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Direct and Indirect Speech

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Nijat Ansari
Nijat Ansari

Direct and Indirect Speech (Reporting and Reported Speech) Change of pronoun, change of tense and change of an adverb can be defined easily. It will help students to understand in a better way

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Direct and Indirect Speech
Army Public School & College (Boys), Saddar Karachi APSACS OSP ROUND 2 Class: XII - Karachi Board Week 01: Lecture - 01 Date: 02-December-2020 Subject: Compulsory English Section: Grammar Topic: Direct & Indirect Speech Teacher Name: Nijad Ansari (Lecturer)
TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Direct and Indirect 3. Reporting and Reported Speech 4. Changes for Making Indirect 5. Change in Pronoun 6. Change in Tenses 7. Change in Modals 8. Change in Adverbs
INTRODUCTION There are two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to the other person. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH John said, I will give you a pen. (DIRECT SPEECH) John said that he would give you a pen. (INDIRECT SPEECH)
DIRECT SPEECH If we repeat the words of a person exactly in his own words to someone, it is called Direct Speech. Ex: John said to me, I am very happy about your success. INDIRECT SPEECH If we express the essence of main points of a person words with a few modifications, it is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech. Ex: John said that he was very happy about my success.
REPORTING AND REPORTED SPEECH He said, He likes apples. REPORTING VERB: The verb used to introduce the reported speech is called Reporting Verb. Reporting Verb Reported Speech
CHANGES FOR MAKING INDIRECT SPEECH Omission of Commas Use of that Change of Pronoun Change of Tense Change of Adverb
EXAMPLES She says, I am ill. She says that she is ill. He said, The exam is not difficult. He said that the exam was not difficult. They said, We can speak perfect English. They said that they could speak perfect English. Are you a medical student? I asked John. I asked John whether he was a medical student. Do you want to read this book? I said to her. I questioned her whether she wanted to read that book
CHANGES IN PRONOUN IN INDIRECT SPEECH First Person He said to me, I like coffee. Second Person He said to me, You look happy. Third Person I we Change with Subject You Change with Object He She It They No Change
CHANGE THE PRONOUN FROM THE GIVEN SENTENCES i. He says, I am busy. ii. They say, We need to buy some new clothes. iii. John says, I was absent. iv. They say to me, You will be happy. v. I say, She is a good student.
Answers He says, I am busy. He says that he is busy. They say, We need to buy some new clothes. They say that they need to buy some new clothes. John says, I was absent. John says that he was absent. They say to me, You will be happy. They tell me that I will be happy. I say, She is a good student. I say that she is a good student.
CHANGES IN TENSES IN INDIRECT SPEECH If we have Present or Future Tense in reporting speech, there will be no change in tense of reported speech. If we have Past Tense in reporting speech, we will change tense of reported speech. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Simple Present Simple Past Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Perfect Past Perfect No Change Past Perfect Continuous No Change Will / Shall Would
CHANGES IN MODALS IN INDIRECT SPEECH Present Modals are changed to Past Modals May Might Can Could Must Had to These Modals do not change Would Could Might Should Ought to Change in Modals No Change
CHANGE TENSE FROM THE GIVEN SENTENCES i. He said to me, You are not busy. ii. They said, We are taking online classes. iii. Lucy said, I washed clothes. iv. John said to Dora, You had bought new clothes. v. I said to them, She has not been learning Chinese.
Answers He said to me, You are not busy. He told me that I was not busy. They said, We are taking online classes. They said that they were taking online classes. Lucy said, I washed clothes. Lucy said that she had washed clothes. John said to Dora, You had bought new clothes. John told Dora that she had bought new clothes. I said to them, She has not been learning Chinese. I told them that she had not been learning Chinese.
CHANGES IN ADVERBS IN INDIRECT SPEECH This That These Those Here There Today That day Now Then Ago Before Tomorrow The following day Yesterday The previous day / The day before Tonight That night Change of Adverb
CHANGE TENSE FROM THE GIVEN SENTENCES i. I said to Michael, She is not busy now. ii. They said, We shall go to college tomorrow. iii. John said to Lucy, You washed clothes yesterday. iv. Mike said to children, You will buy a car in this month. v. David said to them, My exam will start the next month.
Answers I said to Michael, She is not busy now. I told Michael that she was not busy then. They said, We shall go to college tomorrow. They said that they would go to college the next day. John said to Lucy, You washed clothes yesterday. John told to Lucy that she had washed clothes the previous day. Mike said to children, You will buy a car in this month. Mike told children that they would buy a car in that month. David said to them, My exam will start the next month. David told them that his exam would start the following month.

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Direct and Indirect Speech

  • 2. Army Public School & College (Boys), Saddar Karachi APSACS OSP ROUND 2 Class: XII - Karachi Board Week 01: Lecture - 01 Date: 02-December-2020 Subject: Compulsory English Section: Grammar Topic: Direct & Indirect Speech Teacher Name: Nijad Ansari (Lecturer)
  • 3. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Direct and Indirect 3. Reporting and Reported Speech 4. Changes for Making Indirect 5. Change in Pronoun 6. Change in Tenses 7. Change in Modals 8. Change in Adverbs
  • 4. INTRODUCTION There are two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to the other person. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH John said, I will give you a pen. (DIRECT SPEECH) John said that he would give you a pen. (INDIRECT SPEECH)
  • 5. DIRECT SPEECH If we repeat the words of a person exactly in his own words to someone, it is called Direct Speech. Ex: John said to me, I am very happy about your success. INDIRECT SPEECH If we express the essence of main points of a person words with a few modifications, it is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech. Ex: John said that he was very happy about my success.
  • 6. REPORTING AND REPORTED SPEECH He said, He likes apples. REPORTING VERB: The verb used to introduce the reported speech is called Reporting Verb. Reporting Verb Reported Speech
  • 7. CHANGES FOR MAKING INDIRECT SPEECH Omission of Commas Use of that Change of Pronoun Change of Tense Change of Adverb
  • 8. EXAMPLES She says, I am ill. She says that she is ill. He said, The exam is not difficult. He said that the exam was not difficult. They said, We can speak perfect English. They said that they could speak perfect English. Are you a medical student? I asked John. I asked John whether he was a medical student. Do you want to read this book? I said to her. I questioned her whether she wanted to read that book
  • 9. CHANGES IN PRONOUN IN INDIRECT SPEECH First Person He said to me, I like coffee. Second Person He said to me, You look happy. Third Person I we Change with Subject You Change with Object He She It They No Change
  • 10. CHANGE THE PRONOUN FROM THE GIVEN SENTENCES i. He says, I am busy. ii. They say, We need to buy some new clothes. iii. John says, I was absent. iv. They say to me, You will be happy. v. I say, She is a good student.
  • 11. Answers He says, I am busy. He says that he is busy. They say, We need to buy some new clothes. They say that they need to buy some new clothes. John says, I was absent. John says that he was absent. They say to me, You will be happy. They tell me that I will be happy. I say, She is a good student. I say that she is a good student.
  • 12. CHANGES IN TENSES IN INDIRECT SPEECH If we have Present or Future Tense in reporting speech, there will be no change in tense of reported speech. If we have Past Tense in reporting speech, we will change tense of reported speech. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Simple Present Simple Past Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Perfect Past Perfect No Change Past Perfect Continuous No Change Will / Shall Would
  • 13. CHANGES IN MODALS IN INDIRECT SPEECH Present Modals are changed to Past Modals May Might Can Could Must Had to These Modals do not change Would Could Might Should Ought to Change in Modals No Change
  • 14. CHANGE TENSE FROM THE GIVEN SENTENCES i. He said to me, You are not busy. ii. They said, We are taking online classes. iii. Lucy said, I washed clothes. iv. John said to Dora, You had bought new clothes. v. I said to them, She has not been learning Chinese.
  • 15. Answers He said to me, You are not busy. He told me that I was not busy. They said, We are taking online classes. They said that they were taking online classes. Lucy said, I washed clothes. Lucy said that she had washed clothes. John said to Dora, You had bought new clothes. John told Dora that she had bought new clothes. I said to them, She has not been learning Chinese. I told them that she had not been learning Chinese.
  • 16. CHANGES IN ADVERBS IN INDIRECT SPEECH This That These Those Here There Today That day Now Then Ago Before Tomorrow The following day Yesterday The previous day / The day before Tonight That night Change of Adverb
  • 17. CHANGE TENSE FROM THE GIVEN SENTENCES i. I said to Michael, She is not busy now. ii. They said, We shall go to college tomorrow. iii. John said to Lucy, You washed clothes yesterday. iv. Mike said to children, You will buy a car in this month. v. David said to them, My exam will start the next month.
  • 18. Answers I said to Michael, She is not busy now. I told Michael that she was not busy then. They said, We shall go to college tomorrow. They said that they would go to college the next day. John said to Lucy, You washed clothes yesterday. John told to Lucy that she had washed clothes the previous day. Mike said to children, You will buy a car in this month. Mike told children that they would buy a car in that month. David said to them, My exam will start the next month. David told them that his exam would start the following month.