regime on online services 3. Taxation on data usage 4. Subsidies and discriminatory tax regime
  • 9. C H A P T E R 3 : P U B L I C P R O C U R E M E N T 1. Preferential purchase schemes covering ICT products, services 2. Surrendering of patents, source code etc. 3. Technology mandate (encryption, formats)
  • 10. 13 main areas: 1. Tariffs and trade defence 2. Taxation and subsidies 3. Public procurement 4. Foreign investment 5. IPR 6. Competition policy 7. Business mobility 8. Data policies 9. Intermediary liability 10. Content access 11. Quantitative trade restrictions 12. Standards 13. Online sales and transactions C L U S T E R C : D A TA P O L I C I E S
  • 11. M A I N A R E A S : 8 . D A TA P O L I C I E S 1. Restrictions cross-border on data flows (data localisation) 2. Data retention 3. Subject rights on data privacy 4. Administrative requirements on data privacy 5. Sanctions for non-compliance
  • 12. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : A P R A C T I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N Definition: a Government imposed restriction that results in the localisation of data within a certain jurisdiction Categorization: 1. Strict data localisation: Local storage Local storage and processing Ban to transfer (local storage, processing and access) 2. Conditional flow regime
  • 14. Note: The graph does not include one measure whose date of entry into force is unknown. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : A P R A C T I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N 0" 10" 20" 30" 40" 50" 60" 70" 80" 90" 1960" 1965" 1970" 1975" 1980" 1985" 1990" 1995" 2000" 2005" 2010" 2015" The$evolu)on$of$data$localisa)on$measures$
  • 15. Note: The graph does not include one measure whose date of entry into force is unknown. 0" 5" 10" 15" 20" 25" 30" 35" 40" 1960" 1965" 1970" 1975" 1980" 1985" 1990" 1995" 2000" 2005" 2010" 2015" Evolu&on(of(data(localisa&on(measures(by(degree(of(restric&veness( Ban"to"transfer/local"processing" Local"storage" Condi>onal"鍖ow"regime"
  • 16. Source: ECIPE Digital Trade Estimates database - To be released in October 2016. Africa' 4%' La+n'America' 5%' North'America' 7%' Asia6Paci鍖c'' 39%' Europe' 45%' Geographical,coverage,
  • 17. Source: ECIPE Digital Trade Estimates database - To be released in October 2016. 51%$ 11%$ 10%$ 8%$ 7%$ 7%$ 4%$2%$ Sectoral)coverage) Horizontal$ Financial$sector$ Online$services$providers$ Public$sector$ Telecommunica@on$sector$ Other$ Gambing$sector$ Health$sector$
  • 18. Source: ECIPE Digital Trade Estimates database - To be released in October 2016. 41%$ 13%$ 12%$ 8%$ 8%$ 7%$ 5%$ 4%$ 2%$ Type%of%data%a鍖ected% Personal$data$ Business$records$ All$sectoral$data$ Public$data$ User/consumer$data$ Financial$data$ All$data$ Other$ Health$data$
  • 19. M A I N A R E A S : 9 . I N T E R M E D I A RY L I A B I L I T Y 1. Framework that provides a safe harbor 2. Notice and takedown requirement 1 0 . C O N T E N T A C C E S S 1. Censorship, filtering 2. Bandwidth, net neutrality
  • 20. N E X T S T E P S : 1. October: Launch report and website in Brussels 2. October - March: Advocacy and workshops for Governments and other stakeholders 3. Annual DTE report in October 2017 Website for peer review: http://staging.ecipe.org/dte/database/ Details for log in: please send your request to martina.ferracane@ecipe.org More detailed presentation of DTE database: http://www.slideshare.net/ MartinaFerracane/digital-trade-estimates-project
  • 21. M A R T I N A F R A N C E S C A F E R R A C A N E E M A I L : M A R T I N A . F E R R A C A N E @ E C I P E . O R G THANK YOU!
  • 22. R E F E R E N C E S ECIPE (2011), FUTURE-PROOFING WORLD TRADE IN TECHNOLOGY: Turning the WTO IT Agreement (ITA) into the International Digital Economy Agreement (IDEA). ECIPE Working Paper No. 04/2011, Brussels, http://www.ecipe.org/app/uploads/2014/12/ WP201104.pd
  • 23. D I G I TA L T R A D E E S T I M A T E S : T H E D A TA B A S E Criteria for including a measure: 1. Directly targeting the digital economy (not necessarily discrimination between national and foreign) 2. Horizontal target, but also impacting the digital economy (often discriminating between national and foreign)