Diphthong
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The document discusses diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that involve a smooth transition from one vowel articulation to another within a single syllable. It provides descriptions and examples of common English diphthongs, including their typical spellings and distinctive phonetic features like the parts of the tongue involved and lip positioning. Key diphthongs mentioned are /aɪ/, /eɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ɑʊ/, /əʊ/, /ɪə/, /ʊə/, and /ɛə/.
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Diphthong
- 1. BY :
- 2. A vowel sound that starts near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves toward the position for another. A coalition or union of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable; as, ou in out, oi in noise; -- called a proper diphthong. A vowel digraph; a union of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them being sounded; as, ai in rain, eo in people; -- called an improper diphthong.
- 3. a diphthong is a contour vowel that is, a unitary vowel that changes quality during its pronunciation, or "glides", with a smooth movement of the tongue from one articulation to another.
- 4. eɪ day aɪ eye ɔɪ boy aʊ mouth əʊ nose (UK) oʊ nose (US) ɪə ear (UK) eə hair (UK) ʊə pure (UK)
- 6. 1. CLOSING DIPHTONG 2. CENTERING DIPHTONG
- 8. / aɪ / The articulators assume the first target position by raising the rather front part of the tongue to a very open position, keeping the lips in a neutral position. A glide is made towards the second target, by raising the front to central part of the tongue towards the close-mid position.
- 9. / aɪ / DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Front Degree of raising Open Lip position Neutral GLIDE TO : Part of the tongue Front to central Degree of raising Above close-mid Lip position Very slightly spread or neutral EXAMPLE: i kind y spy ye dye ie die ei either eye eye eigh height igh high
- 10. Phoneme /eɪ/ The articulators assume the first target position by raising the front part of the tongue to a position between open-mid and close-mid with the lips in a slightly spread position A glide is made towards the second target, by raising the front to central part of the tongue towards the close-mid position.
- 11. /eɪ/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Front Degree of raising Open-mid to close-mid Lip position Slightly spread GLIDE TO: Part of the tongue Front to central Degree of raising Above close-mid Lip position Slightly spread EXAMPLE: a take ay clay ai main ea break ei reign ey they
- 12. Phoneme /ɔɪ/ The articulators assume the first target position by raising the back part of the tongue to a position around the open-mid level (somewhere between /ɔ:/ and /ɒ/) A glide is made towards the second target, by raising the front to central part of the tongue towards the close-mid position.
- 13. /ɔɪ/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Back Degree of raising Open-mid (to close-mid) Lip position Slightly rounded GLIDE TO: Part of the tongue Front to central Degree of raising Close-mid Lip position Neutral EXAMPLE: oy toy oi voice
- 14. Phoneme /ɑʊ/ The articulators assume the first target position by raising the back (to central) part of the tongue to a very open position (similar to that of /ɑː/ ) A glide is made towards the second target, by raising the back to central part of the tongue towards the close-mid position. The position of the lips is changed from neutral to slightly rounded.
- 15. /ɑʊ/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Back (to central) Degree of raising Open Lip position Neutral GLIDE TO: Part of the tongue Back Degree of raising Above close-mid Lip position Very slightly rounded EXAMPLE: ow now, brown ou round, bound
- 16. Phoneme /əʊ/ The articulators assume the first target position by raising the central part of the tongue to position between open-mid and close-mid. (this is the are of the long schwa /ɜː/, but the symbol of the short schwa is used) A glide is made towards the second target, by raising the back to central part of the tongue towards the close-mid position. The position of the lips is changed from neutral to slightly rounded.
- 17. /əʊ/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Central Degree of raising Open-mid to close-mid Lip position Neutral GLIDE TO: Part of the tongue Back to central Degree of raising Above close-mid Lip position Slightly rounded SPELLING PATTERNS: o no, go, alone oa load, goat ow know, bowl ou soul oe toe
- 19. Phoneme /ɪə/ The articulators assume the first target position; the front- to-central part of the tongue is raised to the close-mid position, and the lips are only slightly spread, almost neutral. A glide is made towards the second target, by lowering the central part of the tongue to position between open-mid and close-mid (roughly, the area of schwa), with the lips neutrally open.
- 20. /ɪə/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Front to central Degree of raising Above close-mid Lip position Very slightly spread GLIDE TO: Part of the tongue Central Degree of raising Open-mid to close-mid Lip position Neutral EXAMPLE: ee, ea, ei, ie + r beer, snear, weird, pier ere here
- 21. Phoneme /ʊə/ The articulators assume the first target position by raising the back to central part of the tongue to the close-mid position, with the lips only slightly rounded, almost neutral. A glide is made towards the second target, by lowering the central part of the tongue to position between open-mid and close-mid (roughly, the area of schwa), with the lips neutrally open.
- 22. /ʊə/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Back to central Degree of raising Above close-mid Lip position Very slightly rounded GLIDE TO : Part of the tongue Central Degree of raising Open-mid to close-mid Lip position Neutral EXAMPLE: oo, ou, u + r poor, tour, during ure pure
- 23. Phoneme /ɛə/ The articulators assume the first target position by raising the front part of the tongue to the open-mid position, with neutral lips. A glide is made towards the second target, by raising the central part of the tongue to a position equally open (open-mid) as that of the first target. The lips remain neutral, too.
- 24. /ɛə/ DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Type of articulation Vowel Manner of articulation Diphthong FIRST TARGET: Part of the tongue Front Degree of raising Open to open-mid Lip position Neutral GLIDE TO : Part of the tongue Front to central Degree of raising Below open-mid Lip position Very slightly spread or neutral EXAMPLE: are hare air hair ear bear NB also there, their, heir